Repair Bone Densitometer

REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
REPAIR PROCEDURE FOR

CENTRAL BONE DENSITOMETERS
388S631
Norland Medical Systems

W6340 Hackbarth Road
Fort Atkinson, WI USA
53538-8999
Main Phone Line:
1-800-333-8456
1-920-563-8456
FAX 1-920-563-8626
Customer Service:
1-800-444-8456
1-920-568-4206
FAX 1-920-568-4216
E-Mail:
service@norland.com
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
SCOPE........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3
DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................................................. 4
PROCEDURE............................................................................................................................................................. 4
SERVICE SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................................................. 5
TESTING REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................... 7
TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE ............................................................................................. 10
REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD................................................................................................ 14
10
SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................ 14
11
FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT................................................................................................................. 17
12
PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT ...................................................................................... 17
13
LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 18
14
MAIN BOARD IDENTIFICATION....................................................................................................................... 18
15
MOTOR DRIVER BOARD CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................... 19
16
LEVEL SCANNER .................................................................................................................................................. 20
17
WIRING DIAGRAMS ............................................................................................................................................. 20
18
SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................................... 23
19
LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 29
20
SET PMT GAINS..................................................................................................................................................... 29
21
SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK .......................................................................................................................... 34
22
BEAM STABILITY TEST....................................................................................................................................... 36
23
TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST ..................................................................................................................... 38
24
FUNCTION TESTS ................................................................................................................................................. 40
25
CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST ................................................................................................................................. 41
26
SKIP TEST ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
27
FILTER TEST .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
28
DAILY CALIBRATION.......................................................................................................................................... 44
29
INITIAL CALIBRATION........................................................................................................................................ 45
30
QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS .............................................................................................................................. 47
31
FINAL FACTOR...................................................................................................................................................... 49
32
REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS .................................................................................................................. 50
33
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................................ 53
34
XMAKEPRD............................................................................................................................................................ 54
35
FDA FORM 2579 USA ONLY ............................................................................................................................. 55
36
SERVICE REPORT FORM ..................................................................................................................................... 57
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
SCOPE
1.1 To establish a uniform procedure for testing/repairing a X-Ray Bone Densitometer to ensure a properly operating
instrument, a satisfied customer, and compliance with regulatory requirements.
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 Control of Static Sensitive Material, SOP-G004
2.2 Form 2579 Procedure SOP-R009
2.3 Return Authorization (RA), SOP-N004
2.4 Return Authorization Tag Procedure 900S023
2.5
Completing the Service Report Form 900S064
2.6 Installation Procedure 433S146

2.7 On-site Assembly Procedure 432S055
2.8 Computer Replacement Procedure 398S039
3
DEFINITIONS
3.1
Service Agent: Service personnel that have completed technical training and demonstrated their ability to
complete the requirements for installation and service support. This includes Service Center Technicians,
Technical Support Engineers, and Third Party Service Engineers.
3.2 Devices: any units, assemblies, and accessories.

3.3 Complaint: Actual or potential safety hazard, death or injury above and beyond the intended use.
3.4 Problem: Software/hardware maintenance and/or repair.
3.5
Certified Component: Any component that would require the unit to have a certification label for that part, and
when replaced, would be required to have an FDA 2579 form filled out. (i.e. HV Supply, X-Ray Source, Power
Supply Assembly, and M.I.D. Board)
3.6 HID: Hardware Identification Device.

3.7 RA: Return Authorization number.
3.8
4-Channel or QS: Any system using 3.X.X host software, QuikScan device, any scanner equipped with QS
hardware.
3.9 2-Channel: Any scanner using 2.5.X or lower revision host software.
3.10 Autoset: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and entering
AD. If the response is My then autoset hardware is installed.
3.11 PMT: Photo Multiplier Tube
3.12
Indicates general caution, safety hazard, or information.
3.13
Indicates radiation from laser apparatus.
3.14 The READY light on the scanner front panel indicates the power is applied to the x-ray source.
3.15 The X-RAY light on the scanner front panel indicates the shutter is open and x-rays are being emitted.
3.16 The Laser light on the scanner front panel indicates the laser is turned on.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
4
388S631 REV Q
RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1 The Service Agent is responsible for :
4.1.1 Repairing devices in accordance with this document.
4.1.2 Verifying all tests meet the specifications that are listed.
4.1.3 Completing the paperwork.
4.1.4 (USA only) Delivering the completed Form 2579 to Norland within one week of the activity if a certified
component has been replaced or a stationary scanner is moved to a different location. A replica of this form
is included in this document.
4.1.5 Reporting to Product Support if these assembly instructions do not permit proper support for any device
and/or its certifiable components for any reason.
4.1.6 Handling static sensitive devices with proper precautions.
4.1.7
Exercising electrical, x-ray and mechanical safety precautions when operating or repairing the device.
4.1.8 Returning all defective devices to Norland with a Return Authorization number.
4.2
The Service Agent is not permitted to make any modifications to certified components that could adversely affect
their performance.
PROCEDURE
5.1 After a problem is reported and it is determined that on-site support is required a Service Agent is dispatched.
5.2 Customer Service Dispatch will give the Service Agent all necessary repair information.
5.3 All repairs must be authorized by Norland Customer Service
5.4
To obtain the authorization the customer must talk to Norland technical support, to determine that on-site support
is necessary.
5.5 An authorization number is given to the Service Agent.

5.6 Once on site, the Service Agent notifies Norland dispatch that they have arrived.
5.7 Service Agent allows the customer to communicate his/her concerns with the equipment.
5.8 The problem is recorded on the Service Report.
5.9
Service Agent begins his/her investigation of the customers reported problem, after which the Service Agent
determines the failure/malfunction and records the diagnosis on the Service Report.
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. Avoid unnecessary x-ray exposure. Do not
permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time, especially your hands, arms and head. It is
recommended that you wear a radiation dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure.
CAUTION: Exercise caution while testing the mechanical movement. Keep hands and all objects clear of the
arm assembly while in motion to avoid pinch points.
CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the covers removed. To prevent electrical shock use caution
to avoid contact with exposed components.
5.10 Service Agent proceeds to correct the malfunction. The Service Agent will describe the corrective action taken to
resolve the problem on the Service Report. Including all parts replaced.
5.11 If applicable, when a filter assembly or a source is replaced, the existing certification label for that component is
removed from the scanner. The new label is applied.
5.12 The Service Agent signs the Service Report indicating the scanner is working as intended and the test results
meet the listed specifications. Complete the service report using the Service Report Form Procedure, 900S064.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
5.13 Identify all unused or defective devices returning to Norland with a Return Authorization tag. Refer to the RA
Tag Procedure, 900S023 to complete the RA tag information.
5.14 The Service Agent notifies Norland customer service that the repair is complete before leaving the customer site.
5.15 The authorization number is referenced on the Service Report and invoice.
5.16 The Service Agent sends Norland the appropriate documentation. For USA, send a completed FDA Form 2579
to Norland within seven working days when a stationary scanner is moved or if a source, computer, or beam
limiter is replaced.
6
SERVICE SOFTWARE
SUPPLIES NEEDED:
388A334 XR-Series Service Disk (for 2-channel scanners)
398A020 Generic Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners)
433A165 Service Scanner Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners)
394A067 Service File Tools Disk (all scanners)
!
2-Channel:
Testing for 2-channel scanners will be performed from C:\BD\XRAY directory, using 388A334 XR-Series Service
Disk revision 1.7.0. Type SERVICE to obtain the service tools in the BD\XRAY directory, or change to that
directory (cd\bd\xray) and then type SERVICE. To select a command, type the corresponding number and press
ENTER. The computers communication cable must be on COMM 1 for the 1.7.0 Service tools. If the 1.7.0 Service
Disk is re-installed it is also necessary to reinstall the latest revision of the Service File Tools AFTER the 1.7.0
Service Disk.
388A334 XR-Series Service Disk, revision 1.7.0 installation instructions:
1.
Place the disk in the 'A' drive.
2.
At the DOS prompt type A:INSTALL, then press the enter key. When the XR Series Service Software
Installation screen appears, press any key to continue. Using the up and down arrow keys select appropriate
printer, then press ENTER to continue. When the Installation Complete screen appears press any key to
return to the DOS prompt.
3.
Install the latest revision of the Service File Tools. See instructions below, under All Scanners.
4-Channel:
For 4-channel scanners the testing is performed from the Service Scanner Tools menu. Type XSST to access the
menu. To select a command, press the corresponding letter. Update all 4-channel scanners to the latest revision of
the 433A165 Service Scanner Tools. The latest revision of Generic Tools must be loaded BEFORE the Service
Scanner Tools.
398A020 Generic Tools installation instructions:
1.
Insert the 398A020 GT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to begin installation. At
the first screen reading Norland GT Disk Installation, press any key (except ESC) to continue.
2.
After the installation has finished, press any key to exit to the DOS prompt. Remove the diskette from the
drive.
433A165 Service Scanner Tools (SST) installation instructions:

1.
Insert the Service Scanner Tools disk 1 of 2 into the A drive. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to
begin installation. At the installation screen, press any key (except ESC) to continue.
2.
You will be prompted for which type of printer you have installed. Use the arrow keys to select your
printer from the menu, and press ENTER. If you have any printer from the HP DeskJet series, select HP
DeskJet 500C.
3.
At the tools resolution screen select 800 X 600 and press ENTER.
4.
The files will decompress to the hard drive.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
5.
Insert disk 2 when prompted.
6.
After the installation has finished, press any key to exit. The software will check your computer
configuration for the proper settings. Press ENTER to confirm and ENTER to return to the DOS prompt.
After upgrading the SST software reconfigure the system:

1.
If the file Service.fil does not exist in the C:\XR26\SERVICE directory then create one by selecting
Servfil c -s from the XSST menu. Follow the on-screen prompts. If the scanner does not have an
arm serial number, press enter to leave it blank.
2.
Redefine table limits by selecting TLimit from the XSST menu.
3.
Perform an initial peak by selecting PeakPick from the XSST menu, then press C to select
characterize, and press Y to confirm. When the graph is complete press ENTER to continue. For
DOS computers perform the next step before attempting to print.
4.
For computers with a DOS operating system: edit the Autoexec.bat file to place the line if exists
C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO to the last command.
4.1 At the C:\ prompt type CD\ and press ENTER.
4.2 Type Edit autoexec.bat and press ENTER.
4.3 Use the arrow keys to move to the beginning of the if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO
line.
4.4 Press the Shift, Cntl, and right arrow keys to select (highlight) that line.
4.5 Press the Shift and Del keys to remove the line.
4.6 Press the Del key again to remove the empty space.
4.7 Use the arrow keys to move the cursor below the last line.
4.8 Press the Shift and Ins keys to reinsert the if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO line. It
should now be the last line of text.
4.9 Press Alt to activate the menus, press F to select File, press X to exit, and press ENTER to save
the changes and exit.
4.10Press Cntl, Alt, and Del keys to reboot the computer.
All Scanners:
For all scanners, upgrade to the latest revision of Service File Tools software.
394A067 Service File Tools installation instructions:
1. Insert the 394A067 SFT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL, and press ENTER. At the installation
screen press ENTER to continue.
2. When installation is complete press any key to continue, remove the disk from drive 'A', and reboot the
computer.
Type XSFT to access the Service File Tools menu. To select a command press the corresponding letter.
WIN98 Computers:
To obtain a DOS prompt click on the Windows desktop Tools icon.
To re-initiate the host software, enter EXIT at the DOS prompt, and click on the host software icon.
DOS Computers:
To obtain a DOS prompt (C:\>) click on Exit in the host software.
To re-initiate the host software, type XR, and press ENTER.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
TESTING REQUIREMENTS
The following is a list of the recommended tests to be performed after replacing major components. Refer to the
appropriate section for detail instructions on how to perform the following tests.
All test data and calibration files should be copied to a disk after each repair or scanner move. This disk should be
created after all the testing has been completed. To create this disk, at the C:\ prompt type XMAKEPRD. This disk
should then be labeled with the facility name, scanner serial number, date and reason for the repair. This disk should
be included with all the paperwork and sent back to Norland Customer Service.
(The test specifications are in parenthesis.)

X-ray Source
1. Source Replacement Procedure
2. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure
3. Laser Alignment
4. Set PMT Gains
5. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)
6. Beam Stability Test (Voltage .1, Current 1.5 for2channel) (V.25 and I 3.0 for4-channel)
7. Table Test [differential and integral min/max (+/-) .4]
8. Function Tests
9. Initial Calibration
10. QC Spine Phantom Scans
11. Final Factor ( precision and accuracy OK)
12. If applicable, remove the existing source certification
label from the outside of the scanner and apply the new
one.
13. XMAKEPRD
14. Service Report
15. FDA Form 2579
Main Board
1. Function Tests
2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy OK)
3. Function Test Emergency Shutoff Test Laser and Xray On Tests
4. Move HID device to new board
5. XMAKEPRD
6. Service Report
Motor Driver Board
1. Motor Driver Board Configuration (RA101, RB101,
RC101, RD101)
2. Skip Test
4. XMAKEPRD
5. Service Report
Power Tray
1. Function Tests
2. Daily Calibration
3. XMAKEPRD
4. Service Report
NORLAND
Filter Assembly
2. Laser Alignment
3. Set PMT Gains
6. Remove the existing Beam limiter certification label on
the outside of the scanner and apply the new one.
7. Filter Test
10. Final Factor (precision and accuracy OK)
11. XMAKEPRD
12. Service Report
13. FDA Form 2579
Power Supply Board

1. Function Tests
3. XMAKEPRD
4. Service Report
Photo Multiplier Tubes
2. Set PMT Gain
3. Laser Alignment
9. XMAKEPRD
10. Service Report
Lower Cable
1. Function Tests
3. XMAKEPRD
4. Service Report
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
Charge Amplifier Board
2. Set PMT Gain
3. Laser Alignment
8. XMAKEPRD
9. Service Report
High Voltage Board
2. Laser Alignment
1. Set PMT Gain
8. XMAKEPRD
9. Service Report
PMT Bias Board
2. Laser Alignment
3. Set PMT Gain
8. XMAKEPRD
9. Service Report
Scanner Move
1. Level Scanner
3. Laser Alignment
4. Set PMT Gains
6. Table Test [differential & integral min/max (+/-) .4]
7. Function Tests
8. Current Leakage Test
12. FDA 2579 Form
13. XMAKEPRD
14. Service Report
388S631 REV Q
Upper Cable
1. Function Tests
3. XMAKEPRD
4. Service Report
Computer Replacement
Refer to the 398S039 Computer Replacement Procedure
X-axis Motor or Belt
1. Source/Detectors Alignment Procedure
2. Laser Alignment
3. Daily Calibration or Initial Calibration
4. QC Phantom Scans
6. Service Report
Complete PMT Assembly

2. Laser Alignment
3. Set PMT Gain
5. Table Test [Differential & Integral Min/Max (+/-) .4]
9. XMAKEPRD
10. 10. Service Report
Miscellaneous Repairs
1. Daily Calibration
2. XMAKEPRD
3. Service Report
Preventive Maintenance
1. Computer:
1.1 Scandisk and Xfcheck on all storage media
1.2 Optimize hard drives
1.3 Update service software as required
1.4 AnitVirus check if software is available
2. X-ray Source:
2.1. Check desiccant material [Lorad source only]
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
3.
4.
5.
388S631 REV Q
2.2. Verify proper oil pump operation [Lorad source

only]
2.3. Check fan operation.
2.3. Function Test - Radiation leakage check (< 15 mR)
2.4. Perform Beam Stability Test (Voltage .1,
Current 1.5 for 2-channel) (V.25 and I 3.0 for
4-channel)
Scanner:
3.1. Clean and lubricate the rails
3.2. Table Test [differential & integral min/max (+/-) .4]
3.3. Check Laser Alignment
3.4. Current Leakage Test
3.5. Check all cables for wear and proper connections
3.6. Check belts for proper tension.
3.7. Tighten all hardware and make sure all brackets are
installed.
3.8 Check Xdrift for long term performance
3.9. Set PMT Gains
3.10. Source Count Rate Check.
3.11. Perform a Daily Calibration (Precision and
Accuracy OK)
XMAKEPRD
Service Report
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

This is a quick reference guide for performing the tests. Refer to the appropriate sections for specific details.
SOURCE/ DETECTOR ALIGNMENT

CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATION
EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME,
ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.
!
2-Channel Scanners:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Type, SERVICE, then IS to initialize scanner.

Type IDLE to bring source to idle power (70 kV).
Position scanner arm to middle of table.
Type PEAK to run the peak program, press enter twice the graph is complete.
5.
6.
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE ALIGNMENT COLLET IN.
Type CG to run count graph. Enter min/max. 0,180000. Type Y then press enter for scanner serial number
over 600.
Align source, detectors, and filter assembly for maximum counts (typically 90,000-180,000)
7.
8.
!
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE COLLET.
4-Channel Scanners:
1.
2.
3.
4.
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE ALIGNMENT COLLET IN.
Select the ALIGN command from the XSST menu.
Align source, detectors, and filter assembly for maximum counts (typically 90,000-180,000).
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE COLLET.
PMT GAIN ADJUSTMENT

CAUTION: CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOID
UNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE. STAY CLEAR OF THE BEAM PATH.
!
For Scanners With Autoset Hardware:

1. From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. This will ramp the source to full power and move the source
to the correct peak location. Verify there is nothing in the beam path.
2.
A peak graph will be drawn. The high-energy (1/FL) peak channel should be 2250 50 and the low energy
(1/IL) peak channel should be 1150 50.
3.
If they are correct press Q to quit. Select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system.
After peak has completed then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
4.
If they are not correct, select PAutoSet -R from the XSST menu. This will automatically adjust the gains.
When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak has
completed then press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
! 4-Channel Scanners Without Autoset Hardware:

CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH THE COVER REMOVED. TO PREVENT
ELECTRICAL SHOCK USE CAUTION TO AVOID CONTACT WITH EXPOSED COMPONENTS.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
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Scanners with S/N 3600-5000 and 6600-8000:

1. Select GainPeak from the SST menu.
2. Adjust R23 on the Bias Board until the difference between the peaks is approximately 1100.
3. Adjust R1 on the High Voltage Board until 1/FH peak is 2250 50 and the 1/IH peak is 1150 50.
4. Repeat the GainPeak after each adjustment of R23 or R1.
5. When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak has
Scanners with S/N 1000-2000:
1. Select GainPeak from the XSST menu.
2. Adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS board until the difference between the peaks is approximately
1100.
3. Adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/Laser PS board until 1/FH peak is 2250 50 and the 1/IH peak is 1150 50.
4. Repeat the GainPeak after each adjustment of R1 or R3.
5. When it is finished select PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize the system. After peak has
! PMT Gain Adjustment For 2-Channel Scanners:
CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN WORKING WITH THE COVER REMOVED. TO PREVENT
ELECTRICAL SHOCK USE CAUTION TO AVOID CONTACT WITH EXPOSED COMPONENTS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Enter the following commands, SERVICE, IS

Enter 12 to select Gains from the 1.7.0 Service menu.
Position the arm to a convenient location
Set the oscilloscope to 1 volt/div., .2 us/div, and AC input coupling
Measurement will be taken on the 398A001 main board at TP5 & TP6 and ground at TP1; and at R19 and
R37 on the 388A004 main board.
Adjust R23 on the PMT Bias board to obtain equal amplitudes, and adjust R1 on the PMT HV Bd to obtain
amplitude of 2 volts for 398A001 main board; or 4 volts on the 388A004 main board.
SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK

! 2-Channel:
1. Place the tabletop on the scanner, and put the calibration standard in place.
2. Position the laser over point A on the calibration standard
3. At the DOS prompt enter SERVICE, then FULL to bring the source to full power, PEAK to run the peak
program, press enter twice when the graph is complete, and CR to start the count graph program.
4. When prompted enter 5 for the interval and 7 for the filter number.
5. Let the program run for approx. 6 lines, then press enter to stop the program and press the Print Screen key
to obtain the printout.
6. The limits for low energy (second column) are 550000 750000.
!
4-Channel Scanners:
1. Select CRcheck from the XSST menu.
2. With the tabletop in place, position the laser over point A on the calibration standard. Press MARK.
3. Verify the Init 1 is 550000 750000.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
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STABILITY TEST
! 2-Channel Scanners:
1. Enter SERVICE, and then FULL to bring the source to full power.
2. Make sure the tabletop is on, place the QC Phantom in the middle of the table, turn the laser on and position it
through just the acrylic part of the QC phantom.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
!
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE STABILITY COLLET IN.
Type PEAK to run the peak program, press enter twice when the graph is complete.
Type PA to set the DACs
Type MON to start the program, follow the prompts to press ENTER to continue. Press F1 to create a new
file, and then enter the source S/N. Let test run for hour.
Press ENTER to exit the test.
To obtain the printout type MON then press F1 to obtain menu the hidden menu, F1 for auto scaled limit, F4
to view last file, then F7 to print.
The limits are voltage should be less than .1 and current less than 1.5
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE COLLET.
4-Channel Scanners:
1. Select MON_STAB from the XSST menu.
2. Follow the on-screen prompts, and press Y to characterize the scanner and 0 (zero) for cool down time.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN PUT THE STABILITY COLLET IN.
After 30 minutes press Q to quit.
Verify theVoltage .25 %, and Current 3.0%.
MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE COLLET.
TABLE TEST (RAIL ALIGNMENT)

CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHILE TESTING THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT. KEEP HANDS
AND ALL OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE ARM ASSEMBLY WHILE IN MOTION TO AVOID PINCH POINTS.
UNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE.
! 2-Channel Scanners:
1. Type SERVICE and then press ENTER to access the service menu.
2. Type 3 to begin the table test. This will set the x-ray to full power, run the peak program and find the table
limits. Follow the on-screen prompts.
3. When prompted for the following questions, press ENTER at each question to accept the default.
R for rail alignment, A to acquire, type in the scanner serial number, and C for coarse scan.
4. Follow the on-screen prompts to remove the calibration standard and the tabletop. Press the MARK button to
mark the reference point.
5. Upon completion of the graph press F5 differential/integral, press F5 again for min/max, then press F7 to
print. When done printing press F9 to exit. The limits are .4/-. 4 for the two bottom graphs.
!
4-Channel Scanners:
1. Select TLimit from the XSST menu.
2. Select TABLE w from the XSST menu.
3. When the test is complete press ENTER twice to display plots. Press P to print.
4. The limits are .4.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
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SKIP TEST
! 2-CHANNEL:
1. Enter SERVICE, and then SKIPTEST to begin the program
2. Follow the on-screen prompts, answer Y if it is a full-length table (XR36 or XR26) and N if it is a not a fulllength scanner (Eclipse). Answer N to loop continuously.
3. When prompted, mark the reference point. Put a piece of tape on the tabletop and mark where the laser hits it.
4. When the test is done, verify that the laser is back at the marked location.
!
4-CHANNEL:
1. Select TLimit from the XSST menu.
2. Select SkipTest from the XSST menu.
3. Enter 1 for number of times to run the test.
4. Enter N to check each portion of test.
5. Enter H for high speed.
6. Mark laser location on tabletop.
7. When the test is done, verify that the laser is back at the marked location.
FILTER TEST
!
2-CHANNEL:
1. Enter SERVICE, FULL, PEAK and 10 to select Filttest from the 1.7.0 Service menu.
2. Mark points A and B on the calibration standard.
3. Perform test and print results (press P) for filter 1, 2, and 3.
4. Verify that filter 1 moves into the beam path in 7 ms and out within 6.5 ms. Verify that filters 2 and 3
move into the beam path in 8 ms and out within 6.5 ms.
4-CHANNEL:
1. Select FiltTest from the XSST menu.
2. Enter A for ALL.
3. Mark points A and B on the calibration standard.
4. On all 4 printouts, verify that the samarium has moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom
plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved completely out of the beam path within 8 ms. (upper
plateau edge). Confirm that here is no plateau shift in the 8 to 20 ms timeframe. While viewing the 1-3
max/min plots, verify that there are no count rage variations that exceed 50% of the count rate range.
5. Press any key to continue.
6. Press Q to quit. Press any key to continue.
7. Attach the printouts to the Service Report.
INITIAL CALIBRATION AND FINAL FACTOR

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
NORLAND
At the DOS prompt, type FF_SET. Set the BMC (and optional Fat and Lean) factor to the default of 1.000.
The calibration file needs to be renamed. At the C:/XR26 prompt type: REN CALIB.FILL
CAL(DATE).FIL. (i.e. ren calib.fil cal1020.fil, if the done on Oct 20th.)
Initiate the host software and under the Setup Menu , select FIND TABLE DIMENSIONS
When it completes defining the table dimensions, select BEGIN QA to start the calibration. Clear tabletop of
everything except for the calibration standard.
IMPORTANT: POST SIGNS THAT ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE THAT INDICATE X-RAYS ARE
BEING EMITTED AND THE SCANNER MUST NOT BE DISTURBED DURING THE INITIAL
CALIBRATION.
When the calibration is complete, select CANCEL to cancel the QC Scan. Go to the QA menu and select
SCAN QC PHANTOM. Enter 25 for the number of repetitions. .
Exit to DOS. At the C:/ prompt type FF_SET, answer Y for yes to have anew BMC Factor (lean and fat if
applicable) computed, answer Y again to accept the propose factor.
PAGE 13
REPAIR PROCEDURE
8.
388S631 REV Q
Initiate the host software and under the QA menu select Scan QC Phantom. If time permits enter 16, otherwise
enter 3 or more. Verify the precision and accuracy for BMD (and optional fat and lean) are OK.
REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD

Before replacing the source control board measure the test points listed below to determine if replacing the source control
board will fix the problem or ensure the new source control board will not be damaged.
9.1 Measure the following voltages on the source control board. The source can be at full x-ray power or zero power.
If any of the voltages are missing, and the correct voltage is at the P10 (red/black and white/green wires),
replacing the control board will fix the problem:
TEST POINT (TP)
1
19
26
27
31
21
Pin 4 of U18
VOLTAGE RANGE
+24 to 40
+9 to 11
+4.98 to 5.02
-9 to 11
-14 to 16
14.9 to 15.1
5.87 to 6.11
DESCRIPTION
Main Power Input
+10 Volt Reference
+5 Volt Reference
-10 Volt Supply
-15 Volt Supply
+15 Volt Supply
9.2 Before replacing the source control board check the components listed below to ensure the new control board does
not get damaged. If the following checks fail then replace the entire source.
9.2.1 Verify Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q3 are not shorted:
Note: Q1 and Q2 will only have 15 ohms of resistance from leads 1 to 3, Pin 3 of Q3 and Q4 should be at
ground potential. All other leads should have at least 5 K ohms when testing from one lead to the other.
9.2.2 Verify the accumulator bag does not have air in it.
Note: This can be inspected visually by looking at the tube running from the accumulator bag to the tank of
the source. If the tube has more than inch of air there may be air in the source tank. Air in the tank will
cause problems with the voltage transformers in the source.
9.3 If the control board is replaced, the following voltages should be checked immediately. If the voltages are
incorrect, the system should be powered down and the source replaced.
TEST POINT (TP)
20
25
22
29
23
24
10
VOLTAGE RANGE
+3.92 to 4.08
-3.6 to 4.4
-4.85 to 5.14
4.77 to 5.23
4.89 to 5.18
4.88 to 5.19
DESCRIPTION
X-ray Voltage
X-ray Voltage
X-ray Current Anode
X-ray Current Anode
X-ray Current Cathode
X-ray Current Cathode
SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiation
dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time,
especially your hands, arms and head.
IDENTIFICATION:
Lorad X-ray Source = Model number TXR26
Norland X-ray Source = Model numbers 391A051, 391A051J, or 391A168
NORLAND
PAGE 14
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:
10.1 Refer to Source Wiring Diagram Section
10.2 If the original source is a Lorad and has desiccator tubes, turn the valve to the closed position.
10.3 For all models, disconnect and remove the original source from the scanner.
10.4 Place the new x-ray source onto the source mounting plate on the arm carriage. Align the source so the bottom
mounting tabs fit into the notches on the source mounting plate. Temporarily center the source on the plate.
10.5 Attach source to the mounting plate, using the following hardware, but do not tighten:
#6020371 - Screw - socket hd 1/4"-20 x 1-3/8" (Qty. 2)
#6460006 - Washer - 1/4 flat washer, SAE (Qty. 2)
10.6 Remove the source top cover.
CAUTION: DO NOT OPERATE THE NORLAND SOURCE WITHOUT THE TOP COVER INSTALLED,
BECAUSE THE FAN GUARD IS NOT IN PLACE.
10.7 If replacing a Lorad source with a Norland source configure filter assembly and source correctly:
If it is installed, remove the lead filter plate from the bottom of the filter casting assembly.
Push the roll pin flush to the bottom surface of the filter casting assembly.
10.8 If installing a Norland source into a scanner with S/N lower than 600 (Low Intensity) and that has not been
upgraded to High Intensity or High Speed, configure the attenuator plugs accordingly (refer to chart). Remove
the snap ring in the well of the source, and remove the samarium canister. For scanner serial numbers less than
500 install the smaller plastic plug provided. If scanner serial number is 500 to 599 install the larger plastic plug.
Reinstall the snap ring. Cut one end of R195 on the source control board (not necessary for source 391A051J, the
resistor is already cut). R195 is located between R187 and TP33.
Secure or protect the resistor from shorting to another component, and cut the resistor so it may be reattached for
future use if necessary.
SCANNER SERIAL NUMBER
Scanner S/N lower than 500 or that has NOT
been converted to New Beam Geometry,
High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed.
Scanner S/N 500 to 599, or any scanner upgraded
to New Beam Geometry. (Finland and USA)
Scanner S/N higher than 600 or that has been
converted to High Intensity (Mark II) or
High Speed.
NORLAND SOURCE
Remove the samarium canister, install
the smaller of the two plugs
provided, and cut one end or R195.
Remove the samarium canister, install
the larger of the two plugs provided,
and cut one end of R195.
No change to the source is required.
10.9 Referring to SOURCE WIRING DIAGRAM section, center the filter casting assembly on the source with the
filter wiring exiting to the right side of the source. Secure the filter assembly using the following hardware:
6604206 - Screws (Qty 3)
6460006 - Washers (Qty 3)
10.10 Referring to diagrams below, connect the various connectors and wires to specified locations as shown. Secure
the middle cable assembly to the source.
CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the cover removed. To prevent electrical shock use caution to
avoid contact with exposed components.
10.11 Attach the red connector to the source control board P11.
10.12 Attach the ground wire to the right side of the source with screw and lock washer.
NORLAND
PAGE 15
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
10.13 Attach the red/black and green/white wires.

10.13.1 For sources with the terminal block on the back cover: Loosen the source back cover enough to attach the
red/black and green/white wires to the terminal block on the source back cover. The red/black should be
on the left side when standing in front of the scanner (same side as the red wire on the terminal below).
The green /white wires should on the right side (same side as the white wire).
Red Wire
White Wire
10.13.2 For all other scanners attach the wires directly to P10 of the source control board. The red/black wires go
to the top pin and green/white wires go to the bottom. The middle pin is not used. See diagram below.
Green Connector, P10

Red and Black wires
Green Connector, P10
Green and White wires
Ground
Strap
Red Connector to P11
10.14 Secure the scanner middle cable to the source back panel using two cable ties.
10.15 Place the lead filter cover over the filter assembly and secure in place with top cover.
10.16 If there is an extra source certification label taped to the top of the source, apply it to the outside of the scanner.
If there is an existing source certification label on the scanner it must be removed or covered with the new label.
For scanners with S/N 1000-2000 and higher than 8000, apply it to the right side panel, below the last label
under the power switch. For scanners with S/N 3000-8000 apply it to the back riser, under the scanner
certification label. Refer to the Regulatory Label Location section.
NOTE: BEFORE RAMPING UP THE X-RAY TO ANY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE THE X-RAY SOURCE
MUST BE ALLOWED TO REACH ROOM TEMPERATURE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT IN
PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE X-RAY TUBE.
CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT RUN THIS OR ANY OTHER TEST THAT
REQUIRES THE X-RAY SOURCE TO OPERATE WITHOUT THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN PLACE.
NORLAND
PAGE 16
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
10.17 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.
10.18 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Report to
Norland within 7 days.
11
FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT

There are three part numbers:
388A053
Mark I (Original Beam Geometry)
388A350
Mark II (New Beam Geometry)
387A044
High Speed (Dynamic Filtration)
These parts are not compatible and the replacement filter assembly must be the same part.
The 387A044 is a filter assembly with matching circuit board. The board is attached to the top of the scanner main
board. They are matched at the factory and must remain a set. If the filter assembly is replaced the board must also
be replaced.
11.1 Remove the original filter assembly, and matching board (only for 387A044). Keep the original hardware.
11.2 If the filter assembly is being replaced in a system with a Lorad source (Model number TXR26) then remove the
lower lead cover from the bottom of the original filter assembly and attach it to the new one.
CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT OPERATE THE X-RAY SOURCE
WITHOUT THE FILTER ASSEMBLY AND THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN PLACE.
11.3 Center the new filter assembly on the source and secure with the original mounting hardware.
11.4 Replace the lead filter cover.
11.5 Remove the original beam limiter certification label from the outside of the scanner. Fill in the appropriate
information on the new label and apply it where the original label was removed.
11.6 Perform all the tests listed in the Testing Requirements section of this procedure.
11.7 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Report to
Norland within 7 days.
12
PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT
IDENTIFICATION:
Top PMT (High Energy)

Bottom PMT (Low Energy)
NORLAND PART
NUMBERS
4909050
4909051
433D110
MODEL NUMBER
PART NUMBER
(on label)
(on label)
1 XM.276/1.5A-X or 300-1082
300-1128
1 XM. 010/1.5A-XX or 300-1081
300-1127
Only to be used in QS (4-Channel scanners)
If the low energy PMT has a model number 1 XM. 010/1.5A-X (one X at the end) and a serial number with letters
before JJ then it can only be used for two channel (non-QS) scanners.
If the low energy PMT has a part number 433D110 written on it. It can only be used for QS scanners.
All other PMTs can be used in any scanner.
Note: For scanners with S/N <300 replace both tubes to accommodate the difference in length between the original and
new PMTs.
NORLAND
PAGE 17
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:
12.1 To make sure the new PMTs are reseated completely, mark the placement of the tube that is not being replaced.
12.2 Remove the hardware that secure the boards to the PMT holder.
12.3 Slide the boards and PMTs out of the holder.
12.4
CAUTION: DO NOT DISCONNECT THE UPPER CABLE CONNECTOR FROM THE BOARD IF
POSSIBLE.
NOTE: CAREFUL NOT TO DROP THE INTER BOARD SPACERS.
12.5
12.6 Replace the defective PMT. Make sure the PMTs are the same length.
12.7 Replace the original hardware.
12.8
CAUTION: IF THE UPPER CABLE HAD BEEN REMOVED FROM THE BOARD, VERIFY THAT
IT IS NOT RECONNECTED ONE PIN OFF.
12.9 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.
13
LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.
13.1 Remove the defective laser diode by removing the two set screws on the bottom of the shutoff block and
disconnecting the connector.
13.2 Install the new laser diode module into the shutoff block with the dimple on the front ring facing either of the
slots in the block.
13.3 Secure laser diode with the two set screws.
LASER DIODE.
DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN OR IT WILL SHORT THE
13.4 Reattach the connector.

13.5 Align the laser, perform a daily calibration, and complete a Service Report.
14
MAIN BOARD IDENTIFICATION

2-Channel and a 388A004 Main Board Replace with a 388A004 main board. If a 388A004 board is not available
it can be replaced with a 398A001 QS main board if a 398A003 QS charge amp board, and a 388A002 Bias board
revision H or higher are also installed. The jumpers J1 and J2 must be installed on the Charge Amp board. The
398A003 QS charge amp board and the 388A004 main board are not compatible.
Eclipse With Serial Numbers higher than 3500 and XR36 With Serial Numbers higher than 6500 Part number
398A001 main board.
If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board or
special options will not be enabled.
Scanners with S/N 1000 to 2000 or over 8000 Part number 433A080. (The 433A080 and the 398A001 QS main
board look the same, but are not compatible. The easiest way to identify a 433A080 main board is to verify the
firmware is 433A082 and 433A081.)
If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board or
special options will not be enabled.
NORLAND
PAGE 18
REPAIR PROCEDURE
15
388S631 REV Q
MOTOR DRIVER BOARD CONFIGURATION
The 387A017 motor driver board is backward compatible with all scanners.
Use the 387A075 upgrade kit to replace a 388A006 motor driver board.
For scanners with 2 amp motors the 387A017 motor driver board must be programmed. Refer to table below to
remove the correct resistors.
X-Axis
Y-Axis
Stepper
Motor
Output
Current
2A
2A
1.33A
1.33A
0 Ohm Resistors
To
cut
and
remove
RA101, RB101
RC101, RD101
Approximate location of the 0-ohm resistors on the motor driver board.

RC101
RD101
P3
P1
P2
VR2
RA101
NORLAND
RB101
PAGE 19
REPAIR PROCEDURE
16
388S631 REV Q
LEVEL SCANNER
16.1 MODEL XR26:
16.1.1
Level the scanner by placing a bubble level on the source plate, and moving the arm source plate to the
center of the scanner. Adjust all four corner levelers until the rollers are off the floor or the frame is 2"
off the floor and the frame is level in the X and Y-axis. Place the level on each perimeter edge of the
frame and verify that all four positions are level. If the scanner is not level, adjust the appropriate levelers
and also re-verify that the source plate is level in the X and Y-axis.
16.1.2
Lower the center levelers until they touch the floor. Re-verify the scanner is level.
16.2 ALL OTHER MODELS:
17
16.2.1
Set the scanner in its selected location, and move the arm to the center of the table. Adjust both left and
right rear levelers to a height of approximately 1.5 inches below the bottom of the frame.
16.2.2
Place the bubble level in the Y axis direction on top of the arm base-plate and adjust rear levelers until the
scanner is level.
16.2.3
Next move the bubble level to the X axis direction (while still on the arm base-plate) and adjust the front
middle leveler(s) until bubble position is correct.
16.2.4
Now turn down the remaining levels, two front outside and the middle level(s) in the rear, just enough to
relieve any excessive stress points. Re-verify the scanner is level in both X and Y-axis.
WIRING DIAGRAMS
Limit Switch Wires for XR26, XR36, and Eclipse Scanners
Wire Colors (from left):

BLACK, GREEN, WHITE, RED
NORLAND
PAGE 20
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
LORAD SOURCE (MODEL TXR26):
NORLAND
PAGE 21
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
NORLAND SOURCE (MODEL #391A051 OR 391A168):
Green Connector,
Red and Black wires
Green Connector,
Green and White wires
Ground
Strap
Red 4-Pin Connector
NORLAND
PAGE 22
REPAIR PROCEDURE
18
388S631 REV Q
SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT IS

RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATION
EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME,
ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.
18.1 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 4-CHANNEL
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)
18.1.1
Center the X-ray source on the source mounting plate, so that the bottom mounting tabs of the source are
centered on the mounting screws from front to back. See FIG 1-B.
18.1.2
Remove the arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36 remove the front panel from the upper arm cover and reattach it to the connector on the arm.
18.1.3
Select the Align program from the XSST menu. This will initialize the scanner, apply power to the x-ray
source, run the PEAK and the count graph program.
18.1.4
When prompted to put in the correct collet, tape the Beam Alignment Collet (388D454, found in the back
of the Operators Guide) into the aperture of the lower lead plate of the detector assembly. See Figure 3E, and 3-D.
18.1.5
Select C for course scale from the menu.
18.1.6
Move the scanner arm and source to the desired location. Press the Mark button on the front panel of
the scanner to begin the count graph.
18.1.7
Loosen the Belt Retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. See FIG 3-B.
18.1.8
Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum counts. The count rate is
middle number on the right side of the display. The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000
and 180,000. FIG 3-C.
18.1.9
Fasten down the Belt Retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.1.10 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws, move the source
from side to side to obtain the maximum counts. See FIG 1-B. (If the source cannot be moved to one side
enough to obtain maximum counts, then it may be necessary to remove the lead filter cover, then loosen
and adjust the filter casting assembly).
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY
SOURCES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY
RADIATION EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY
TIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.
18.1.11 Loosen the Belt Retainer Plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source
left to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.1.12 Press the letter Q to exit the program. Press Q again to turn the source off.
18.1.13
CAUTION: VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Then follow the prompt to REMOVE THE
ALIGNMENT COLLET (see FIG 2-D) and press any key to continue.
Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.
NORLAND
PAGE 23
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
18.2 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS AND S/N 500 OR HIGHER
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)
18.2.1
Remove the upper and lower arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36, remove the front panel from the upper
arm cover and reattach it to the front panel cable.
18.2.2
Enter SERVICE at the DOS prompt.
18.2.3
Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner. After the scanner has found the table origin move the
scanner arm to the front and center of the table for alignment.
18.2.4
Tape the Beam Alignment Collet, found in the back of the Operator's Guide, into the lower lead plate of
the detector assembly. For scanners with s/n 500-599 use Beam Alignment collet, 388D374. For
scanners with s/n higher then 599 use collet 388D454 (see figure 3-E). When taping the collet in place be
careful not to tape to or damage the fluoroscopic screen. See FIG 3-D.
18.2.5
Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma. (Wait one minute for the source
to ramp up.)
18.2.6
Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTER
key twice to set the two discriminator levels.
18.2.7
Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000,
and press ENTER.
18.2.8
Enter Y when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "Y" the CG program will automatically
select filter 4.
18.2.9
Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit into
the belt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holder
assembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THE
BEAM PATH.
18.2.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum Total on-screen counts.
The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 and 180,000. FIG 3-C.
18.2.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.2.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the source
from side to side to obtain the maximum total counts. See FIG1-B.
18.2.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source left
to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.2.14 Press ENTER to exit the "CG" program.
18.2.15
VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET from the lower
collimator plate and return it to the Operator's Guide. See FIG 3-D.
18.2.16 Reinstall the upper arm cover. Be very careful to reconnect the front panel so that you are not one pin
off.
18.3 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR SCANNERS WITH S/N 499 OR LOWER
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Brass Alignment Collet (388D178)
18.3.1
Remove the upper and lower arm covers. Move the scanner arm to a convenient location for alignment.
18.3.2
At the 'C>' prompt, type SERVICE, then press the ENTER key. The "Norland XR-Series Diagnostic
Menu" should appear on the screen.
NORLAND
PAGE 24
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
18.3.3
Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner.
18.3.4
Remove the lower lead collimator plate from the PMT holder (will be replaced and aligned in a later
step). See FIG 3-A.
18.3.5
Place the Brass Alignment Collet (388D178, found at the back of the Operator's Guide) into the hole in
the top of the filter casting assembly. See FIG 2-B.
18.3.6
Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma.
18.3.7
Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTER
key twice to set the two discriminator levels.
18.3.8
Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.
Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automatically
select filter 3.
18.3.9
Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit into the
belt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holder
assembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THE
BEAM PATH.
18.3.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum Total on-screen counts. The
count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 - 150,000. FIG 3-C.
18.3.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.3.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the source
from side to side to obtain the maximum Total counts. See FIG 1-B.
18.3.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source left
to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.3.14 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program and close the shutter. Replace the lower collimator plate,
but do not tighten screws.
18.3.15 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.
Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automatically
select filter 3.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO AVOID GETTING IN
THE BEAM PATH.
18.3.16 Adjust the lower lead collimator plate position for maximum Total on-screen count rate. Tighten the
lower lead collimator plate screws.
18.3.17 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program.
18.3.18
VERIFY THAT THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, then REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET and return
it to the Operator's Guide. See FIG 2-B.
NORLAND
PAGE 25
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
FIGURE 1
NORLAND
PAGE 26
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
FIGURE 2
NORLAND
PAGE 27
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
FIGURE 3
388D454
Beam Alignment Collet 8.7 MM.
(ACTUAL SIZE)
NORLAND
PAGE 28
REPAIR PROCEDURE
19
388S631 REV Q
LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
The following procedure is for proper alignment of the laser.

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: 5/64 ALLEN WRENCH
19.1 Turn on the laser.
19.2 Slightly loosen the two screws that hold the laser block.
19.3 Adjust the laser using the four Allen screws in the back of the laser shut-off block. The laser must pass through
the center of the hole in the top of the filter assembly.
19.4 Tighten the two laser block screws. Make sure the laser stays centered in the hole of the filter assembly. Note:
Make sure the laser diode is tight in the laser block and that it cannot turn inside the block
20
SET PMT GAINS

This procedure is used to set the photomultiplier tube gain circuit.
20.1 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR SCANNERS WITH AUTOSET HARDWARE
NOTE: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and entering AD.
If the response is My then autoset hardware is installed.
20.1.1
From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. Verify there is nothing in the beam path (tabletop is
permitted).
20.1.2
A peak graph will be drawn. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be 2250 50 and the low
energy peak channel ( 1/IL) should be 1150 50. Refer to GainPeak Example for location of the values.
20.1.3
If they are not correct then select PAutoSet R to set the detector gain. If they are correct skip to the
next line.
20.1.4
When autoset is complete select PeakPick to perform an initial peak.
20.1.5
Enter C to characterize the system. Press Y to confirm.
20.1.6
After the spectrum is displayed verify the 1/FL Peak is 2250 25, and the 1/IL Peak is 1150 25. If they
are not correct repeat the PautoSet R command.
20.1.7
Press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
20.2 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR 4-CHANNEL AND WITHOUT AUTOSET HARDWARE

CAUTION: USE INSULATED POT TRIM TOOL WHEN ADJUSTING POTENTIOMETERS TO PREVENT
ELECTRICAL SHOCK. CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOID
20.2.1
Remove the upper arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36 scanners, remove the front panel from the arm
cover and re-attach it to the upper arm cable.
20.2.2
From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. Verify there is nothing in the beam path (tabletop is
permitted).
20.2.3
A peak graph will be drawn. Refer to the example below. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be
2250 50 and the low energy peak channel (1/IL) should be 1150 50.
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
GAINPEAK EXAMPLE
2250 50
1150 50
20.2.4
If they are correct press Q to quit and return to the XSST menu. Perform an initial peak to characterize
the system by selecting PeakPick, pressing C to characterize, and Y to confirm. After the spectrum is
displayed verify the values are correct and press P to print a hard copy. See the Characterize (Initial) Peak
Example below. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
20.2.5
If they are not correct follow the steps below to adjust the peaks. The separation between peaks should be
1100 25 channels. If the separation is not within that range, adjust the balance potentiometer. For
scanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS boards, and for Eclipse scanners
(S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (6600-8000) adjust R23 on the Bias Board. Use the following table
as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit). Press any key and R to repeat the
GainPeak and pot adjustment until the channel separation is within range.
CAUTION: DO NOT MAKE THE ADJUSTMENTS WITH THE SHUTTER OPEN TO AVOID
Balance Pot
Direction
Number of
Adjustment
Of Peak
Channels
T CW
High Energy:
Low Energy:
100
50
100
50
T CCW
NORLAND
High Energy:
Low Energy:
PAGE 30
REPAIR PROCEDURE
20.2.6
388S631 REV Q
Next adjust the HV potentiometer. For scanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/Laser
PS Board, for Eclipse scanners (S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (S/N 6600-8000) adjust R1 on the
High Voltage Board. Obtain a high energy peak channel of 2250 50 and a low energy peak channel of
1150 50. Use the following table as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit).
Press any key and R to repeat the GainPeak and pot adjustment until the amplitude is within range.
High Voltage Pot

Adjustment
Direction
Of Peak
Number of
Channels
T CW
High Energy:
Low Energy:
400
200
400
200
T CCW
High Energy:
Low Energy:
20.2.7
When the values are correct press Q to quit the GainPeak program.
20.2.8
Perform an initial peak, by selecting PeakPick from the XSST menu. Press C to characterize, and Y to
confirm. After the spectrum is displayed verify the values are correct and press P to print a hardcopy and
attach it to the Service Report.
CHARACTERIZE (INITIAL) PEAK EXAMPLE
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
20.3
388S631 REV Q
PROCEDURE FOR 2- CHANNEL SCANNERS
SUPPLIES NEEDED: OSCILLOSCOPE,

OSCILLOSCOPE PROBE, 1X
20.3.1
60 MHz
The communication cable must be on COMM 1. Enter the following commands:

SERVICE, press ENTER, to access the 1.7.0 Service menu
12 to select Gains
20.3.2
When asked, Do you have scanner serial number 600 or higher?, do not respond.
20.3.3
Position the arm in convenient location and make sure the beam path is cleared.
20.3.4
Set the oscilloscope to .5 volt/div., .2 us./div., and AC input coupling.
20.3.5
Adjustment procedure:
Balance: R23 on PMT Bias Board OR R4 on the Charge Amplifier board, depending on the system
configuration, is adjusted to obtain equal amplitude on both channels.
Gain: R1 on the PMT HV Board is adjusted to obtain amplitude of 2.0 or 4.0 volts, depending on the
type of main board.
20.3.6
View the signal on TP5 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R19 on the 388A001 main board
(see figure 20-2). Connect the ground lead to TP1 on the 398A001 main board and AGND on the
388A001 main board.
20.3.7
Switch the scope probe to TP6 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R37 (see figure 20-2) on the
388A001 main board.
20.3.8
Adjust R23 on the PMT Bias Board or R4 on the Charge Amplifier board (depending on the system
configuration) until both signals are the same amplitude.
20.3.9
After the signals are balanced then adjust R1 on the PMT High Voltage Board for the correct amplitude.
For 398A001 main board adjust the upper peak to 2 volts in both channels from the baseline to the middle
of the upper peak pulse cluster, similar in shape to figure 20-3. For 388A001 main board adjust the upper
peak for 4 volts and lower peak to 2 volts. See figure 20-3.
20.3.10 Readjust the balance and the gain as required to obtain the correct level for both signals. Press ENTER
twice to exit.
20.3.11 Remove the scope probes and replace the protective screen.
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
FIGURE 20-2
FIGURE 20-3
Note: If using
Host Software 2.5.2 AND QS
Hardware - 398A001 main bd,
with jumpers installed on the
charge amp bd adjust:
UPPER PEAK 2.0 0.1V
LOWER PEAK 1.0 0.1V
NORLAND
PAGE 33
REPAIR PROCEDURE
21
388S631 REV Q
SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK

The purpose of the source count rate check is to optimize the count rates.
21.1 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS
21.1.1
Install the tabletop.
21.1.2
At the XSST menu select CRcheck. Follow the prompts to set the calibration standard in the calibration
position. Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard. Press the
Mark button to begin the count rates.
21.1.3
The source will ramp to full power, and the source will move to the back of the scanner to perform gain
adjustment. Verify there is nothing but the tabletop in the beam path.
21.1.4
The arm will move back to the calibration standard and begin counting. Verify the Init1 count rate
listed under the COUNT RATE MEANS (5th column) is in the approximate range of 550000-750000
counts. If the count rate is acceptable press Q and then ENTER to quit.
If the count rate is not acceptable then turn the scanner off, remove the source control board cover,
and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 is Low, and J4 is medium output. The
jumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing in back of the scanner). Refer to the
drawing at the end of this section.
Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still not correct then contact Norland
Customer Service for assistance.
Press Q to quit the count rate program and then press any key to return to the XSST menu.
21.2 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS

21.2.1
Set the table top onto the scanner.
21.2.2
Place the calibration standard in position
21.2.3
21.2.4
At the C> prompt the following commands:

Service
Is
Full
Peak
When the peak graph is completed, press ENTER twice.
21.2.5
Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard.
21.2.6
Enter CR to measure the count rate, enter an interval of 5 seconds and filter 7.
21.2.7
The low energy count rate must be in the range of 550000-750000 counts. . (The count rates are
displayed as High Energy, Low Energy).
21.2.8
If the count rate is acceptable press ENTER to exit. Type OFF and press ENTER to power down the
source.
If the count rate is not correct, change the jumper on the source control board; turn the scanner off,
remove the source control board cover, and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 is
Low, and J4 is medium output. The jumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing in
back of the scanner). Refer to the drawing at the end of this section.
Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still incorrect contact Norland Customer
Service for assistance.
Press ENTER to exit the CR program.
21.2.9
NORLAND
It testing is complete, replace the upper and lower arm covers.
PAGE 34
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE JUMPERS ON THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD.
Source Control Board
LEDs
P12
J2
J3
J4
NORLAND
PAGE 35
REPAIR PROCEDURE
22
388S631 REV Q
BEAM STABILITY TEST

Beam stability is used to determine the current and voltage fluctuations of the x-ray source.
CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. AVOID
UNNECESSARY EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR
BODY AT ANY TIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATION EXPOSURE.
22.1 BEAM STABILITY TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Source Test Collet 388D455
22.1.1
From the XSST menu select Mon_Stab to start the stability test. When asked, Do you wish to
characterize the scanner, type Y for yes, and press ENTER.
22.1.2
Type 0 (zero) and press ENTER for cool down time, if the source is cool. If cool down time is needed
enter 1-9 for hours, or 10 and higher for minutes.
IMPORTANT: If the source is warm, it must be completely cooled to ambient temperature.

DISPLAYED INSTRUCTIONS:
This test runs for about 9 minutes.
1: The tabletop is optional.
2: Plastic is required:
REQUIRED ACTION:
Install the tabletop.
Either place the small plastic attenuator on top of the

source,
-orPosition the QC phantom such that the laser is in the
Acrylic (clear plastic, or soft tissue) of the phantom.
For scanners with the clear acrylic QC phantom place

the QC phantom on the table, move the arm to position
the laser in the plastic (not bone).
3: Tape the source test collet into the hole in the lower
aperture.
Mark to continue
Turn the laser on:
For scanners with the black QC phantom place the

calibration standard on the tabletop in the calibration
position, move the laser to point A on the calibration
standard.
Verify the shutter is closed and tape the source test collet
(388D455, found in the back of the Operator's Manual,
see figure below) into the lower opening of the detector
assembly (see FIG 2-D in the Source/Detector
Alignment section).
Press the Mark button to begin testing.
388D455
Stability Test Collet
22.1.3
NORLAND
The XRAYFACT will complete in approximately 9 minutes and the stability test will automatically start.
For approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed on the right side of the screen. After the
two minutes a graph will appear. Allow the software to gather data for 30 minutes. During this time,
make sure the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam path.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
22.1.4
After 30 minutes press Q to quit the stability graph. The graph will automatically print. Press any key to
return to the XSST menu.
22.1.5
Verify there is less than .25% change for voltage TTL % and less than 3.0% change for current TTL%.
These values are displayed in the upper left corner. See example below.
22.1.6
If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collets have been used for
alignment and for the stability test. Check the source alignment and if you are able to achieve more
counts, then cool the source for several hours to room temperature and rerun the stability test.
22.1.7
VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE SOURCE TEST COLLET FROM
THE LOWER APERTURE.
STABILITY TEST EXAMPLE (4-CHANNEL)
Voltage Limit 0.25%
Current limit 3.0%
22.2 BEAM STABILITY FOR 2-CHANNEL

SUPPLIES NEEDED: For scanner S/N 600 or above - Source Test Collet 388D455
Note: If unit has been on such that it has warmed up, the x-ray unit must be completely turned off to allow it
to cool to ambient temperature
22.2.1
Enter the following commands:

Service
Is
Full
Peak
(After the graph is complete, press ENTER twice to set the two discriminators.)
22.2.2
NORLAND
Install the tabletop. Place the QC Phantom in the center of the scan area. Turn the laser on and position
it in the acrylic (soft tissue) of the phantom (verify the laser is not in the "bone").
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
22.2.3
VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. For scanners with S/N 600 or higher tape the Stability Test
Collet (388D455, found in the back of the operator's manual, see picture at the beginning of this section)
into the lower aperture of the detector assembly. Scanners with S/N 599 or below do not need Source
Test Collet.
22.2.4
Enter PA to set the DAC values. The test will run for approximately 10 minutes and return to the
C:\bd\xray> prompt.
22.2.5
Enter MON to start the stability test. When Press cr to continue is displayed press ENTER to continue,
press F1 to create a new file, and enter source serial number upon request, and press ENTER.
22.2.6
For approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed on the right side of the screen. After the
two minutes a graph will appear. Allow data gathering for at least hour. During this time make sure
the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam path.
22.2.7
After the graph appears to have leveled out press ENTER to exit the stability test.
22.2.8
Enter MON to review test results.
22.2.9
When Press cr to continue is displayed, press F1 for hidden menu. .
22.2.10 Press F1 for "Auto Scaled Limits".

22.2.11 Press F4 to "View Last File".
22.2.12 Press F7 to print copy, if a printout is desired.
22.2.13 Voltage must be less than .1% and current must be less than 1.5%. The values are displayed in the upper
left corner.
If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collet has been used. Check the
source alignment and if you are able to achieve more counts, then cool the source for several hours to room
temperature and rerun the stability test.
22.2.14 Enter OFF to power down the x-ray source.
22.2.15
VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Remove the Stability Test Collet from the lower aperture.
22.2.16 If testing is complete, replace the upper and lower arm covers.
23
TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST

The rail alignment test is executed to detect count variances at any table area location. These variances must be within
recommended tolerances. Should specifications be exceeded, contact Norland Customer Service.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED DURING THIS TEST. STAY CLEAR OF THE BEAM PATH.
23.1 RAIL ALIGNMENT TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS
23.1.1
Remove the tabletop and the calibration standard.
23.1.2
From the XSST Menu select Tlimit define the table dimensions. Press any key to return to the XSST
menu.
23.1.3
From the XSST select Table -w from the menu. This program will set the x-ray to full power, a test the
gains, and begin the test. It will require approximately 12 minutes to complete.
23.1.4
When the test is complete press ENTER twice to display plots.
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
23.1.5
Verify the Difference and Sum, max and min values are less than .4%. See example below.
23.1.6
Press P to print.
23.1.7
When the printing is complete press Q twice to quit and return to the XSST menu.
23.1.8
Attach the printout to the Service Report.
23.1.9
If the test failed, verify all collets have been removed, and re-level scanner. Rail alignment adjustments
may be performed and the test must be redone until the specifications have been met. Contact Norland
Customer Service for the proper procedure on making these rail alignment modifications.
TABLE TEST EXAMPLE
Limit .40%
Limit .40%
23.2 RAIL ALIGNMENT FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS

23.2.1
Enter SERVICE at a DOS prompt to obtain the 1.7.0 service tools menu.
23.2.2
Type 3, then press the ENTER key to select the table program. Follow the on screen prompts to press
ENTER twice after the peak graph is displayed, and press ENTER to find table dimensions.
23.2.3
When you press any key to start the table program enter the responses listed below.
NOTE: The filter selection for this program is based on the scanner serial number that is entered. If the
scanner has been upgraded to High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed, then enter a serial number greater
than 600. For more information contact Norland Customer Service.
Rail alignment or Table top test (R,T) <R>: => r
Acquire or Read data (A,R) <A>: => a
Enter Scanner serial number: => xxx ENTER
Coarse or Fine scan (C,F) <C>: => c
23.2.4
Following the prompts, remove the tabletop and calibration standard. Press ENTER to continue. Press
ENTER to mark the reference point. After taking a reference measurement the table scan will begin. It
will require approximately 12 minutes to complete.
23.2.5
Upon completion a graph of uncorrected low and high-energy count rate will be displayed. Press F5 for
the differential/ integral display and F5 again for the min./max display. Verify the Uncorrected
NORLAND
PAGE 39
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
Differential and Uncorrected Integral min/max limits are less than .4/-. 4. Press F7 to print a hardcopy.
Press F9 to EXIT.
23.2.6
24
If the test failed, verify all collets have been removed, and re-level the scanner. Rail alignment
adjustments may be performed and the test must be redone until the specs have been met. Contact
Norland Customer Service for the proper procedure on making these rail alignment adjustments.
FUNCTION TESTS
24.1 RADIATION LEAKAGE TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiation
dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any
time, especially your hands, arms and head.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Victoreen Survey Meter Model 05-571
24.1.1
Inspect the source and filter assembly to make sure all shielding is in place and verify absence of
shielding damage.
24.1.2
At any DOS prompt, type IS, then press the ENTER key to initialize the scanner.
24.1.3
Type FULL, press the ENTER key, and wait one minute to bring the source to full power.
24.1.4
Remove the tabletop and move the arm/source to the center of its range for both "X" & "Y" motion.
24.1.5
Check the radiation levels of all surfaces of the source and filter assembly. Keep meter within 5 cm of
the surface. Note that the instrument has a response time of about 5 seconds. Take your time scanning
the surfaces so you don't miss any leaks.
24.1.6
Verify leakage is less than 15 mR on all surfaces.
24.1.7
If the reading exceeds the maximum allowed, note the reading and location, turn off the source, and
notify Norland Customer Service. Record details on the Service Report.
24.2 SHUTOFF TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS

24.2.1
Power up the scanner. Initialize the scanner.
24.2.2
Enter idle to power up the source.
24.2.3
Turn on the laser by pressing the scanner control panel button.
24.2.4
Press the "EMERGENCY OFF" or HALT key on the front panel of the unit.
24.2.5
Verify that the source fan motor has been shut off, that the arm cannot be moved using the keypad, and
all front panel lights are off.
24.3 LABEL TYPE/PLACEMENT VERIFICATION

Verify all regulatory labels are firmly affixed and properly located as shown in Regulatory Label Location
Section.
24.4 PRE-INDICATI0N VERIFICATION (USA only)
Verify that pre-indication of 100 kilovolts, milliamp, and scan time estimate appear on the same screens that
permit the initiation of patient exposure. Verify this indication for all scan types enabled in the instrument.
24.5 X-RAY ON VERIFICATION
Under all control conditions, verify that the Scanner Control Panel "X-Ray On" indicator is illuminated when
the X-Ray source is on, and is not illuminated when the source is off.
24.6 LASER ON VERIFICATION
Under all control conditions, verify that the Scanner Control Panel "Laser On" indicator is illuminated whenever
the laser is on, and is not illuminated when the Laser is off.
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
24.7 EXPOSURE COMPLETE AUDIBLE INDICATOR VERIFICATION

Verify that the audible indicator (computer-emitted beep) occurs whenever a patient scan is complete.
25
CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Leakage Current Tester, Model number LT544D-20, Dale Technology Corporation
(For all other models use the manufacturers instructions.)
25.1 Plug the line cord from the Leakage Current Tester into the wall outlet. Plug the scanner power cord into the
Leakage Current Tester.
25.2 Turn the scanner power switch to the ON position. Verify the leakage current readings for each switch
combination listed below are less than 300 ua.
Neutral Switch
Line Switch
Closed
Normal
Open
Normal
Open
Reversed
Closed
Reversed
25.3 Turn the scanner power switch OFF and reattach scanner power cord to wall outlet.
26
SKIP TEST
The skip test ensures proper movement of the stepper motors and proper operation of the motor drivers.
26.1 SKIP TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS:
26.1.1
Place the tabletop in position on the scanner.
26.1.2
Select SkipTest from the second page of the XSST menu.
26.1.3
Type 1 and press ENTER for the number of times to run the test.
26.1.4
When asked, Do you want to press Enter to confirm each portion? Press Y if you wish to verify
each location otherwise N to only verify the final mark.
26.1.5
Press H and then ENTER to select high speed.
26.1.6
Follow the on-screen prompts to label the laser position on the tabletop, and press ENTER to start the
SkipTest.
CAUTION: DURING THE TEST THE X-RAY WILL BE OPERATING AT IDLE POWER. THE
SHUTTER WILL BE OPEN DURING ARM MOVEMENT. STAY CLEAR OF THE X-RAY BEAM.
26.1.7
The test will take approximately 7 minutes.
26.1.8
Upon completion, verify that the laser has returned to its original position. Press ENTER. Press
ENTER again to continue.
26.2 SKIP TEST FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS:

26.2.1
Place the tabletop in position on the scanner.
26.2.2
Enter SERVICE at a DOS prompt, and then SKIPTEST. .
26.2.3
Follow the on-screen prompts to select the scanner size and speed:
NORLAND
PAGE 41
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
When prompted to select full length scanner (239 cm) answer Y if the scanner in an XR36 orXR26.
Answer N if the scanner is an Eclipse (180cm).
For all scanners select high-speed.
Answer N to the loop continuously question.
CAUTION: During the test the x-ray will be operating at idle power. The shutter will be open during arm
movement
27
26.2.4
Identify the current laser position by marking a dot on a piece of tape and placing it under the laser. Press
any key to continue. This test takes approximately 20 minutes.
26.2.5
Upon completion, verify that the laser has returned to its original position. Press any key to continue.
FILTER TEST
The Filter Test will verify the integrity of the filter assembly and filter motor driver board.
27.1
FILTER TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

27.1.1
Place the table top onto the scanner, and place the calibration standard into position.
27.1.2
Select FiltTest from the XSST menu.
27.1.3
At the Select a Test / Command statement enter A for all.
27.1.4
Mark the A and B positions on the calibration standard. Note that no graphics are displayed. The
test will automatically print, so be sure the printer is connected and ready before running this test.
27.1.5
Upon completion the data will be printed in graphical format. See Figure 27-1 and 27-2. On all four
printouts, verify that the samarium has moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms (bottom plateau
edge). Verify that the samarium has moved completely out of the beam path within 8 ms. (upper plateau
edge). Confirm that here is no plateau shift in the 8 to 20 ms timeframe. While viewing the 1-3 max/min
plots, verify that there are no count rage variations that exceed 50% of the count rate range.
27.1.6
Press Q to quit. Press any key to continue.
27.1.7
Attach the printouts to the Service Report.
FIGURE 27-1 (Filter Arm 1-3)
NORLAND
PAGE 42
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
FIGURE 27-2 (Filtration 3 to 4)
27.2 FILTER TEST FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS:

27.2.1
Enter SERVICE at the DOS prompt.
27.2.2
Enter FULL to bring the source to full power.
27.2.3
Enter PEAK to set the discriminators. After the graph is complete, press ENTER twice.
27.2.4
Enter 10 to run the Filttest from the 1.7.0 Service menu.
27.2.5
Following the prompts, mark the "A" and "B" positions on the calibration standard.
27.2.6
Upon completion the data will be displayed in graphical format. Verify that the samarium has moved
completely into the beam path with 7 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no plateau
shift in the 8 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue, or P to
print.
27.2.7
Enter 2 on the keyboard to repeat the test for filter 2 (medium filter). Verify that the samarium has
moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has
moved completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no
plateau shift in the 9 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue,
or P to print.
27.2.8
Enter 3 on the keyboard to repeat the test for filter 3 (thick filter). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no plateau
shift in the 9 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue, or P to
print.
27.2.9
Enter Q to quit.
NORLAND
PAGE 43
REPAIR PROCEDURE
28
388S631 REV Q
DAILY CALIBRATION
The daily calibration procedure verifies the integrity of the system. The daily calibration procedure takes approximately
30 minutes.
PROCEDURE FOR ALL SCANNERS
28.1 Initiate the host software.
28.2 Position the Calibration Standard, and the Quality Control (QC) Phantom, on the tabletop.
For Host Software 2.5.2 or earlier, select SCANNER and click on BEGIN CALIBRATION.
For Host Software 3.1.0 or later, click on Begin QA.
28.3 Turn on the laser on move to point A on the calibration standard
28.4 Press the MARK button on the Scanner Control Panel
28.5 Position the laser over point B and press the MARK button.
28.6 Position the QC phantom so the label is facing the front edge of the scanner.
28.7 Mark points C and D on the QC phantom:
For systems with the clear QC phantom, position the laser over the X above L2 (right). Move the laser to
the other X to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if necessary. Move the laser
back to the X above L2 and press the MARK button. Position the laser over the X at the bottom of L4
(left) and press the MARK button.
For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the C. Move the laser to
the dot closet to D to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if necessary. Move
the laser back to the dot closest to C and press the MARK button. The arm will automatically move to
point D. DO NOT CHANGE THE LENGTH. Press the MARK button.
28.8 A peak graph will be drawn and the discriminator settings will be taken. After the discriminator settings appear
on the screen press the PRINT SCREEN key on the keyboard. When prompted, press ENTER to print
UNROTATED.
28.9 At the QA results screen, verify that the Precision and Accuracy for BMD (and optional fat and lean) are O.K.,
Press ENTER for [CONTINUE PRINT].
28.10 If the calibration has failed use the following commands to print the calibration errors and contact Norland
Customer Service :
28.10.1 For 2-channel scanners:
Exit to DOS.
At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26.
Enter type errors.trc >prn.
28.10.2 For 4-channel scanners:
Exit to DOS. For systems with WIN98 click on Tools icon.
At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26\caltrace.
NORLAND
PAGE 44
REPAIR PROCEDURE
29
388S631 REV Q
INITIAL CALIBRATION
The initial calibration process completely characterizes the system, permitting very high long-term instrument stability and
measurement repeatability. This initial calibration procedure requires only minimal initial operator intervention and will
take about 12 hours to complete for a low-speed scanner, and 6 hrs for a high-speed scanner.
PROCEDURE FOR ALL SCANNERS
29.1 Position the Calibration Standard in the marked location on the tabletop
29.2 (For XR26 scanners use the laser to verify the calibration standard is aligned. The laser beam should touch the
top and bottom edges of the phantom simultaneously for both front and right side.)
29.3 For Host Software revision 2.3.0 or later, reset the Final Factor to 1.000:
29.3.1
Type FF_SET, at the 'C>' prompt, to enter the Final Factor Program.
29.3.2
If the present BMC (optional fat and lean) factor is 1.0000, you will be asked, "Do you wish to have a
new BMC factor computer? (y/n) [y]". Answer N.
29.3.3
If the present BMC (and optional fat and lean) factor is not 1.0000, you will be asked, "Present BMC
factor is X.XXXX. Do you want to restore the present BMC factor to the default value of 1.0000? (y/n)
[Y]". Answer Y.
29.4 If the "Calib.fil" file in the XR26 directory, then rename it. At the C:\ prompt enter the following commands:
cd\XR26
Dir *.fil (to see if the files do exist)
Ren calib.fil calmmddyy.fil (where mm=month, dd=day, and yy=year)
29.5 Initiate the host software.
29.6 If asked "Do you want to check your hard drive y/n?", type Y. This is not necessary every time you initialize
the host software, however, Norland recommends that it is done on a regular basis. When the check is complete,
respond by typing Y, to "Continue with XR y/n?".
29.7 When the main screen appears, enter the following commands:
29.8 Select SETUP and click on SERVICE SETUP.
29.9 For Host Software Revision 2.3.0 or later, enter the QC Phantom ID number, the Mean BMD, and the BMD SD.
29.10 The ID number is embedded in the corner of the Phantom.
29.11 The Mean BMD and the BMD SD numbers are found on a label affixed to the QC Phantom. (Enter .007 for
BMD SD if the label does not contain this value.)
29.12 Click on ACCEPT CHANGES.
29.13 Begin the Instrument Characterization process as follows:
29.13.1 FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS
Determine the table dimensions by selecting SCANNER and clicking on FIND TABLE DIMENSIONS.
Click on CONTINUE and wait for the process to be completed.
Select SCANNER and click on the BEGIN CALIBRATION command.
Click on the CONTINUE button and follow the on-screen prompts to:
Clear the tabletop of all items, except the calibration standard.
NORLAND
PAGE 45
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
29.13.2 FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

Determine the table dimensions by selecting SETUP and clicking on FIND TABLE DIMENSIONS.
Click on CONTINUE and wait for the process to be completed.
Click on BEGIN QA.
29.14 FOR ALL SCANNER
Note: It is very important to clear the tabletop area, of everything except the calibration standard. During the
Initial Calibration, tabletop composition is evaluated. If any foreign objects are on the tabletop, they will effect the
calibration results.
Turn on the laser and move to point "A" on the calibration standard.
Press the MARK button on the Scanner Control Panel.
Move to point "B" and press the MARK button.
29.15 The remainder of the calibration process is automated. Observe the computer display and verify the occurrence
of the following steps.
29.16 After marking point "B", the scanner measures background radiation
!
(2-Channel Scanners)
A discriminator setting is taken. The maximum allowable is 128 but typically they are less than 100. If
greater than 100, contact your Norland Representative.
(4-Channel Scanners )
A peak graph will be drawn and the discriminator settings will be taken. The FH, FL, IH, and IL
discriminators are displayed. Typically the FH and IH numbers are 1500 (+200), and the FL and IL are 200
(+50).
29.17 ALL SCANNERS

A checklist appears which indicates Pass/Fail values for:
-Autoset (if applicable)
-Reference Beam
-X-Ray Off
-Shutter
-High Attenuation Filter
-Medium Attenuation Filter
-Low Attenuation Filter
-Dynamic Filtration (High Speed Only)
Note: If any of these checks fail, contact Norland Customer Service.
29.18 After the checklist is complete press the PRINT SCREEN key on the keyboard. When prompted, press
ENTER to print UNROTATED.
29.19
IMPORTANT: POST SIGNS THAT ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE THAT INDICATE X-RAYS ARE
BEING EMITTED AND THE SCANNER MUST NOT BE DISTURBED DURING THE INITIAL
CALIBRATION.
29.20 For 2-channel scanners: the scanner will make 1 complete pass of the table. This will take approx. 15 min.
29.21 The check list screen reappears, listing the estimated time for completion.
29.22 Upon completion of the initial calibration:
NORLAND
PAGE 46
REPAIR PROCEDURE
!
(For Host Software revisions prior to 2.3.0), the Residual screen will appear at the end of the calibration
process, if it passes. If any errors appear on the screen contact Norland Customer Service for assistance in
resolving the problem. Verify the residuals do not exceed the following values.
Maximum residuals values for non-High Speed Scanners

Polynomial
Residuals
Metal
Plastic
Filter 0
.0063
.0127
Filter 1
.0060
.0122
Filter 2
.0058
.0111
Filter 3
.0053
.0106
Filter 4
.0057
.0113
Filter 5
.0055
.0109
Filter 6
.0054
.0107
Filter 7
.0054
.0107
Rough Body
.1010
.1420
Spline 0
.0054
.0115
Spline 1
.0248
.0444
Spline 2
.0422
.0749
Spline 3
.0165
.0264
Spline 4
.0405
.0590
Spline 5
.0640
.920
388S631 REV Q
Maximum residuals values for High Speed Scanners

Polynomial
Residuals
Metal
Low Filter 0
.0092
Low Filter 1
.0077
Low Filter 2
.0067
Low Filter 3
.0060
Low Filter 4
.0055
Low Filter 5
.0053
Low Filter 6
.0052
Low Filter 7
.0052
High Filter 0
.0360
High Filter 1
.0320
High Filter 2
.0280
High Filter 3
.0260
High Filter 4
.0240
High Filter 5
.0220
High Filter 6
.0200
High Filter 7
.0200
Plastic
.0193
.0171
.0157
.0150
.0147
.0147
.0147
.0147
.0550
.0500
.0460
.0420
.0380
.0340
.0300
.0300
(For Host Software revision 2.3.0 or later), after a successful calibration, screen prompts ask that the QC
Phantom be placed on the table and points 'C' and 'D' be marked.
Mark the QC phantom and perform one scan.

The Calibration Results screen will be displayed.
Refer to the appropriate sections to Scan the QC Phantom, set a new Final Factor, and perform the
remainder of the tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.
29.22.1 If the calibration has failed use the following commands to print the calibration errors and contact
Norland Customer Service:
! For 2-channel scanners:
At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26.
! For 4-channel scanners:
At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26\caltrace.
30
QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS

30.1 PHANTOM SCANS FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS AND 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS WITH HOST
SOFTWARE REVISIONS 2.3.0 2.5.3
30.1.1
Verify the FF_set value is "1.0000" before beginning scans. Enter FF_SET at the C:> prompt and follow
the on-screen instructions.
30.1.2
Initiate the host software and start the QC scans.

Select QA and click on SCAN QC PHANTOM for4-channel scanners.
Select SCANNER and click on SCAN QC PHANTOM for 2-channel scanners.
NORLAND
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REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
30.1.3
Enter 25 for the number of repetitions.
30.1.4
Place the QC Phantom, in the approximate center of the scan area, with the label facing the font edge of
the scanner, parallel to the y-axis, and with point C or the smallest vertebra closest to the power switch
end of the scanner.
30.1.5
Screen prompts ask the operator to mark point C on the QC Phantom:

30.1.5.1 For systems with the clear QC phantom, position the laser over the X above L2. Move the
laser to the other X to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Straighten the phantom if
necessary. Move the laser back to the X above L2 and press the MARK button. Position the
laser over the X at the bottom of L4 and press the MARK button.
30.1.5.2 For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the C. Move
the laser to the dot closet to D to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the
phantom if necessary. Move the laser back to the dot closest to C and press the MARK
button. The arm will automatically move to point D. DO NOT CHANGE THE LENGTH.
Press the MARK button.
30.1.6
When the requested number of scans have been completed, software automatically displays numeric and
graphic results.
30.1.7
Refer the appropriate sections to install a new final factor, and all other tests as outlined in the Testing
Requirements section.
30.2 QC PHANTOM SCANS FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS AND HOST SOFTWARE PRIOR TO 2.3.0
Using the following instructions, perform (6) scans on the QC Spine Phantom provided with the unit. Confirm that
the vertebral length, BMC, BMD and Area Averages are within 1.5% of the values printed on the phantom.
30.2.1
If not already present, add a patient for the Spine Phantom Scan as follows:
30.2.1.1 Select FILE and click on the ADD A PATIENT command.
30.2.1.2 Enter QC PHANTOM SCAN for the "Name" and the S/N of the QC Phantom for the "ID
Code".
30.2.1.3 Click on the ADD button.
30.2.2
Initiate the spine scan as follows:

30.2.2.1 Select SCAN and click on the AP SPINE command.
30.2.2.2 It is not necessary to enter "Height, Weight, Technician or Physician. Simply click on the
CONTINUE button.
30.2.3
Follow the on-screen instruction to:

30.2.3.1 Place the QC Phantom on the table, with the label facing the font edge of the scanner, parallel to
the y-axis, and with point C or the smallest vertebra closest to the power switch end of the
scanner.
30.2.3.2 Turn on the laser and position it just above L2 for QC Spine Phantoms with s/n lower than 600
or no s/n; and for spine phantoms with s/n 600 or above, position the laser on the "x" above L2
(right end). Press the Mark button to identify the scan starting point.
30.2.3.3 Position the laser just below L4 for QC Spine Phantoms with s/n lower than 600 or no s/n; and
for spine phantoms with s/n 600 or above, position the laser on the "x" below L4. Press the
Mark button to identify the end point.
30.2.3.4 The scan parameter screen appears. Change the scan width to 12 cm. Leave the remaining ones
at their default values. Click on the CONTINUE button.
30.2.3.5 The X-Ray Parameters screen appears. Click on the START SCAN button.
30.2.4
NORLAND
When scan has completed, begin the analysis process.
PAGE 48
REPAIR PROCEDURE
30.2.5
Click on the ANALYZE button.
30.2.6
When the modify cursor screen appears use the mouse to position the cursors.
388S631 REV Q
! For QC Spine Phantoms that have s/n lower than 600 or no s/n, position each cursor such that L2, L3,
and L4 vertebral bodies are defined. Use the histogram to determine proper cursor placement. Verify
that the positions you select match the lengths of the vertebrae described on the phantom label. If not,
move the cursors so the values are the same.
! For phantoms with s/n 600 or above position the upper cursor at the top of the histogram and the
lower cursor at the bottom of the histogram (both cursors outside the bone).
30.2.7
When satisfied with cursor placement, click on the CONTINUE button. Wait until the data is processed.
30.2.8
When the review cursor screen appears, you may change any incorrect cursor position.
30.2.9
When satisfied with cursor placement, select RESULTS and click on the DETAILED RESULTS P2
command.
30.2.10 When the tabulated result screen appears, record the Total BMD, BMC, and Area values.
30.2.11 For QC spine phantoms with s/n lower than 600 or no s/n, record the measured L2, L3, and L4 lengths
(which must be the same as that noted on the phantom label).
30.2.12 Select FILE and click on the MAIN MENU command.
30.2.13 When the SAVE/ABANDON MODIFIED SCAN DATA screen appears you may select Abandon if you
are sure the values have been recorded. If you wish to save the data click on save. When the
SCANNING screen appears, select Fixed or removable media. Click on Continue to save.
30.2.14 Repeat steps until a total of six QC Spine Phantom scans have been completed.
30.2.15 When all scan measurement values are recorded, compute the averages and percent difference. Verify the
percent difference for BMD, BMC, and AREA is less than 1.5% of the values on the QC Phantom label.
31
FINAL FACTOR
The Calibration Final Factor is used to improve the accuracy of the scanner
Note: Calibration of the final factor (FF_SET) cannot be used with software versions prior to 2.3.0, or the shell
program which runs both old and new software together.
31.1 At the 'C>' prompt type FF_SET to enter the Final Factor Program.
31.2 A screen message indicates that the present factor(s) is 1.000.
31.3 Answer Y to the question, "Do you wish to have a new BMC FACTOR computed? (Y/N) [Y]." or Do you
wish to have a new set of Correction Factors computer?.
31.4 Based on the last 25 QC Phantom Scans the FF_SET program calculates and presents a proposed Correction
Factor. You are asked, "Do you want to accept the proposed correction? (y/n) [y]." Type Y.
31.5 If less than 25 scans were performed, the message indicates, "A minimum of 25 QC Phantom scans are required
in order to determine the BMC factor. Please return to the XR environment and complete the necessary number
of scans utilizing the SCAN QC PHANTOM command." Follow the screen instructions to perform a total of 25
scans.
31.6 If the results of the 25 QC Phantom scans differed by more that 3% from the actual phantom value, the
following message will appear: "The measured QC Phantom values deviate more that 3 percent from the entered
QC Phantom values. Please check the entered value and/or investigate for potential problems with the unit."
31.7 Perform several additional (16 preferred) QC Phantom Scans to verify the final factor is correct. Verify the
Precision and Accuracy are OK for BMD (and optional Fat and Lean). Click on CONTINUE-PRINT.
Attach the printout(s) to the Service Report.
NORLAND
PAGE 49
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
32 REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS

Verify all labels are firmly affixed and properly located.
Computer Certification
Label
Computer Back Panel
Beam Limiter Certification

Label (1 of 2). The other
located on the outside of the
scanner.
Certification Labels for

Norland Sources
NORLAND
Certification Labels for

Source Model XR-26
(Lorad)
PAGE 50
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS WITH
S/N 3000-8000
NORLAND
PAGE 51
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS WITH
S/N 1000-2000
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS
WITH S/N 8000
OR HIGHER.
NORLAND
PAGE 52
REPAIR PROCEDURE
33
388S631 REV Q
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
This is detailed instruction for performing a preventive maintenance check.

The details for any specific test that is referred to in this section can be found in the appropriate section of this procedure.
33.1 COMPUTER:
33.1.1
Perform Scandisk on all storage devices to verify the integrity of the DOS file structure. (If using DOS
versions less than 6.2.2, use the CHKDSK command.) Type the following commands:
At the C:> prompt type SCANDISK to check the C drive.
At the C:> prompt type Scandisk drive: to check other drives. Replace drive with the appropriate
drive letter, i.e. SCANDISK D:.
If errors occur contact Norland Customer Service.
33.1.2
Perform Xfcheck on all storage devices to verify the XR file structure.

At the C:> prompt type XFCHECK to check the C drive.
At the C: > prompt type Xfcheck drive: to check the other drives. Replace drive with the
appropriate drive letter, i.e. XFCHECK D:.
Contact Norland Customer Service if errors occur.
33.2
33.1.3
Optimize the hard drive. Enter DEFRAG at the C>: prompt. (If using DOS version less than 6.2.2 contact
Norland Customer Service.)
33.1.4
Update service software as appropriate. Refer to the Service Software section of this procedure.
33.1.5
Perform AntiVirus check if the software is available.
X-RAY SOURCE:
33.2.1
LORAD SOURCE MODEL NUMBER D-051:

Check the desiccant material. Change the desiccant or entire tube if it is pink. Blue desiccant will still
absorb moisture and does not need to be replaced.
At the C:\> prompt enter FULL. Verify pump operates when source is ramped to full power and no
air bubbles are present in the oil tubing.
33.2.2
ALL SOURCES:
Verify fan is operating properly.
Check for leakage radiation. Refer to Radiation Leakage Test in the Function Test section of this
procedure for instructions.
33.3
Perform a Beam Stability Test. Verify results are within specifications.
SCANNER:
33.3.1
Clean and lubricate rails.
NOTE: Do not use any type of lubricant containing solvents. The plastic components and permanent
lubrication grease in the bearing may be adversely affected.
33.3.2
Perform the Table (Rail Alignment) Test to check for proper rail alignment.
33.3.3
Verify laser beam is in the center of the filter casting aperture. Perform Laser Alignment as necessary.
33.3.4
Perform Leakage Current Test.
NORLAND
PAGE 53
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q
33.3.5
Check all cables connections.
33.3.6
Check all belts and pulleys for proper wear, tension, and alignment. If the belt is re-tightened perform a
source/detector alignment, and laser alignment. If the daily calibration does not pass, perform an initial
calibration. Refer to the Testing Requirements section of this procedure.
33.3.7
Tighten all hardware and make sure all brackets are installed.
33.3.8
Print XDRIFT to check the long-term scanner performance.

For 4-channel scanner select XDrift from the XSST menu. Press any key to continue. Press P to
print.
For 2-channel scanner enter Service and then Xdrift. Press any key to continue. Press P to print.
33.3.9
Check the PMT Gains, and adjust if necessary.
33.3.10 Perform a Source Count Rate Check.

33.3.11 Perform a Daily Calibration and verify the precision and accuracy of the scanner are okay. If the daily
calibration fails then perform an Initial Calibration, QC Spine Phantom Scans, and set a Final Factor.
33.4 XMAKEPRD:
33.4.1
Make a problem-reporting disk and send it back to Norland. Insert a blank formatted disk and at the C:\>
prompt enter XMAKEPRD.
33.4.2
Label the disk with facility name, scanner serial number, date, and preventive maintenance. Return the
disk with the Service Report to Norland as soon as possible.
33.5 SERVICE REPORT:

Completely fill out a Service Report. Return it to Norland as soon as possible with the XMAKEPRD and
printouts. Refer to the Service Report Form section of this procedure for details.
34
XMAKEPRD
A problem-reporting disk should be made after a repair or preventive maintenance check has been performed on the
scanner. This disk should be created after all the testing has been completed. The XMAKEPRD command will
automatically copy all the calibration and testing data to a diskette.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: 1.44 Formatted diskette
34.1 To create this disk, insert a blank formatted diskette and at the C:\ prompt (use the Tools icon in Win98 setups)
type XMAKEPRD.
34.2 Follow the on-screen instructions. When prompted to perform Xfcheck press Y for yes if xfcheck was not
previously performed as part of the preventive maintenance. For large patient databases this may take some
time. After the xfcheck more files will be copied. If the files do not fit on a single diskette, follow the on-screen
instructions to insert a second diskette and continue. If more than one disk is needed, consider deleting the
C:\xr26\caltrace\errors.his and C:\xr26\errors.log files, after the files have been copied to the disk.
34.3
Remove the disk when the prompt reappears.
34.4 Labeled disk with the facility name, scanner serial number, date, and reason for the repair or just preventive
maintenance. This disk should be included with all the paperwork and sent back to Norland Customer Service.
NORLAND
PAGE 54
REPAIR PROCEDURE
35
388S631 REV Q
FDA FORM 2579 USA ONLY
Complete this form if a certified component (computer, scanner, x-ray source, or filter assembly) has been replaced or if
a stationary scanner has been relocated. Send it to Norland Medical Systems within 7 working days of the service
activity.
PROCEDURE:
Use the example and the detailed instructions for the corresponding numbers below to properly fill out
a 2579 form.
Return the complete form within one week to Norland Medical Systems.
1.
EQUIPMENT LOCATION
Enter the information for the facility. Fill in all the blanks.
2.
ASSEMBLER INFORMATION
Fill in Norlands name and address.
3.
GENERAL INFORMATION
a. Mark RE-ASSEMBLY-FULLY CERTIFIED SYSTEM if moving a scanner, or mark REPLACEMENT
COMPONENTS IN AN EXSITING SYSTEM if replacing a certified component.
b. Mark BONE MINERAL ANALYSIS
c. Mark STATIONARY unless the scanner is in an mobile van then mark MOBILE
d. If the scanner is stationary enter the room number or room description where the computer is located, for
example Bone Density Room
e. Enter date of repair.
4.
COMPONENT INFORMATION
a. Mark A NEW INSTALLATION if the computer is replaced, otherwise mark EXISTING (Certified).
b. Enter NORLAND
c. Enter model number from the computer certification label
d. Enter computer serial number from the computer certification label
e. Enter date manufactured from the computer certification label.
f. Leave blank.
g. BEAM LIMITING DEVICE Enter NORLAND as Manufacturer, Model Number and date from the filter
assembly certification label.
h. Enter 1 in X-RAY CONTROL and OTHER. (Define other in comments.)
5.
ASSEMBLER CERTIFICATION
a. Print your name
b. Sign your name
c. Enter the date you signed
6.
COMMENTS
Enter 4h Combination Tube Housing and High Voltage Supply.
Enter the scanner type; for example Eclipse, XR36.
The reason for service activity; for example replaced source or relocated scanner etc.
Enter the scanner serial number.
Any state registration number if required, for example Kentucky.
NORLAND
PAGE 55
REPAIR PROCEDURE
NORLAND
388S631 REV Q
PAGE 56
REPAIR PROCEDURE
36
388S631 REV Q
SERVICE REPORT FORM

The Norland Service Report form must be completed after any servicing of the equipment has been performed. For
field service, the customer must sign and date the Service Report form. The pink copy of the Service Report should
be left with the customer, the Service Representative should keep the yellow copy, and the white copy must be
returned to Norland Customer Service with all other appropriate documentation.
The attached form is an example of the Service Report form. Refer to the 900S064 Completing the Service Report
Form procedure for detailed instructions.
Within one week of the repair send the documentation to:
Norland Medical Systems
Fort Atkinson, WI 53538
USA
Attention: Customer Service
NORLAND
PAGE 57
REPAIR PROCEDURE
388S631 REV Q

Fort Atkinson, WI 53538
Phone: 800-444-4856
Fax: 920-568-4216
Authorization / Call #
SERVICE REPORT
Equipment Type:
Serial Number:
Date Contacted:
Facility Name:
Date Repaired:
Contact Name:
Address:
" Warranty
Customer Complaint:
"
Non Warranty
"
Service Contract
"
"
Sales / Marketing
Other
Problem Found:
Actions Taken:
FDA 2579 Required

" Yes
" No
FDA 2579 Filled Out By:
Initials:
Indicate Parts Used Below

Part Number
Description
Old S/N
New S/N
Labor
Hours
Travel
Onsite
In-House
Additional Comments:
Customer Signature / Date
Authorized Service Agent Signature / Date
White-Pro Tech
NORLAND
Yellow Copy-Service Agent
Print Name / Company
Pink Copy-Customer
FRM-107 Rev. B
PAGE 58

Repair Bone Densitometer

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REPAIR PROCEDURE

REPAIR PROCEDURE FOR

Norland Medical Systems

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 3

SERVICE SOFTWARE ............................................................................................................................................. 5

TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE ............................................................................................. 10

REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD................................................................................................ 14

SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................ 14

FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT................................................................................................................. 17

PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT ...................................................................................... 17

LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................................... 18

MAIN BOARD IDENTIFICATION....................................................................................................................... 18

MOTOR DRIVER BOARD CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................... 19

LEVEL SCANNER .................................................................................................................................................. 20

WIRING DIAGRAMS ............................................................................................................................................. 20

SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................................... 23

LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 29

SET PMT GAINS..................................................................................................................................................... 29

SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK .......................................................................................................................... 34

BEAM STABILITY TEST....................................................................................................................................... 36

TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST ..................................................................................................................... 38

FUNCTION TESTS ................................................................................................................................................. 40

CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST ................................................................................................................................. 41

SKIP TEST ............................................................................................................................................................... 41

FILTER TEST .......................................................................................................................................................... 42

QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS .............................................................................................................................. 47

REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS .................................................................................................................. 50

FDA FORM 2579 USA ONLY ............................................................................................................................. 55

SERVICE REPORT FORM ..................................................................................................................................... 57

Completing the Service Report Form 900S064

2.6 Installation Procedure 433S146

3.2 Devices: any units, assemblies, and accessories.

3.6 HID: Hardware Identification Device.

Indicates general caution, safety hazard, or information.

Indicates radiation from laser apparatus.

5.5 An authorization number is given to the Service Agent.

Place the disk in the 'A' drive.

433A165 Service Scanner Tools (SST) installation instructions:

The files will decompress to the hard drive.

Insert disk 2 when prompted.

After upgrading the SST software reconfigure the system:

Redefine table limits by selecting TLimit from the XSST menu.

(The test specifications are in parenthesis.)

Power Supply Board

Complete PMT Assembly

2.2. Verify proper oil pump operation [Lorad source

TEST PROCEDURE QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

SOURCE/ DETECTOR ALIGNMENT

Type, SERVICE, then IS to initialize scanner.

MAKE SURE THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE COLLET.

PMT GAIN ADJUSTMENT

For Scanners With Autoset Hardware:

! 4-Channel Scanners Without Autoset Hardware:

Scanners with S/N 3600-5000 and 6600-8000:

Enter the following commands, SERVICE, IS

SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK

TABLE TEST (RAIL ALIGNMENT)

INITIAL CALIBRATION AND FINAL FACTOR

REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD

SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE

10.13 Attach the red/black and green/white wires.

Green Connector, P10

FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT