Chapter 2

Design and Methodology

Research Design
The researchers will use the descriptive-quantitative
method of research with the questionnaire- checklist as the
main data- gathering. According to Calderon (1993),
descriptive method is the process of gathering, analysing,
classifying and tabulating the data about a prevailing
condition, practice or trends and cause- effect
relationships and finally interpreting the data adequately
and accuracy with the aid of statistical method.
Descriptive survey method is a method of which surveys
describe and interprets what is. It reveals condition of
relationships that exist or do not exist. Practices that
prevail or do not prevail, beliefs or point of view. The
word survey indicates the gathering of data from place to
place and from group to group. It refers also the
characteristics, status, or practices of individuals or a
particular group. The survey method involved data which
prevail current conditions on the knowledge of the residents
in Barangay Carmen West Rosales, Pangasinan on

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Leptospirosis, then such data were analysed, organized, and

interpreted.
The researcher use this method because the main goal of
this type of research is to describe the data and
characteristics about what is being studied and to seek the
significant difference and relationship of the respondents
extent of knowledge on leptospirosis across their profile.
The idea behind this type of research is to study
frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations.

Population and Locale of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the residents of
Barangay Carmen West Rosales, Pangasinan with a total
population of 2805 as of 2012 according to www.philippineislands.ph .The researchers determined the sample size by
Lynch Formula and yielded a result 338.

Data Gathering Tool

After the study is designed, the researchers selected
the questionnaire as the data- gathering instrument in order
to determine the extent of knowledge on Leptospirosis of the
respondents.

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The questionnaire consisted of two parts; part I dealt

on the profile of the respondents on terms of age, gender,
educational attainment and part II determined the extent of
knowledge of the respondents on leptospirosis in terms of
cause, incubation, complication, prevention and control.
Some items of the questionnaire were lifted from local
and foreign literature while others were formulated by the
researchers. The questionnaire will be assessed and critique
by experts in the field of public health (a City Health
Officer, a Public Health Nurse and a Clinical Instructor who
teaches Community Health Nursing) for its face validity and
content validity. To test its reliability the questionnaire
will be piloted in one Barangay in Urdaneta City with 30
respondents and Cronbachs Alpha will be utilized.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will seek the approval of the Dean of
the College of Nursing to conduct the study, likewise, the
researcher will seek approval to the Barangay Captain of
Carmen West before the conduct of research in their
Barangay. The researchers will use convenient sampling in
the conduct of this research with 338 respondents determined
by Lynch Formula.
Treatment of Data
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The data were analysed and interpreted in the context

of the specific problems being identified in chapter 1. The
scales consist of a checklist to rank the rate presented.
For problem number 1, the data was presented in a frequency
table with a corresponding percentage equivalent of each
profile attributes bracket. The researchers will use this
formula because Frequency table can help you analyze and
understand large amounts of information.
Problem number 2, on the extent of knowledge on
Leptospirosis among the residents of Barangay Carmen West
Rosales, Pangasinan the average weighted mean was utilized.
Table 2.1 describes the point classification, statistical
limit and descriptive equivalent. The researchers will use
weighted average because it is a more accurate measurement
of scores or investments that are of relative importance to
each other.
Table 2.1. Descriptive Value
Point Value
Classification
5
4
3
2
1

Statistical Limit
4.20 5.00
3.40 4.19
2.60 3.39
1.80 2.59
1.00 1.79

Descriptive Equivalent
Very Highly Knowledgeable
Highly Knowledgeable
Knowledgeable
Fairly Knowledgeable
Not Knowledgeable

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Problem number 3 t-test will be used on the significant

difference between the extents of knowledge of the residents
of Barangay Carmen West Rosales, Pangasinan on Leptospirosis
with respect to their sex. The researchers will use this
test for comparing the means of two samples (or treatments),
even if they have different numbers of replicates.
Problem number 4 Pearson Correlation Coefficient was
used on the significant relationship between the extent of
knowledge of the residents of Barangay Carmen West Rosales,
Pangasinan on Leptospirosis with respect to their age and
educational attainment. The researchers will use this method
when we have two quantitative variables and the research
hypothesis predicts whether there is a linear relationship
between these two quantitative variables.

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