Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ELEVEN
THE BEHAVIOUR
OF OVERCONSOLIDATED
.
.
SAMPLES: THE HVORSLEV SURFACE
'
111 INTRODUCTION
"'f--.,......
5...."111,,,
line
P,
/'_.
"
IOOr------------------,
0') D
....
34.S kN m- I
rltioR, . 2'-
~rconsolidlt)on
7.
~,o/~.
I
o
j'
10
'0
-.,------------------,
-,
!~ o'=,..c.--------~----__\
');-0---,!;;:o---,f.;-o--,A.I.T.
. f.
UBRARY
(per ~nt)
F'lwe 112 Tesl dall rrom draine4 lest on In overconsolidlled umple of Weald elay
(Ifter Bishop and Henkel, 1962, p. 121)
I
",
,,
U2 THE MECHANICS
or SOtu
,.r---------------------~----~
FaillJ~
I,
ClilicaISlat~ .line,
y
,.
E
2.
".
".
".
".
".
20
".
".
".
".
End of
luI
//
".
p~
",0
60
p'(kN m- 1)
~~:~~~~:~~~~t~~:~l\!~~f~~~JbT:~~~~~
by' plotting stress' pattis in
:
space; drained and uodhtined tests
q'lp~ p'lp~
We can consider the failure states of specimens in the Iria xi:lI apparatus and
plot the dat. on normalized slrcsll axes, as shown in Fig. 11-4. The data were
obtained frpm a series of compression tests on overconsolidated Weald
clay. and IltO takCJ? from Parry (1960). It is clear that the data of both drained
and' undralned ,tests lie on a single, line in q'/p~: p '/p~ space. The line is
limited on tISrigpt-hand end by the point representing the critical state line
at the top Fdgc of the Roscoe state boundary surface. By the following
. argument, the line of failure points is also limited on its left hand end. The
maximum Vlllue of q'/p' would be when ai was large and as was small. If the
soil could 110t wilhstand tensile effective stresses, the highest value of q' Jp'
that .could be observed would corrcspond to
O. Then, for a triaxial
compression test,
(II-I)
a; _
(11-2)
nnd
q'/~~ - 3.
(11-3)
The locus of failure .points can then be idealized a,s line AD in FiS. II'.
The locus is limited on its len-hand side by the line OA which has slope 3,
cormpondinc to tensile failure, and on its riaht~hand side by the critical
0.6
o Dr.llMid
11 Undrlined
"0.'
l/..:... . . .
o;u
.Db.
5'
Rotcoe Rlrf.ce
.....
,
,
,,
"
\
\
\
\
0.2
0.2
0.'
0.6
0.8
1.0
p'lp~
FI...... 11--4 Failure siaies of drained .nd undr.lned tests on ovcrC'onsolidaled samples
01 Weald cta~ (data from Parry, 1960)
.....- . ,
;'-
.,
A
)
O~~
____________________
~C~~
p' lp:
F1lllrt 11' The complete .tlte boUndlry 'Urflce in ,'J,; : p'I'~ .,.ce
state line (point B) and the Roscoe surface (BC). Of course, if the soil could
sustain tensile effective stre~, the line corresponding to (ensile failure
would lie to the left of OA, and might be curved. This latter possibility is
relevant for many cohesive powders , whose handling is important in the
chemical engineering industry.
We shall call the locus AB of failure points in Fig, 11-5 tbe Hvor.dev
sur/oee. The sianificant feature of the surface with which Hvorslev wu
particularlycOiicernecfii-thiii the
iire~ithsPeQmenatfiilure is
a [unction both of the mean normal stress
and of the s~ific- vo iiiiMV
of the specimen at failure. Tlte specific 'v~i~me 'appean' i~"Fig: 11-5 ihrougb
its influence on the equivalent stress p~ , which depends directly on s~fic
~?Iume. The point can be illustrated if
idealite the Hvorslev surface-;; a
siraight line whose equation is
sh;;'
i,
ori.
we
(11-4)
where g and h are soil constants as shown in Fig. 11 -6. Equation 11 -4 may
he rewriuen as
(11-5)
p; - "p((N-')/~J
(11-6)
(11-7)
The Hvorslev surface intersects the critical slate line given by Eqs (10-1) and
(10-2) al q~. pj and v, where
.
q; "" Mp j: v f
r-).Inpj
(11-8)
.,
~
"
,~
.i.
"
"
,,
Slope. II
g _ (M-h)exp
+ In p;]
(r-N) ,
-~-
( II ')
(1110)
, '(r;" )+ lip' ,
( 1111)
waY"itiltth~~ it9~oe
,,
y!'r ~C;* ~hat the Hvorsley and Roscoe ~tate boundary surfaces
antersect and that the line or intersection is the critical slate line.
B,
B,
"Tesl I
p'
FI ... re I I' Failure
~Iales
Example 11-1 Ca lculation of Ihe values of Ihe deviator stress al fail ure
for samples which fail on the HVOr1lev surface
Three samples A. B. a nd C are brought to failure on thu Hvonlcv surface
at the foll owing combinations of 11 and p' : Sample A. 11 - 1.90,
p' '"" 200 kN m- 1 ; Sample 8. 11 _ 1.90. p' _ SOO kN m- I ; Sample C,
/)-2.05, p' _ 200kNm- t The clay has N - 3.2S, .\ - 0.2, r - J.16,
M _ 0 .94. and II _ 0.615. Calculate the values of q' at failure of eack
sample.
A'
p ' (kN
q' (kN
m- 'l
m-' )
1.90
200
, 279
1:90
"'"
'"
c
2.o,
200
2<)]