BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC3514 / ARC3512]

Project 1 Alternative Construction Solution and Documentation

by Kian Soon Jean [0314978]
Tutor: Ms Cheryl Ngiam

Table of Contents

Introduction

pg 3

Construction System Proposal

pg 7

Advantages & Disadvantages to Systems

pg 8

Precedent Study - Construction Systems

pg 11

Materials Specifications

pg 17

Bibliography

pg 21

Introduction

The project taken for reference in this
assignment is the Nature Appreciation
Centre located in Belum Rainforest, Perak,
Malaysia. It aims to provide a public
space that promotes human intimacy with
nature. The proposed programme involve
community gatherings for cultural events,
a local market and a tourist destination.
pg 3

Former Drawings
pg 4

Former Drawings
pg 5

Former Drawings
pg 6

Construction System Proposal

Proposed

Roof System

(Bellobamboo.com, 2015)

Bamboo Shingles, Bamboo Support

Wall System

(Zobacz wszystkie wpisy, 2015)

Terra-cota Cladded Steel Stud Cavity Wall;

Bamboo Screen Wall

Floor System

Source: http://www.bjduowei.net.cn/en/images/userfiles/1351148949_170.jpg

Tegral Comflor 60 Composite Flooring

pg 7

Wall System

Advantages & Disadvantages to Systems

Precedent study: Bechtler Museum of Modern Art

System

Advantages

Disadvantages

Existing

High aesthetics (texture & visual)

Requires more build area

Rammed earth

Readily available (abundant)

Low strength to weight ratio

Acts as thermal mass

Skills required for its construction is not common

Recyclable material

Not suitable for overly humid weathers

Proposed

Longer-lasting; Durable

High carbon footprint

Terra-cotta cladded steel cavity wall

Sustains more load; Longer clear spans

Relatively costly

Sustainable in the long term

More vulnerable to fire

Relatively low cost

Abundant in resource locally

Quick construction

Sustainablebuildingdesign.wordpress.com,. (2014)

Steelconstruction.info,. (2015)

pg 8

Advantages & Disadvantages to Systems

Floor System

Precedent study: The Waterfront, Grantham

System

Advantages

Disadvantages

Existing

Requires maintenance and preservation

Timber is sensitive to humidity and dampness and

overexposure to sunlight

Less easy jointing and precision compared to steel

structure

Timber is more expensive than bamboo

Timber
and Deck
TimberJoist
planking
on wooden beams and columns

More lightweight compared to rammed earth

flooring

Good texture and visual appearance

Easy installation

Recyclable material

Proposed

Longer-lasting; Durable

Heavy

Composite slab

Sustains more load; Longer clear spans

Labor intensive for construction

Relatively low carbon footprint

Requires longer time to construct

Relatively low cost

Dull aesthetics

Abundant in resource locally

Hughes, D. (2015)

Cistructures.co.uk,. (2015)
pg 9

Roof System

Advantages & Disadvantages to Systems

Precedent studies: German Shanghai Bamboo Pavilion

Children's Activity And Learning Center, Thailand

System

Advantages

Disadvantages

Existing

Recyclable and renewable materials

Metal
Deck,
Timber
Support
Timber
shingles
with
timber trusses

Good insulation properties of wood contributing

to long-term energy savings

Durability problem especially with tropical

climate

Texture and color of wood enhance visual

aesthetic

Maintenance and weather resistance

prevention needed

Flammable

Lightweight and low expansion and contraction

rate

Easy installation

Proposed

Renewable material

Bamboo shingles
Shingles, with
Bamboo
Support
Bamboo
bamboo
supporting structure

Lightweight and strong

Requires preservation, low durability if

untreated

Flexible, allowing more organic shape

Hard to standardize shape

Good insulation properties

Jointing problems

Cheap and fast growing material

Lack of design guidance and detailing

Easy installation

Flammable

(Cmarchtx.com, 2015)

(Bellobamboo.com, 2015)

pg 10

Precedent Study: Westwood Timber Flooring @ Esprit Boutique, Singapore

Construction Systems

It is a flagship store located in the prime shopping district of Orchard Road in Singapore. The Bona Oil
was used as a finish to the timber flooring for a luxurious image and for longevity. The floor will be maintained
with Bona Soap and Bona Carls Oil 25.

Construction Type: New Flooring

Floor Type: American White Oak
Surface Area: 350sqm
Product Used: Bona Oil 45
Application Method: Bona Applicator Pad
Flooring Contractor: 3 Rootz
Year: 2008

pg 11

Precedent Study:

Comflor Composite Flooring with Steel Frame @ The

Construction Systems

Waterfront, Grantham


The Waterfront is a majot new residential complex developed by Urban Residential Development
and Investment Ltd in Grantham town centre. The building was built with hot-rolled steel frame,
composite beams, composite floor slabs using metal decking and light steel infill walls. The composite
floor used is a 175mm slab on 60mm deep trapezoidal metal decking (Comflor 60) with normal weight
concrete. Its infill walls are only 150mm thick consisting of light steel studs with, insulation between
the studs and both sides of the wall lined with two layers of sound resistant plasterboard. The hot
rolled frame was chosen for its speed of construction and its predicted lower cost comparred to a
concrete frame structure. The steel structure was successfully erected in only six weeks.

Client: Urban Residential Development and Investment Ltd

Architect: Urban Residential Development and Investment Ltd
Structural Engineer: Leonard Murray and Associates Ltd
Steelwork Contractor: Caunton Engineering Ltd
Acoustic Consultant: Environmental Noise Solutions Ltd

(SCI P371/1 The Waterfront, Grantham: A steel frame with composite floors, 2007)

Floor Element

Carpark Floor Below Residences

Comflor 60 Installation
Junction Detail Between Separating Floor and Wall
pg 12

Precedent Study: Terra-Cotta Cladded Steel Stud Wall @ The Bechtler Museum of Modern Art

Construction Systems

The museum is located in a city that has undergone a rapid urban development in
recent years. It houses important works of art such as that of Andreas Bechtlers and
artists such as Picasso, Warhol, Le Corbusier and Lger. The building is hollowed out to
offer an outdoor public courtyard outlined by the plastic volumes at the back. The fourstorey building has a soaring glass atrium that extends through the core of the museum,
diffusing natural light throughout the building due to vaulted skylights. The terra cotta
exterior cladding gave the museum a rigorous though elegant simplicity.

Section (ArchDaily, 2014)

TerraClad External

Section (ArchDaily, 2014)

Tryon & First St.

Charlotte, NC
ARCHITECT
Mario Botta
ARCHITECT-OF-RECORD
Wagner Murray Architects
INSTALLATION CONTRACTOR
Wasco Inc.
PRODUCT
TerraClad
FORMING METHOD
Extrusion
(ArchitectureWeek, 2015)

Wall

Section

Detail at Fourth Floor

(ArchitectureWeek, 2015)

Parapet
pg 13

Construction Systems

Precedent Study: Childrens Activity And Learning Center, Thailand

This manta ray-inspired children center with its large organic canopy cantilevering
up to 8 meters is anchored into a rocky slope and is faced towards the gulf bay. The
canopy formed by the complex intertwining of bamboo members with bamboo shingles
covering it provides shading and protection from the extremes of tropical climate. Besides
the massive roof with open interior spaces ensure the spaces are always well ventilated
and lit from indirect light, maintaining the thermal comfort in the building.
The interior flooring is made up of local plantation river red gum wood, resting on the
weaved bamboo structures. Due to the versatile characteristics of bamboo reeds,
different sizes of bamboos are used for the construction. The larger poles are used for
the two anchoring columns that attach to a large concrete pylon. Transitioning from the
column base into the roof the sizes of the bamboo members decrease, to allow more
flexibility in making the overall form. Instead, the bamboo are grouped together to form
beams on perpendicular grids. Lastly, the bamboos are split and flattened to create the
roof tiles.

pg 14

Construction Systems
Architects: 24h- Architecture
Client: Six Senses Resorts and Spas
Program: auditorium/cinema, library,
art room, music room, fashion room,
hangout balcony and slide
Completion: 2009
Floor area: 165 sqm
Bamboo consultant: Jrg Stamm,
Colombialocal architect: Habita
architects, Thailandstructural
Engineerbuilding: Planning &
design, Thailand
Structuralengineer for wind-tunnel
tests: Ove Arup Thailand
Jointing with Steel (Janssen, 2000)

(Janssen, 2000): Common plait materials are

bamboo and rattan. Thay may be soaked
before used for more pliability. As they dry up,
their fibres shrink and the connection tightens.
pg 15

Precedent Study: Bamboo Pavilion for the Expo Shanghai

Construction Systems

The German-Chinese pavilion built for the Expo 2010 Shanghai attracts attention
by virtue of the materials used and its transparent structure. The bamboo canes are
giant columns up to 23 cm in diameter with stainless-steel node fittings concreted into
the ends. The pavillion is enclosed by a screen supported by a bamboo-veneered
steel structure, while the internal platform is borne by specially developed beams in
laminated bamboo. The bamboo parquet and furniture demonstrate the versatility of
this renewable raw material.

Stainless Steel node fittings

Stainless Steel node fittings

Jointing with Steel (Janssen, 2000)

pg 16

Floor Materials

Materials

Sizes and material properties

Manufacturer

Comflor 60

60mm depth corrugated metal

Comflor

Materials Specifications
Image

decking

Fibreflor

Concrete
Novocon FE1050 steel fibres

Tegral

150 micro-synthetic fibres

Teak flooring

Length: 450mm- 2400mm

Westwood Floorings

Width: 80mm/90/mm/100mm
Thickness: 15mm/ 20mm

Bona Oil 45

5L and 1L containers

Bona AB

For timber surface treatment

Dry solids 45%
Based on tall oil from pine trees
DPH 4, 5

Levels 74mm-170mm height

capacity
Levels up to 5% slope degree

Buzon Pedestal International

Bona polyurethane parquet

adhesive

Density: 1.7g/cm3
Base: Mixture of poluols and pMDI

Bona AB

pg 17

Materials Specifications
Wall Materials
Materials

Sizes and material properties

Manufacturer

Rondo steel studs, channels, wall

tracks

95mm x custom length; 130mm x

custom length

Rondo

TerraClad

320mm x 40mm

Boston Valley

Glasroc sheathing

2440mm x 1220mm x 12.7mm

British Gypsum

(2440MM X 1220MM X 12.7MM

Georgia Pacific

TOUGHROCK FIREGUARD C
GYPSUM BOARD

Fibreflor

Image

THK)

Concrete
Novocon FE1050 steel fibres

Tegral

150 micro-synthetic fibres

pg 18

Materials Specifications

Roof; Ceiling Materials

Materials

Sizes and material properties

Manufacturer

Bamboo shingles

No standard sizes

Chiangmai Life Construction Co.,

Made up of flattened bamboo

Ltd.

Image

sections

Bamboo poles

Diameter: 1 (40mm) to 5

Malaysia Bamboo

(125mm)
Length: maximum 20feets (6
meters)
Insulation Rubber Mat

5mm Thickness

Hebei Siti Electrical Equipment

Co.,Ltd

Rondo top hat

95mm x 50mm

Rondo

Toughrock fireguard c gypsum

12.7mm thick

Georgia Pacific
pg 19

Materials Specifications
Proposed Basement Materials
Materials
BLOWN SOCKET PERFORATED

Sizes and material properties

Manufacturer

6m length
89mm diameter

Brett Martin

Coverage: 4.5m2 per litre

Green in colour
Vinyl acetate emulsion, mineral fillers

British Gypsum

Studded polypropylene membrane

with geotextile filter fleece

Oldroyd

Image

PIPE

Thistle Bond-it

Oldroyd Gtx cavity drainage

membrane

Function:
-Drainage layer for external
basement waterproofing applications
- Allows moisture to move behind the
membrane and allow for shrinkage
movement when screeds are laid on
top
Size: 2m x 15m
Thickness: 5mm
Air Gap (determines flow capacity):
3.5 I/m2

Vandex Super

Function: In-depth crystalline

active waterproofing slurry

Safeguard Europe Ltd

Bulk Density: 1.25 kg/l

Colour: Cement Grey
Setting Time: 60 minutes
Aggregate state: Powder

1
pg 20

Bibliography

Sharma, P., Dhanwantri, K., & Mehta, S. (2014). Bamboo as a Building Material.International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(3), 249-254 Research. Retrieved from http://www.ripublication.com/ijcer.htm

SCI P371/1 The Waterfront, Grantham: A steel frame with composite floors. (2007) (1st ed.). Ascot.

Mullett, D. (1998). Composite floor systems. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Bostonvalley.com,. (2015). TerraClad Terra Cotta Specifications, Details, Sustainability. Retrieved from http://bostonvalley.com/downloads-3/

Janssen, J. (2000). Designing and Building with Bamboo. Eindhoven: International Network for Bamboo and Rattan.
Bona System. (2014) (1st ed.). Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.bona.com/PageFiles/40315/Bona_Product_Catalogue_201415%20-%20LR.pdf

Kia Lim Berhad. (n.d.). Clay Bricks. Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.kialim.com.my/bricks-spec.php
Malaysia Bamboo. (n.d.). Products & Services. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.malaysiabamboo.com/products-services.html

Brettmartin.com,. (2015). Perforated Pipe | Surface Water Drainage Systems | Brett Martin. Retrieved from http://www.brettmartin.com/en-gb/plumbing-and-drainage/products/underground/surface-water-2/
perforated-pipe.aspx


Bona System. (2014). Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.bona.com/PageFiles/40315/Bona_Product_Catalogue_201415%20-%20LR.pdf

Cistructures.co.uk,. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.cistructures.co.uk/themes/cistruct/more

Clark, R. (1999). Commercial metal stud framing. Carlsbad, CA: Craftsman Book Co.

British-gypsum.com,. (2015). Thistle Bond-It . Retrieved, from http://www.british-gypsum.com/products/thistlebond-it

Hughes, D. (2015). Deck frame building. Images and ideas DIY.. Gardenseeker.com. Retrieved from http://www.gardenseeker.com/decking/building%20a%20deck/decking-sub-frame-base-images.html

Vandex Super/Super White. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/vandex_super_white.pdf
Bellobamboo.com,. (2015). The Bello Bamboo Company . Retrieved from http://www.bellobamboo.com/event/bamboo-future-retreat-in-bello-oct-4-7-2013/

Cmarchtx.com,. (2015). craig mcmahon architects. Retrieved from http://www.cmarchtx.com/

ArchDaily,. (2014). Bechtler Museum of Modern Art / Mario Botta. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/522034/bechtler-museum-of-modern-art-mario-botta/

Theworldofmyth.com,. (2015). Bamboo Fencing Ideas | Theworldofmyth.Com. Retrieved from http://www.theworldofmyth.com/bamboo-fencing-ideas.html

Zobacz wszystkie wpisy, k. (2015). Pot drewniany jaki wybra?. Blog ogrodniczy Ogrodosfera.pl. Retrieved from http://ogrodosfera.pl/blog/plot-drewniany-jaki-wybrac/

Safeguardeurope.com,. (2015). Oldroyd Gtx Range | Geotextile cavity drainage membranes for basement waterproofing vertical and horizontal drainage applications. Retrieved from http://www.safeguardeurope.
com/products/oldroy

Static.safeguardeurope.com,. (2009). Oldroyd Xs. Krager Nringspark. Retrieved from http://static.safeguardeurope.com/pdfs/bba_ol

Steelconstruction.info,. (2015). Facades and interfaces. Retrieved 9 May 2015, from http://www.steelconstruction.info/Facades_and_inte

Sustainablebuildingdesign.wordpress.com,. (2014). Eco-materials | Sustainable Building Design. Retrieved from https://sustainablebuildingdesign.wordpress.com/category/eco-materials/

pg 21

B
Y

1
UP

DOWN
7

7
Y

DOWN

UP

DOWN

Elevations