MSP-SNCP slightly described

MSP(Multiplex Section Protection) is a per span protection.

A service line is protected using another line, called a protection line. If an error
occurs, the protection mechanism should switch over to the protection line. There
are two main protection schemes for the multiplex section:
1+1 : Traffic is simultaneously transmitted over working and protecting lines (or
cards if it is for hiT i.e. MSP bridge). The incoming traffic is select from the line that
delivers signal in best condition (specifically switch fabric selector is responsible for
making the selection in a HiT).
o Switching type: unidirectional or bi-directional
o Operation type: revertive or non-revertive

1:N : A 1:N multiplex section protection system consists of N traffic-carrying

multiplex sections that are to be protected by an additional multiplex section. In this
scheme only one of the working sections can be protect at a time. The additional
multiplex section can be used to carry low-priority traffic (unprotected) when it is
not used as a protection section for the rest N working sections.
o 1:N with N<=14 for STM-1/4/16 and N<=7 for STM-16/64
o Switching type: bi-directional
o Operation type: revertive

1:1 : This is a special case of 1:N protection scheme. In case of a failure on the
working path, traffic is switched to protecting path.
o Switching type: bi-directional
o Operation type: revertive
SubNetwork Connection Protection. is a per path protection.
SNCP is a network protection mechanism for SDH networks providing path
protection (end-to-end protection). The data signal is transmitted in a ring structure
via two different paths and can be implemented in line or ring structures. The
changeover criteria are specified individually when configuring a network element.
A protection protocol is not required. The switchover to protection path occurs in the
non-revertive mode, i.e. if traffic was switched to the protection path due to a
transmission fault, there is no automatic switch-back to the original path once the
fault is rectified, but only if there is a fault on the new path (the one labeled as
protecting and currently services traffic).
SNCP is a 1+1 protection scheme (one working and one protection transport entity).
Input traffic is broadcasted in two routes (one being the normal working route and

the second one being the protection route).

Assume a failure free state for a path from a node B to a node A. Node B bridges the
signal destined to A from other nodes on the ring, both on working and protecting
routes. At node A, signals from these two routes are continuously monitored for path
layer defects and the better quality signal is selected.
Now consider a failure state where fiber between node A and node B is cut. The
selector switches traffic on the standby route when the active route between node A
and node B is failed.
In order to prevent any unnecessary or spurious protection switching in the
presence of bit errors on both paths, a switch will typically occur when the quality of
the alternate path exceeds that of the current working path by some threshold (e.g.,
an order of magnitude better BER). Consecutively, any case of failure drops in
SNCPs decision mechanism.