Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Project Title
Version
Date of Issue
Prepared By
Contact
v3.2
Baseline Emissions....................................................................................................................... 69
Project Emissions ......................................................................................................................... 70
Leakage ........................................................................................................................................ 79
Net GHG Emission Reductions and Removals ............................................................................ 82
Monitoring........................................................................................................................84
4.1
4.2
5
Environmental Impact .....................................................................................................99
6
Stakeholder Comments ................................................................................................101
HISTORY OF THE DOCUMENT .............................................................................................102
v3.2
PROJECT DETAILS
Summary Description of the Project
The Project Shade Coffee and Cacao Reforestation proposed by ECOTIERRA is an ARR carbon
sequestration grouped project based on improving agricultural farming techniques to include
coffee and cocoa under shade. The project aims to turn traditional land use schemes into shade,
organic and fair trade coffee and cocoa production systems by the mean of massive plantation of
trees, environmental education, technical training and accompaniment.
This Canadian-Peruvian initiative is led by ECOTIERRA, a company specializing in the
development and implementation of environmental, carbon and sustainable development
projects.
In Peru, 25% of small coffee and cocoa producers are members of cooperatives. This project was
initiated as a result of the findings by some cooperatives of the limitations and problems faced by
a large number of these producers such as inadequate management of the land, environmental
degradation, lack of income, limited technical knowledge, resistance to change and innovation,
inability to invest in developing and maintaining their parcels, difficult working conditions and the
limitations of these cooperatives to offer technical and financial help to its members. In fact,
cooperatives have very limited access to financial resources that allows them to develop and
maintain over time the technical expertise, or sufficient lending capacity, to properly support their
members in an attempt to break the state chronic poverty.
This lack of knowledge limits the ability of the producers to increase the productivity, to diversify
the agroforestry systems as well as to protect /improve the environment. At the same time the
customary management of their land, crops, pastures and their reluctance to change can affect
the overall profitability of their work and often leads to disastrous environmental impacts such as:
migratory agriculture on mountainsides with no protective measure for soil erosion, slash and
burn agriculture and poor fertilization to name a few. With the land becoming less productive over
time, the small producers abandon the parcels and move onto a neighbouring parcel and start the
whole process again.
The "SHADE COFFEE AND CACAO REFORESTATION PROJECT" has been developed in
association with 32 cooperatives of small coffee and cocoa producers. The purpose of the project
is to convert degraded, low production or abandoned plots into high quality (fairtrade organic)
crop producing parcels with forest cover while focusing on sustainable development practices.
These Agroforestry projects will allow producers to increase their incomes by both agricultural
production and by adding the sustainable use of forestry resources.
Beyond the environmental objectives (carbon sequestration), the project focuses on sustainable
development objectives that include socio-economic and also their own environmental objectives.
The incentive related to the carbon aspect of the project as well as the initial funding will allow a
multitude of small producers to improve the management of their plot, increase crop yield,
diversify the source of income ensuring the sustainability of their farm and improving access to
education and healthcare. Reforestation, education and training related to the project will also
v3.2
1.2
1.3
Project Proponent
Project Proponent:
Contact :
Contact person :
Etienne Desmarais
e.desmarais@ecotierra.co
+1 819 346-1000
Roles and responsibilities: The project proponents and project developer is ECOTIERRA, a
Canadian based company which developed the project from the ground up. From field research
to building partnership, developing the project document, setting up planting and monitoring
procedure and training the local partners and management team.
Ecotierra will be responsible for the monitoring of GHG Emission and removal. The field team
collecting the data will be comprised of personnel from ECOTIERRA and duly qualified
contractors. Data inputting, gathering, computerization for storage as well as analysis will be
performed by qualified ECOTIERRA personnel.
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v3.2
CENTRALES
COOPERATIVES
(class partner)
PRO-A
APPCACAO
FUNDACION AMAZONIA
VIVA-FUNDAVI
COPERATIVAS ASOCIADAS
CECOVASA
COCLA
v3.2
NAME
ACRONYM
APE CAARIS
APA SHATOJA
APC JUMARP
APROCAM
CAC CEPROAA
APROCASSI
CAC FRONTERASI
APAVAM
CASIL
CAC LA PALMA
CEDROS CAF
CAC DE SERVICIOS
VALLE SAN IGNACIO
CAC CHARUYO
CAC CHARUYO
By defining cooperatives
By defining
cooperatives
COOPAIN
COPERATIVA AGRARIA
CAFETALERA LA DIVISORIA
CAC DIVISORIA
COOPERATIVA
AGRARIA
COOPERATIVA AGRARIA CAFETALERA SATIPO
CAFETALERA SATIPO
COOPERATIVA
AGRARIA
RODRGUEZ DE MENDOZA
CAC PANGOA
CENTRAL DE PRODUCTORES
AGROECOLOGICOS DE
PICHANAKI
COOPARM
CAC PANGOA
CEPROAP
COOPERATIVA AGRARIA
CAFETALERA LA FLORIDA
CAC FLORIDA
CAC VALLE DE
INCAHUASI
CAMPC
COOPERATIVA AGRARIA DE
MUJERES PICHANAKI
1.5
CAC SATIPO
1.6
1.7
Project Scale
Project
Large project
v3.2
2,013
2,014
2,015
2,016
2,017
2,018
2,019
2,020
2,021
2,022
2,023
2,024
2,025
2,026
2,027
2,028
2,029
2,030
2,031
2,032
2,033
2,034
2,035
2,036
2,037
2,038
2,039
2,040
2,041
2,042
2,043
2,044
2,045
2,046
2,047
2,048
2,049
2,050
2,051
0
117
339
697
829
1,283
1,875
2,617
3,488
4,559
5,805
4,210
5,127
6,181
7,380
8,706
7,919
9,229
10,691
12,311
14,095
2,549
2,936
3,423
3,997
4,673
5,459
6,364
7,394
8,528
9,818
5,612
6,318
7,113
8,007
9,007
10,093
11,316
12,655
14,117
15,706
2,052
2,053
Total estimated
ERs
15,706
Estimated net
GHG emission
reductions or
removals (tCO2e)
Years
2,013
2,014
2,015
2,016
2,017
2,018
2,019
2,020
2,021
2,022
2,023
2,024
2,025
2,026
2,027
2,028
2,029
2,030
2,031
2,032
2,033
2,034
2,035
2,036
2,037
2,038
2,039
2,040
2,041
2,042
2,043
2,044
2,045
2,046
2,047
2,048
2,049
2,050
2,051
0
117
2,615
9,657
24,201
43,960
76,479
125,250
194,905
293,442
429,160
605,221
772,658
970,408
1,188,528
1,438,820
1,727,466
2,000,067
2,268,614
2,552,370
2,788,528
3,018,079
3,192,166
3,345,098
3,438,934
3,380,910
3,303,268
3,288,673
3,106,004
2,892,521
2,419,005
1,875,496
2,065,730
2,280,608
2,495,655
2,689,508
2,903,110
3,108,290
3,263,034
3,423,447
3,495,692
2,052
2,053
Total estimated
ERs
3,495,692
Total number of
crediting years
40
Total number of
crediting years
40
Average annual
ERs
393
Average annual
ERs
87,392
The Long-Term Average GHG benefit from the first group of instances is 5,541 tCO 2e, while
the whole grouped project sums up to 1,969,084 tCO 2e, according to the document AFOLU
Requirements: VCS Version 3.0 section 4.5.5.1.a. The established period determined by the
estimated LTA GHG benefit is 61 years, considering the last harvest/cutting cycle as
indicated in that section.
The buffer for the non-permanence risk is not counted here.
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10
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11
ECOTIERRA will facilitate to the cooperative awareness documents about the shade coffee and cacao
reforestation project.
2
Special software developed by ECOTIERRA to manage the execution of activities for the projects. In the case of
coffee and cacao project, it records the information of the processes linking the eligibility of areas, reforestation,
monitoring and disbursements (nursery, planting, monitoring, etc.).
3
Ecotierra, MINKA User Manual Shade coffee and cacao Project 2013
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12
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13
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14
v3.2
Growth
speed
Fast
Slow
Slow
Fast
Fast
Slow
Slow
Very fast
Fast
Fast
Fast
Slow
Fast
Fast
Fast
Fast
Fast
Slow
Fast
Fast
Slow
Slow
Very fast
Slow
Very fast
Fast
Very
Slow
Origen
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Exotic
Native
Native
Exotic
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
Native
40
Podocarpaceae
Native
40
Myrtaceae
Fast
7
40
Sterculiaceae
Rubiaceae
Native
15
Total Nb
of trees
Cocoa 1
45
90
45
90
270
Cocoa 2
48
35
80
14
133
310
Cocoa 3
84
25
80
14
133
336
Coffee 1
17
34
84
17
80
232
Coffee 2
34
25
62
17
133
271
Coffee 3
51
34
69
34
133
321
Forest massif 1
370
370
370
1110
Forest massif 2
199
422
289
133
67
1110
Forest massif 3
255
178
422
178
77
1110
Forest massif 4
133
289
311
133
244
1110
The producer and cooperative`s technician must first choose the preferred system (Coffee,
Cocoa or Massifs). Then choose one planting patterns of the system in function of the desired
tree density and the number of species. The proposed planting patterns offer a variety of species
growing in terms of their number.
Then, the producer, still with the technical support of the cooperative will choose the desired
species. For each planting pattern densities of trees (number of trees) in each group must be
respected. However, the producer may choose in each group one or more species, or even all
species of tree respecting the minimum number determined for each planting patterns.
Among the ten different planting patterns proposed:
Three were developed for coffee growers:
Coffee 1: More traditional planting pattern: Minimum number of species 5
Coffee 01: Minimal
Species
A
B
C
D
E
Coffee
v3.2
number of species
Distance
Quantity
8x8
17
8x8
34
8x8
84
8x8
17
5x5
80
1.5 X 1.5
4444
Total of tree
232
tree hedge
16
Species
A
B
C
C
C
D
E
Coffee
number of species
Distance
Quantity
8x9
34
8x9
25
8x9
20
8x9
21
8x9
21
8x9
17
3x3
133
1.5 X 1.5
4444
Total of tree
271
tree hedge
Species
A
A
A
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
E
E
Coffee
number of species
Distance
Quantity
10x5
17
10x5
17
10x5
17
10x5
34
10x5
23
10x5
23
10x5
23
10x5
11
10x5
11
10x5
12
3x3
66
3x3
67
1.5 X 1.5
4444
Total of tree
321
tree hedge
tree hedge
Species
A
B
C
E
COCOA
v3.2
number of species
Distance
Quantity
3x3
45
3x3
90
3x3
45
3x3
90
3x3
814
Total of tree
270
17
Species
A
B
C
C
D
E
COCOA
number of species
Quantit
Distance
y
7x8
54
7x8
35
7x8
52
7x8
28
7x8
14
3x3
133
3x3
1111
Total of tree
310
tree hedge
Species
A
A
A
B
C
C
C
D
E
COCOA
Distance
8x6
8x6
8x6
8x6
8x6
8x6
8x6
8x6
3x3
3x3
Total of tree
Quantity
28
28
28
25
26
26
28
14
133
1111
336
tree hedge
Species
A
B
C
number of species
Distance
Quantity
3x3
370
3x3
370
3x3
370
Total of tree
1110
18
Species
A
B
C
D
E
number of species
Distance
Quantity
3x3
199
3x3
422
3x3
289
3x3
133
3x3
67
Total of tree
1 110
Species
A
A
B
C
C
D
E
Distance
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
Total of tree
number of species
Quantity
77
178
178
67
345
178
77
1110
Species
A
A
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
E
E
Distance
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
3x3
Total of tree
number of species
Quantity
44
89
144
145
67
111
133
44
44
45
122
122
1110
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21
The proportion of agroforestry coffee systems, agroforestry cocoa systems and forestry plantations
will also vary according to the new instances and region.
22
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23
Initial
trees/he
ctare
E
90
133
133
80
133
133
0
67
77
244
Year 01
270
310
336
232
271
321
1110
1110
1110
1110
Year 03
130
137
161
135
129
149
555
557
555
553
Year 10
108
122
143
120
120
133
444
446
443
438
Year 20
90
106
119
120
120
120
354
446
356
345
Year 30
90
100
110
120
120
120
300
357
301
302
FENCE
Year 3
to 30
--67
67
64
67
67
---------
The forest protocol includes a timeline with forest management activities of the project.
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24
TOTAL
Year 40
90 trees
167 trees
177 trees
184 trees
187 trees
187 trees
300 trees
300 trees
300 trees
300 trees
: Ecotierra, Environmental Report of the activities of the shade coffee and cacao reforestation project 2014.
v3.2
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Project Location
In general, the project is spread throughout the Andes from North to South. The projects activities
are located on the eastern slopes of and inter-Andean valleys of the Peruvian Andes. The project
which encompasses 12 department of Peru is limited in its altitudinal zone - with a minimum of 80
Meters Above Sea Level (masl) for the cocoa agroforestry systems to a maximum of 2 500 MASL
for forest plantation. However, approximately 90% of the project will be developed between 300
masl and 1 500 masl.
These regions between 300m et 1500masl are known as the most suitable coffee and cocoa
production zones in the country, due to their similar ecological conditions (temperature,
precipitation and soil). Land use patterns in the project areas can be considered as
homogeneous. It comprises areas that are managed by producers members, the Cooperatives
(see section 1.4) and some independent small-scale producers who are joining the cooperative.
The General map of the SHADE COFFEE AND CACAO REFORESTATION PROJECT (SCCR).
Note in green on this map, the zones where are the first group instances of the project.
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26
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27
37 provinces
12 country
Lambayeque Caaris
Junin
Uctubamba
Amazonas
Ayacucho
Cajamarca
Cusco
Chanchamayo
Satipo
Bagua
Rodrguez
Mendoza
Huanta
de
San Ignacio
Madre de
Dios
Tambopata
Pasco
Oxapampa
Puno
Jaen
Carabaylla
Sandia
La Convencion
El dorado
Leoncio Prado
tarapoto
Huanuco
Moyobamba
Pachitea
San Martin
Maran
Jose
Crespo
Castillo
Huanuco
37 provinces
Uchiza
Damaso
Lamas
Luyando
Daniel
Robles
Mariscal Cceres
Shunte
Rupa Rupa
Marino
Veraun
Tocache
Padre Abad
Alomia
Ucayali
Curimana
Chinchao
Irazola
Hermilio Valdizan
Campo Verde
Monzn
The grouped project is made on a single geographic area for the inclusion of new instances as
defined by the VCS criteria. Indeed, the initial conditions that can influence the baseline scenario
and additionality (land use, socioeconomic conditions biophysical and ecological) are sufficiently
homogeneous throughout the scope of the project to justify this grouping. Small Peruvian
producers of coffee and cocoa, with whom we work, form a very homogeneous group with
respect to the management of their lands and plantations and their socioeconomic conditions.
Popular and current agricultural practices (such as "slash and burn, Migratory agriculture, low
density and diversity in the use of shadow when used, etc.) are common to all. We use the same
unique geographic area for the non-permanence risk assessment.
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30
Departm ent
Province
District
Sector
Area (ha)
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
LLAYLLA
C HALLHUAMAYO
3.0293
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
LLAYLLA
VISTA ALEGRE
0.6799
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
HUAHUARI BAJO
4.7626
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
UNION PROGRESO
0.6608
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO TAMBO
VISTA ALEGRE
0.8968
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
C APIRO BAJO
1.7128
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
NUEVA ESPERANZA
1.8801
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
PARATUSHALI
7.6429
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
SANTA C LARA
3.1111
3.58
1.8139
C AC SATIPO JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
PUEBLO LIBRE DE
AZOPE
JUMARP
UTC UBAMBA
YAMON
NUEVO AMAZONAS
AMAZONAS
Total Area By
Cooperative (ha)
27.9563
1.8139
29.7702
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The Soil:
The type of soil found in our project area is of the Acrislica variety. They are typicaly found in
coffee growing area. On the other hand, in the cocoa growing regions of the project that
stretches further down the rain forest it is also possible to encounter the following types of soils:
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Hydrology:
The project will be developed on the territory of most of the Peruvian river basins. The project
activities are carried away from the altitudes refill areas or the origin of these basins (heads of
watersheds). Among the most important watersheds, the project goes through the Maraon
basin, characterized by the importance of its tributaries. The Following basins are located within
the project's area:
Chinchipe River Basin, Utcubamba River Basin, Alto Maran Basin, Imaza River Basin, Sisa
River Basin, Alto Huallaga Basin, Aguayta River Basin, Peren River Basin, Ene River Basin,
Tambo River Basin, Apurimac River Basin, Inambari River Basin, Tambopata River Basin.
Regarding minor courses or streams, it should be noted that these are irregular. Many of them
are dry most of the year despite having at certain times of the year a strong water flow. Others
have a more regular and higher flow allowing intensive agriculture in irrigated areas.
Climate:
In general the project is located on the Eastern flank of the Andes cordillera subject to the dry
coastal climate. Although rain can be observed all year, the climate can be divided into the dry
(summer) and rainy (winter) season. North to South variation depends on the seasons but heat is
more of a factor in the North. Altitude plays an important role in the climate where hot and
humid temperature is found in the low lying areas and the reverse is also true even though the
humidity always remain relatively high. Differential in temperature are high in high altitudes and
narrows as we move toward the coast. The following table summarizes the temperatures and
average precipitation of various departments and provinces without taking into account the most
local variations (due to altitude).
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37
Province
Altitude
Uctubamba
Luya
Rodrigues de Mendoza
Bagua
Huanta
La Mar
San Ignacio
Cutervo
Jaen
La Convension
Maraon
Leoncio Prado
Huamalies
Huanuco
Satipo
Chanchamayo
Lambayeque
(Caaris)
Ferreafe
Madre de Dios
Pasco
Amazonas
Ayacucho
Cajamarca
Cusco
Huanuco
Junin
Puno
SAN MARTIN
Ucayali
882,3 mm
613,5 mm
1 247,2 mm
732,5 mm
701,0 mm
912,1 mm
4C min. A 22 C max.
800 mm
Tambopata
186 msnm
8 C min. A 36 C max.
2 217,9 mm
Oxapampa
8C min. A 30 C max.
993,4 mm
Sandia
760,5 mm
Carabaya
El dorado
Lamas
1 298,6 mm
2 019,6 mm
Picota
Tocache
Huallaga
Mariscal Caceres
Rioja
Moyobamba
Padre Abad
For example, in the Amazonas in the Utcubamba Province the rainy season starts between
October and November declining in December and continuing in March and April, presenting a
summer season between May and August. Its precipitation ranges between 630 and 1800 mm
per year and has 50% of relative humidity, the temperature ranges from 14 C to 22 C in the high
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40
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Annual crop areas: The crop grown in these areas are maize, sorghum, beans etc. The soils
have a low fertility because of past intensive use and often, after harvest, the land will remain
as fallow for several years. An annual crop is a way of using as much as possible the low
productive land and the crops cultivated are not always necessary for the farmers
subsistence.
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B. Degraded pastures:
They are grasslands with some cacti typical of interandean valleys and ignoring the poor
quality of the soil they could be very adapted to coffee shade growing because of the climate
and the altitude at which they are found. The pastures have been cultivated and after have
been allocated for grazing animals, characterized by having a very low vegetation.
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8 Document Ecotierra, Compliance with laws and local regulations related to Shade Coffee & Cacao reforestation
project 2013.
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45
2.
3.
4.
5.
The legal land title is issued but registration at national level is not completed yet:
11
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Documento pblico o documento privado, con firmas legalizadas por Notario Pblico o
Juez de Paz, en el que conste la transferencia de la posesin plena del predio en favor
del poseedor. (Public document or private document, with signatures legalized by a
Notary Public or Justice of the Peace attesting the transfer of full possession of the
property in favor of the possessor).
13.
14.
Certificate issued to the occupant of the land of having outstanding debts payment
contracts with agricultural credit FONDEAGRO or the Ministry of Agriculture or other
financial institutions.
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12
Document prepared by Ecotierra based on Decreto Legislativo Nro 1089; LEY ORGANICA DE GOBIERNOS
REGIONALES Ley Nro.27867
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47
The whole land within the instance must comply as Non-Forest lands according to the
definition of forest of the Peruvian DNA, which is: Threshold of 0.5 hectares, crown cover of
30% and trees height of 5 meters; and has not been a forest for the last 10 years.
2.
All land participating in the project shall not fall in wetland category.
3.
All land participating in the project shall be implemented on degraded lands, which are
expected to remain degraded or to continue to degrade in the absence of the project; hence
the land cannot be expected to revert to a non-degraded state without human intervention.
To demonstrate that the land is degraded or degrading land, it has to comply with the tool
Tool for the identification of degraded or degrading lands for consideration in implementing
CDM A/R project activities (version 01).
4.
In any case, the implementation of the project activity cannot cause soil disturbance that
cover more than, or that is equal to 10 per cent of area.
5.
The lands included in the project shall belong legally to the producers whom voluntarily have
registered in the project. The accepted land titles are Certificado de posesin comunal,
Documento en registros pblicos, Documento notarial de compra y venta, Certificado de
inscripcin registral, Certificado de formalizacin de la propiedad rural - COFOPRI, Ttulo de
propiedad - MINAG. In case of the legal documents are in the process of formalization, the
producer and the cooperatives will work to get them as soon as possible with a delay of 4
years.
To ensure the new instances use the technologies or measures specified in the project
description and apply the technologies or measures in the same manner as specified in the
project description the producer must:
v3.2
48
The producer who registers to participate in the project must be member or join to a
cooperative with a signed agreement or convention with Ecotierra.
7.
Producer must sign the " Assignment Agreement of Rights on Environmental Services
for Storing, Sequestering and/or Capturing Carbon derived from the Shade Coffee
and Cacao Reforestation Project (Contrato de Cesin de Derechos sobre los Servicios
Ambientales de Almacenamiento, Secuestro y/o Captura de Carbono derivados del Proyecto
de Reforestacin de Caf y Cacao Bajo Sombra )" in order to participate in the project.
8.
Producer must follow recommendations of management plant described in the PD for the
tree plantation method. (see section 1.8).
To ensure the new instances are subject to the baseline scenario determined in the project
description for the specified geographic area.
9.
All the instances registered in the Project, must be developed in one of the pre-projetc forest
land use types (initial strata), as identified in section 1.10
To assure futures instances have similar or homogeneous characteristics related to the first group
of instances, the entire geographical area of the project is considered (geographical area of
coffee and cacao cooperatives). All new instances entering the project must belong to associated
producers with similar socioeconomic conditions related to initial producers, conditions that will be
evaluated in our field studies.
To know the first instances ground conditions 10 years before the start of the project, GIS Arcgis
tools, satellite images LANDSAT TM were used in combination with 321 bands, coming from
ESDI 13 web page and the deforestation study from PROCLIM year 2000, producer was also
surveyed to know its economic condition and the historical use of lands;
All instances should comply with criteria specified in items 1 to 9 of present chapter. Based on
criteria mentioned above, tools were designed to assess the land elegibility criteria adapted to
current conditions of the coffee and cocoa cooperatives participating in the project:
Georeferencing Form
The Eligibility Manual explains criteria mentioned above and requirements which producer
needs to fulfill in order to participate in Coffee and Cacao Project, also explains in a detailed
manner how to fill the georeferencing form.
13
http://glcfapp.glcf.umd.edu:8080/esdi/ there are free Landsat images of the planet in different years.
v3.2
49
Leakage Management
The methodology selected by the project activity identifies activity displacement as the only
potential source of leakage. The project does not cause any displacement of activities according
14
Its integrated into the MINKA -Coffee and Cacao Project described in the Ecotierra document, User Manual MINKA Shade Coffee and Cacao Project 2013
v3.2
50
Total area subjected to pre-project grazing activities to be displaced is less than 50 ha.
The result that will move is 11.77 ha. (see Table 12 in section 3.3).
Total number of animals expected to be displaced is not more than 40 LSU. The
resulting displacement is 25 LSU. (see Table 12 in section 3.3).
Total area subjected to pre-project crop cultivation activities to be displaced is less than
5% of the area of the entire A/R CDM project activity, or less than 50 ha. The result
displaced of agricultural activities is 4.1327 hectares (See table 12 in section 3.3).
During the producer`s inscription to the project a questionnaire will evaluate if there will be
any displacement, the type of activities that will generate this displacement, the area
covered and the characteristic of the area where these activities will then take place. The
producers will strongly be encouraged not to have any displacement activities.
After the implementation of the project, a second questionnaire will evaluate the effective
displacement related to the agricultural activities. If the leakage exceeds the norm they will
be accounted for in the ex-post calculation of the projects.
MINAG, Plan Estratgico Sectorial Multianual del Ministerio de Agricultura 2012 - 2016, Ministerio de Agricultura Oficina
de Planeamiento y Presupuesto Unidad de Poltica Sectorial.
v3.2
51
APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY
Title and Reference of Methodology
The methodology to be applied in this VCS ARR project is the CDM Consolidated afforestation
and reforestation methodology, AR-ACM0003: Afforestation and reforestation of lands except
wetlands, Version 01.0.0."
The methodology also refers to the latest approved versions of the following tools, procedures,
guidelines and guidance:
Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality in A/R CDM
project activities, Version 01.016
Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon stocks in dead wood and litter in A/R
CDM project activities, Version 01.1.018
Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon stocks of trees and shrubs in A/R CDM
project activities, Version 03.0.019
Tool for estimation of change in soil organic carbon stocks due to the implementation of A/R CDM
project activities, Version 01.1.021
2.2
Applicability of Methodology
The proposed project activity consists in implementing agro-forestry systems of coffee and cocoa
under forestry shade, as well as forest massifs.
The selected methodology (AR-ACM0003 v1.0) is applicable under the conditions mentioned
below. Following is an assessment of the application of those conditions to the proposed project
activity.
16
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-02-v1.pdf
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-08-v4.0.0.pdf
18
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-12-v2.0.0.pdf
19
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-14-v3.0.0.pdf
20
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-15-v1.pdf
21
http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/ARmethodologies/tools/ar-am-tool-16-v1.1.0.pdf
17
v3.2
52
22
Directrices del IPCC de 2006 para los inventarios nacionales de gases de efecto invernadero Volumen 4 Agricultura,
silvicultura y otros usos de la tierra - capitulo 07 Humedales
23
INFORME FINAL, Caracterizacin de las zonas cafetaleras en el Per, PROAMAZONIA, Ministerio de Agricultura, 136
pag, 2003. INFORME FINAL, Caracterizacin de las zonas productoras de cacao en el Per y su competitividad,
PROAMAZONIA, Ministerio de Agricultura, 207 pag, 2003
v3.2
53
2.3
Project Boundary
According to the AR-ACM0003 v1.0 methodology, the carbon pools selected for accounting of
carbon stock changes shall be at minimum above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass,
the other pools are optional. Our choices are found in table 2.
v3.2
54
Whether
selected
Justification/Explanation
Above-ground
biomass
Yes
Below-ground
biomass
Yes
Soil organic
carbon
Yes
Dead wood
No
Litter
No
Following VCS AFOLU 24 dispositions, above-ground forest biomass, forest biomass, belowground biomass, litter, dead wood, soil carbon and wood products are identified as carbon pools
for ARR projects (see Table 9)
In accordance with CDM A/R methodology, authorized by the VCS AFOLU, litter, deadwood and
soil carbon pools are optional and can be excluded from project activities as long as they do not
significantly reduce the pool. For the present project, carbon reservoirs in litter and deadwood
have been deemed off-limits.
In conclusion, to calculate the removals of this project, counted carbon reservoirs are: Aboveground forest biomass, Below-ground forest biomass, and soil carbon (SOC).
Leakage is not accounted because leakage due to project activity are considered insignificant
(see section 3.3 of this document).
The GHG emission sources selected for accounting indicated in the methodology, is only from
burning of woody biomass. Fire for site preparation is not part of forest management plan;
24
v3.2
55
Gas
Whether
Selected
Justification/Explanation
Burning of
woody
biomass
CO2
No
CH4
No
and
N2O
2.4
Baseline Scenario
Given the chosen methodology, the baseline scenario and the additionality was defined by using
the tool Combined tool to identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate additionality in A/R
CDM project activities, version 01.
The Standard VCS section 3.4.2 states that projects must be grouped in one or more geographic
area within which all project activity instances may be developed.
According to Standard VCS section 3.4.3, for a grouped project, the identification of the "baseline
scenario" and demonstration of additionality should be based on the "initial instances of the
project." The same document (3.4.5) states that the initial instance must be determined for each
geographic area of the project and it is the same for the demonstration of additionality should be
from the initial project activity instances.
The area of the shade-grown coffee and cacao extends across the Peruvian Andes mountain
range, divided in various non-continuous areas, nevertheless, they all share the same conditions
in baseline scenarios and demonstrated additionality.
Indeed, as explained in section 1.10, "Conditions Prior to Project Initiation", the initial conditions
are homogeneous enough in the entirety of the project scope. Small peruvian coffee and cacao
producers form an homogeneous group in regard to land and plantation management, with
traditional farming customs such as "slash-and-burn", shifting cultivation, low density cultivation,
among others, all of which are very common in Peru.
v3.2
56
v3.2
57
Project stratification
The v.1.0 AR-ACM003 methodology indicates the stratification of the project area in order to
improve the accuracy of estimates of biomass.
As recommended by methodology, since the project areas are not homogeneous baseline
stratification is justified. This was performed according to the types of vegetation. It is expected
that baseline removal of degraded soil may be lower when compared with projects activities
removals.
As stated in section 1.10 Conditions prior to project initiation, 3 types of land use have already
been identified according to the kind to eligible vegetation within the project:
Degraded pastures,
As 3 strata are identified for the baseline scenario, the procedure that follows is applied 3 times.
v3.2
58
Continued pre-project land use25: The plots continue to be exploited for their annual and
perennial fruit crops. This scenario will last until the soil exhaustion (2-5 years), when the
plot is abandoned.
2)
The plots are abandoned and they became a fallow 26 . By significantly reducing the
volume of harvesting of crops, the plot is abandoned (5-10 years, but it can last up to 20
years, depending on the soil quality and pressure put by producers), this is covered with
herbaceous vegetation, then shrub and tree in forest succession which is interrupted
again by slash and burn when producer considers that fertility has been restored to a
sufficient level to make a new culture period.
3)
The plot is turned into a coffee and cocoa traditional crop: This scenario would occur after
its use has been annual or perennial fruit crops. It would only be possible if the trading
price of the fruits of coffee and cocoa are high. We can assess the likelihood of this
scenario based on the annual growth surfaces of these crops in Peru: being on average
4.13%/year for coffee27 and 9%/year for cocoa28 , in any event, the shadow tree would be
nonexistent or scanty, little diversified and poorly managed. These trees would be
systematically destroyed every 7 to 15 years for coffee, and 10 to 20 years for cocoa.
4)
Forestation of lands within the project limits without being registered as A/R project.
Continuation of the pre-project land use: The plots continue to be grasslands. It is very
likely that this scenario leads to degradation. Slow soil exhaustion and biomass reduction
25
59
The plot is turned into a coffee and cocoa traditional crop: This scenario is very unlikely,
small producers are aware of the poor soil quality and fertility. They could choose other
types of vegetation covers as fallows or secondary forests.
3)
Forestation of lands within the project limits without being registered as A/R project.
Strata 3: Wasteland and fallow of one to three years old alternative land use scenario:
1)
Continued pre-project land use 29 : The plot with 1 to 3 year purma vegetation cover
continues to be abandoned, it is in recovery period. Under this scenario is very likely to
last 7 to 9 years, it can take up to 20 years depending on soil degradation and pressure
by producers to renew their farms by turning them in croplands or pasture (depending on
the soil fertility state). This scenario is temporary, when the plot is recovered (purma or
secondary forest), vegetation will be destroyed and the crop will be set up again.
2)
The plot is turned into a coffee and cocoa traditional crop: This scenario would occur after
its land use has been annual or perennial fruit crops. It would only be possible if trading
price of the fruits of coffee and cocoa are high. We can assess the likelihood of this
scenario based on the annual growth surfaces of these crops in Peru: Being on average
4.3%/year for coffee and 9%/year for cocoa, in any event, the shade tree is non-existent
or scanty, little diversified and poorly managed. These trees would be systematically
destroyed every 7 to 15 years for coffee, and 10 to 20 years for cocoa.
3)
The plot becomes unsustainable farming area 30: The need for food, short-term revenue,
and the inability of small producers to invest in more profitable perennial crops (coffee
and cocoa) are reasons for making it a likely scenario. Once implemented the crop, this
scenario remains until the soil exhaustion (2-5 years), when the plot is abandoned. These
crops are unsustainable due to the soil fertility exhaustion.
4)
The plot becomes degraded pastures 31 This scenario is the easiest and cheapest way of
taking advantage of the plots. Purchasing animals and their low maintenance cost make
this a very likely scenario. The common practice of cleaning cycles is through fire or
herbicides (rarely by hand), adding the lack of measures to protect soil erosion that leads
to a loss of organic matter and the soil structure exhaustion. After a substantial loss of
fertility, the plots are used for grazing. Abandoning land care, grazing and erosion due to
trampling continue to degrade soil.
29
60
Forestation of lands within the project limits carried out without being registered as A/R
project.
Step 1b: Consistency of credible alternative land use scenarios with enforced mandatory
applicable laws and regulations.
All the scenarios identified, except one (forestation land scenario), and their alternatives are
subsistence farming activities for the local farmers and compliant with all mandatory applicable
legal and regulatory requirements.
As for the forestation land scenario, "Forestal y Fauna Silvestre No. 27308", the current to make
use of the forest trees as extraction activities required to develop a forest management plan and
submitting it to the competent authority, after the competent authority submitted a field trip
program to evaluate and give subsequent to the extraction permit issuance.
Under the new Forest Law (Ley Forestal y Fauna Silvestre No. 29763), which will soon come
into effect, privately owned land will no longer be subject to submit management plan.
According to Section 5, and Section 111 of the new law, the state emphasizes the promotion of
reforestation (outside primary and secondary forest) as it contributes to the improvement of the
soil and the environment in degraded areas.
None of the above scenario is in conflict with local and national Peruvian laws.
List of barriers that may prevent one or more land use scenarios identified in
step 1b.
Investment barriers:
-
32
v3.2
61
Producers establishing of coffee and cocoa crops, do not consider the forest shade.
Peruvian coffee40 is grown with very little shade, while cocoa 41 is grown in many cases
without shadow.
34
62
They do not have adequate training in the management of land use 46; they prefer to apply
the simple methods of land use over the more complex methods of land use.
Other Barriers
j)
Business Informality: According to the "Research Institute of the Peruvian Amazon (IIAP)"
70% of logging in the country is of illegal origin. Therefore, this market (wood market) is
largely out of control and does not provide security and stability in prices, limited to small
producers decided to choose this activity.
Generally producers seek safety and ease in selling their products at short term 47:
-
42
MINAG, Plan Estratgico Sectorial Multianual del Ministerio de Agricultura 2012 - 2016, Ministerio de Agricultura Oficina
de Planeamiento y Presupuesto Unidad de Poltica Sectorial, 123 pag, 2012
43
Castro P., Contreras Y., Laca D., Nakamatsu K., Caf de Especialidad: Alternativa para el sector cafetalero Peruano,
PROGRAMA MAGSTER ENADMINISTRACIN, ESAN, Ao 9, n. 17, 24 pag, 2004
44 Meza, Abel; Sabogal, Csar y De Jong, Wil. Rehabilitacin de reas Degradadas en la Amazona Peruana. Revisin de
experiencias y lecciones aprendidas. Indonesia: CIFOR, 2006
45 45 Dourojeanni M, Aprovechamiento del barbecho forestal en reas de agricultura migratoria en la Amazonia peruana Lima,
Revista Forestal del Per, v.14, n.2, p.15-61, 1987
46
MINAG, Plan Estratgico Sectorial Multianual del Ministerio de Agricultura 2012 - 2016, Ministerio de Agricultura Oficina
de Planeamiento y Presupuesto Unidad de Poltica Sectorial, 123 pag, 2012
47 Castro P., Contreras Y., Laca D., Nakamatsu K., Caf de Especialidad: Alternativa para el sector cafetalero Peruano,
PROGRAMA MAGSTER ENADMINISTRACIN, ESAN, Ao 9, n. 17, 24 pag, 2004
v3.2
63
Step 2b: Elimination of land use scenarios that are prevent by the identified barriers and
list of land use scenarios that are not prevent by any barriers.
Removal of the following scenarios is summarized here:
Identifying alternative land use scenarios suggested for the ARR
project
Barriers limiting
scenarios
Strata 1: Crop areas (Areas of annual crops and perennial fruit crops)
1) Continued pre-project land use.
2) The plots are abandoned and they became a fallow
3) The plot is turned into a coffee and cocoa traditional crop
a, c, l, i
a, b, c, d, j, i
d, f, g, k, l, i
a, b, c, d, j, i
d, f, g, k, l, i
a, b, c, d, j, i
In the first part (Step 1), we describe the scenarios for each of the initial strata of the project. In
Step 2b, common scenarios that meet the different strata are grouped together to lighten the
report.
i. For strata 1, 2 and 3 the "Forestation of lands without being registered as A/F project
scenario is prevented by the following barriers: a, b, c, d, j, i. As it is hampered by barrier
unless the producer retains a mature plantation as "insurance."
The project is developed not only on the producers land, but full agricultural zone. It is clearly
demonstrated that the producers have no tendency to move towards what they do not know,
even less to invest time or money unless there is a clear short term benefits. As already
stated farmers have a projection towards the expansion of the agricultural frontier and not
towards reforestation. It also has a strong propensity to invest their time in food crops that
gives short term benefits rather than any other. While the governments promotes
48
PUR PROJET. ALTO HUAYABAMBA: CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION THROUGH REFORESTATION WITH
SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN PERU, SAN MARTIN REGION. Document project carbone. 65 pag. 2011
v3.2
64
Strata 1
Strata 2
Degraded pastures; or
Strata 3
For stratas 1, 2 and 3 (crop areas, degraded pastures, wastelands and fallow for one to three
years), the remaining scenarios represent the continuation of current activities, common
practices and cannot be identify barriers that affect them. These scenarios are still the most
prone to the "natural" evolution of each of these strata. It will degrade according to the cycle of
anthropogenic exploitation49: For a period of time, these plots remains as a crops when the land
49
65
50
66
51
67
2.5
Additionality
According to STEP 4: Common practice analysis of section 2.4 Baseline and Additionality, it is
proven that reforestation is not a common practice in the project zone. For each of the three initial
strata of the project, the expected and most probable scenario is the continuity of pre-project
activities (degraded areas).
In conclusion, no long-term activities are observed to be similar to those proposed by the project,
with the objective of reforestation; therefore, we can establish that activities proposed by the A/R
project for carbon retention goals prove to be additional.
2.6
Methodology Deviations
There are no anticipated deviations of the methodology.
v3.2
68
3
3.1
CBSL,t
CTREE _ BSL,t Change in carbon stock in baseline tree biomass within the project boundary in year
t, as estimated in the tool Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon
stocks of trees and shrubs in A/R CDM project activities; t CO2-e
CSHRUB _ BSL,t
Change in carbon stock in baseline shrub biomass within the project boundary, in
year t, as estimated in the tool Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon
stocks of trees and shrubs in A/R CDM project activities; t CO2-e
CDW _ BSL,t Change in carbon stock in baseline dead wood biomass within the project boundary,
in year t, as estimated in the tool Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon
stocks in dead wood and litter in A/R CDM project activities; t CO2-e
CLI _ BSL,t
Change in carbon stock in baseline litter biomass within the project boundary, in
year t, as estimated in the tool Estimation of carbon stocks and change in carbon
stocks in dead wood and litter in A/R CDM project activities; t CO2-e
Carbon pools named dead wood and litter will not be considered under this project as explained
above in section 2.3 . Therefore, these carbon pools are assumed to be zero for the baseline,
v3.2
69
CTREE _ BSL,t
0 ; CSHRUB _ BSL,t 0
Under these conditions, the net GHG removals by sinks baseline are not significant. In addition,
they do not mean positive changes in carbon stocks in the long term because the pre-project
vegetation cover are degraded lands that would remain degraded in the absence of the project;
and any positive change of regeneration on vegetation would destroy it by shifting cultivation
activities55.
Therefore the baseline net GHG removals by sinks will be determined as for each pool in the
baseline scenario:
3.2
Project Emissions
Estimation of changes in the carbon stocks
Stratification of project planting/management plans:
The project proposes to the producers a choice of 10 planting / management plan: 3 for coffee
under shade; 3 for cocoa under shade; and 4 for forest massifs as stated in Section 1.8.
For the ex-ante calculation of the project biomass, the project area is stratified according to
those 10 planting/management plan and the year of implantation (there is 11 years of
implantation for this grouped project).
54
MINKA Report: Registration of existing trees and georeferenced photographs of the pre-project vegetation cover
of the first group of instances
55
Dourojeanni M, Aprovechamiento del barbecho forestal en reas de agricultura migratoria en la Amazonia
peruana Lima, Revista Forestal del Per, v.14, n.2, p.15-61, 1987
Meza, Abel; Sabogal, Csar y De Jong, Wil. Rehabilitacin de reas Degradadas en la Amazona Peruana.
Revisin de experiencias y lecciones aprendidas. Indonesia: CIFOR, 2006
FAO. Polticas Pecuarias 03: Ganadera y deforestacin. Subdireccin de Informacin Ganadera y de Anlisis y
Poltica del Sector, Direccin de Produccin y Sanidad Animal, 8 pag, 2006.
v3.2
70
(2)
where:
C ACTUAL = Actual net GHG removals by sinks; t CO2-e
CP = Sum of the changes the carbon stock in the selected carbon pools within the
project boundary (t CO2-e)
GHGE = Increase in non-CO2 GHG emissions within the project boundary as a
result of the implementation of the A/R CDM project activity (t CO2-e)
Change in carbon stock in all selected carbon pools, in year t, is calculated using the following
equation 3:
(3)
where:
v3.2
Cp,t = Change in carbon stock in all selected carbon pools in the project scenario, in
year t; t CO2-e
t = 1, 2, 3, ... t years elapsed since the start of the A/R CDM project activity.
71
(4)
BTREE , j, p,i,t
fj(x1p,i,t,x2p,i,t,x3p,i,t)
Rj
Section 5.5. Actual net GHG removals by sinks Paragraph 16 of methodology AR-ACM000 3 v1.0.0
Ecotierra, Compilation of agroforestry schemes and clumps of cocoa and coffee cooperatives and shade coffee and
cacao project 2013
58
Dissertations, local consultants, all scientific papers compiled in the document: Ecotierra. Bibliographic sources of
Mean Annual Increase (AAI) and Basic density (BD), of forestry species from Shade Coffe and Cacao Project. 2013
56
57
v3.2
72
EQUATION
Other species
R2
Reference
0.99
(1)59
0.97
(2)60
0.98
(3)61 (Broadleaf)
0.96
(4)62 (Conifers)
0.71
(5)63
0.88
(6)64
0.98
(7)65
5. The forest species growing information was used with the allometric equations to know
the biomass, this way the long term biomass growth was determined for each tree
species. With this data the tree species were grouped in five categories A, B, C, D and E,
according to their long term biomass growth value (see table 11), and also the average
biomass growth per year per group as seen in table 12.
Table 11. Tree species grouped by Long Term Average (LTA) biomass growth
GROUP
A
B
C
D
E
BIOMASS VALUES
LTA
(Tonnes/tree)
(tonnes/group)
2.17 - 1.84
1.31 - 1.05
0.80 - 0.14
0.36 - 0.14
0.11 - 0.04
1.63
1.02
0.66
0.31
0.03
59
Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown S., Cairns, M. A., Chambers, J. Q., Eamus, D., Flster, H., Fromard, F., Higuchi, N.,
Kira, T., Lescure, J.-P., Nelson, B. W., Ogawa, H., Puig, H., Rira, B. and Yamakura, T. 2005. Tree allometry and
improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests, Oecologia, 145: 8799.
60
Brown, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: a primer. FAO Forestry Paper 134,
Rome, Italy.
61
LULUCF. 2003. Orientacin del IPCC sobre las Buenas Practicas para UTCUTS. Cuadro 4.A.1
62
LULUCF. 2003. Orientacin del IPCC sobre las Buenas Practicas para UTCUTS. Cuadro 4.A.1
63
Segura, M., M. Kanninen and D. Surez. 2006. Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass of shade
trees and coffe plants in agroforestry systems in Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Submitted to Agroforestry Systems.
64
Samaniego, D. 2009 Estimacin de la cantidad de carbono capturado por Guazuma crinita en una plantacin de 8
aos en Ucayali. Tesis para optar el Titulo de Ingeniero forestal. UNALM. Lima Peru.
65
LULUCF. 2003. Orientacin del IPCC sobre las Buenas Practicas para UTCUTS. Cuadro 4.A.1
v3.2
73
Anual average biomass growth projection per group per year (Tonnes)
Year
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
31
1.598
0.618
0.064
0.047
0.048
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
32
1.770
0.707
0.083
0.060
0.053
0.004
0.008
0.004
0.002
0.002
33
1.954
0.810
0.108
0.076
0.059
0.011
0.023
0.012
0.005
0.003
34
2.152
0.928
0.139
0.096
0.067
0.023
0.048
0.024
0.011
0.005
35
2.363
1.064
0.178
0.120
0.077
0.041
0.087
0.043
0.019
0.008
36
2.589
1.218
0.225
0.148
0.074
0.067
0.140
0.068
0.031
0.013
37
2.828
1.391
0.281
0.180
0.084
0.101
0.209
0.101
0.047
0.019
38
3.081
1.584
0.346
0.218
0.093
0.143
0.294
0.143
0.067
0.014
39
3.348
1.797
0.421
0.260
0.104
0.196
0.398
0.193
0.091
0.020
40
3.630
2.031
0.506
0.308
0.116
10
0.258
0.519
0.253
0.120
0.026
41
0.001
0.001
0.217
0.019
0.003
11
0.331
0.217
0.323
0.066
0.006
42
0.004
0.008
0.271
0.026
0.001
12
0.416
0.276
0.403
0.084
0.008
43
0.011
0.023
0.333
0.034
0.001
13
0.511
0.349
0.494
0.105
0.012
44
0.023
0.048
0.404
0.046
0.003
14
0.619
0.438
0.596
0.131
0.017
45
0.041
0.087
0.483
0.061
0.004
15
0.740
0.543
0.709
0.161
0.010
46
0.067
0.140
0.099
0.079
0.007
16
0.873
0.666
0.248
0.195
0.016
47
0.101
0.209
0.125
0.102
0.010
17
1.019
0.809
0.292
0.235
0.020
48
0.143
0.294
0.156
0.129
0.014
18
1.178
0.971
0.343
0.280
0.026
49
0.196
0.398
0.196
0.161
0.018
19
1.351
1.153
0.401
0.331
0.033
50
0.258
0.519
0.243
0.199
0.024
20
1.537
1.356
0.468
0.387
0.042
51
0.331
0.217
0.299
0.153
0.003
21
0.509
0.155
0.202
0.106
0.026
52
0.416
0.276
0.364
0.180
0.004
22
0.576
0.182
0.245
0.121
0.019
53
0.511
0.349
0.439
0.210
0.006
23
0.650
0.218
0.296
0.139
0.024
54
0.619
0.438
0.525
0.245
0.008
24
0.732
0.266
0.355
0.160
0.027
55
0.740
0.543
0.621
0.284
0.010
25
0.823
0.328
0.423
0.184
0.032
56
0.873
0.666
0.616
0.329
0.014
26
0.924
0.406
0.501
0.213
0.039
57
1.019
0.809
0.716
0.379
0.018
27
1.036
0.500
0.589
0.246
0.047
58
1.178
0.971
0.827
0.434
0.023
28
1.159
0.612
0.688
0.283
0.057
59
1.351
1.153
0.948
0.495
0.029
29
1.293
0.743
0.797
0.326
0.055
60
1.537
1.356
1.081
0.562
0.036
30
1.439
0.892
0.918
0.374
0.065
61
0.509
0.155
0.009
0.000
0.016
Annual growth projection for biomass of each scheme will be shown until year 61 following
recommendations stated in section 4.5.5.1.a from de document AFOLU Requirements V3.0.
v3.2
74
6. For each category is used an annual growth rate, and a growing projection is performed
for each cropping pattern starting with the number of trees on the following table:
Table 13: Schemes and groups at the beginning of the (Year 01)
TOTAL
Thinning
intensity during
the live cycle of
the project
45
48
84
17
34
51
370
199
255
133
90
35
25
34
25
34
370
422
178
289
45
80
80
84
62
69
370
289
422
311
0
14
14
17
17
34
0
133
178
133
90
133
133
80
133
133
0
67
77
244
270
310
336
232
271
321
1110
1110
1110
1110
67%
68%
67%
48%
56%
63%
73%
73%
73%
73%
Year 01
COCOA1 (E1)
COCOA2 (E2)
COCOA3 (E3)
COFFE 1 (E4)
COFFE 2 (E5)
COFFE 3 (E6)
MASSIF 1 (E7)
MASSIF 2 (E8)
MASSIF 3 (E9)
MASSIF 4 (E10)
Biomass average annual growing is multiplied on each category within the pattern to
determine growing rate projection for each sowing scheme.
7. Taking into consideration the value of harvesting cycles of each forestry species grouped
in the same category, during the whole cycle of the project, it will be apply to harvests and
thinnings affecting the number of trees in schemes as shown in the table bellow:
Table 14: Schemes and groups over the years 40 to 61
v3.2
75
SHADE
COCOA
52.000%
SHADE
COFFEE
11.000%
FOREST
MASSIF
Schemes
37.000%
Cocoa1
70%
36.40%
Cocoa2
20%
10.40%
Cocoa3
10%
5.20%
Coffee1
70%
7.70%
Coffee2
20%
2.20%
Coffee3
10%
1.10%
Massif 1
50%
18.50%
Massif 2
30%
11.10%
Massif 3
10%
3.70%
Massif 4
10%
3.70%
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Hectare
29.77
581.23
600.00
750.00
1,000.00
1,000.00
1,150.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
2,000.00
2,000.00
v3.2
76
The areas of plots (instances) o which the tool is applied do not fall into wetland category,
do not contain organic soils and are not subject to any of the land management practices
and application of inputs listed in Tables 1 and 2 of the tool:
For Baseline cropland management practices in Tropical, montane, Short-term or set
aside cropland with no or very low tillage and no or little inputs.
For Baseline grassland management practices in Tropical, montane, the land are
degraded to very degraded with no inputs.
And the project activity meets the following conditions: litter remains on site and is not
removed, soil disturbance is in accordance with appropriate conservation practices, very
limited to site preparation and will not be repeated within 20 years.
Table 17: Parameters used for estimation of SOC
Parameter
Symbol
Reference SOC
SOCREF,i
(tC/ha)
Stratum 1: Crop land
Land use factor
fLU ,i
Management factor
Input factor
Stratum 2: Grassland
Land use factor
Management factor
Input factor
Value
63
0.88
f MG,i
1.09
fIN,i
0.94
fLU ,i
f MG,i
1
0.70
fIN,i
1.00
The initial SOC stock (SOCINITIAL,i) at the start of the project is estimated as follows:
v3.2
77
dSOC t,i:
t; t C/ha/yr
SOC REF,i :
Reference SOC stock corresponding to the reference condition in
native lands by climate region and soil types applicable to stratum i of the area of land;
tC/ha
SOCINICIAL,I :
SOC stock at the beginning of the A/R CDM project activity in stratum i
of the areas of land
SOC LOSS,i :
Loss of SOC caused by soil disturbance attributable the A/R CDM
project activity, in stratum i of the areas of land ; tC/ha
The rate of change in SOC stock in stratum i of the area of land, in year
t :1, 2, 3, years elapsed since the start of the A/R CDM project activity
GHGE = GHGE,t
v3.2
where:
GHGE = Increase in GHG emissions as a result of the implementation of the proposed A/R
CDM project activity within the project boundary (t CO2-e)
78
t = 1, 2, 3, ... t years elapsed since the start of the A/R CDM project activity.
The "A/R Methodological Tool: Estimation of non-CO2 GHG emissions resulting from burning of
biomass attributable to an A/R CDM project activity, Version 04.1.0" specifies that; emission of
non-CO2 GHGs resulting from use of fire in site preparation are estimated as "0" (zero) "for all
areas of land where: (i) Slash-and-burn is a common practice in the baseline, and (ii) Fire has
been used in the area at least once during the period of ten years preceding the start of the A/R
CDM project activity". These 2 criteria are founds across the project`s area and evidence of
burning have been observed during the registration visits of the first group instances.
The emissions caused by CH4 and N2O during the implementation of the project are therefore
considered to be zero.
The burning activity is not permitted under this project, but in the event it happens, the CO2
emissions due to burning of biomass will be accounted as a change in carbon stock.
Ex-post estimation of GHG removals
For ex-post estimation of GHG removals, biomass stock per ha will be calculated for each
stratum, based on field data measurements from permanent sampling plots for tree biomass
(above and below ground), and SOC.
For the ex-post estimation of tree biomass calculation allometric equation will be applied,
including measuring the additional parameter "tree height", which is indicated in the monitoring
plan. It will be possible to use new allometric equations in case future investigaciones
investigations show better adaptation to the conditions of forest species of the project.
For sampling of soil are taken before project installation and will regularly be taken during the first
20 years after the establishment of plots on control plots randomly selected. This is to assess the
actual SOC stock change during the project (see monitoring section). If there are any problems
that cannot be solved with the sampling of one of those pools, the concerned pool will not be
used in the analysis of carbon data.
3.3
Leakage
According the applied methodology the only leakage emissions that can occur are the GHG
emissions due to displacement of pre-project agricultural activities. Procedure to be used for
calculation of ex ante leakage is described in AR-ACM0003 methodology (Version 01.0.0) under
the section 5.6 Leakage. Leakage emissions are estimated as follows:
v3.2
79
LKAGRICt
According to the methodology, the leakage must be calculated from the "Estimation of the
increase in GHG emissions attributable to displacement of pre-project agricultural activities in A/R
CDM project activity. This tool refers to two guidelines to evaluate leakage if the leaks are
considered to be significant. Firstly, "Guidelines on conditions under which increase in GHG
emissions attributable to displacement of pre-project crop cultivation activities in A/R CDM project
activity is insignificant" (A), (Version 01). Secondly, Guidelines on conditions under which
increase in GHG emissions related to displacement of pre-project grazing activities in A/R CDM
project activity is insignificant (B) (Version 01).
The application of these two guidelines led to the conclusion that the increase in GHG emissions
due to displacement of pre-project activities attributable to the A/R CDM project activity is
deemed insignificant and that this source can be neglected.
Table 18: Summary of producer surveys regarding leakage of the first group of instances
Grazing Displacement
Cooperative Department
v3.2
Province
District
Village
Instance
Code
Estimated
area of
rural land
(Ha)
Area
instance
(Ha)
Number of
animals
Cattle
Will
displace
activities
25
x
x
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
PARATUSHALI
2096033101
44.8
7.6429
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
HUAHUARI BAJO
2096623602
140
0.5527
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
LLAYLLA
VISTA ALEGRE
2096968402
3.7092
10
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
UNION PROGRESO
2004296601
0.6608
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
CAPIRO BAJO
872932402
15
1.7128
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
HUAHUARI BAJO
2096354701
74
3.446
17
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
NUEVA ESPERANZA
2098344901
1.8801
10
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
SANTA CLARA
2096427002
30
3.1111
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO TAMBO
VISTA ALEGRE
4195787001
10
0.8968
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
RIO NEGRO
HUAHUARI BAJO
2096419001
10
0.7639
CAC SATIPO
JUNIN
SATIPO
SATIPO
20
3.5800
JUMARP
AMAZONAS
UTCUBAMBA
YAMON
1.8139
368.8
29.7702
NUEVO AMAZONAS
4034994201
80
Total area subjected to pre-project grazing activities to be displaced is less than 50 ha;
Total area subjected to pre-project crop cultivation activities to be displaced is less than
5% of the area of the entire A/R CDM project activity, or less than 50 ha.
v3.2
81
Years
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
2,013
2,014
2,015
2,016
2,017
2,018
2,019
2,020
2,021
2,022
2,023
2,024
2,025
2,026
2,027
2,028
2,029
2,030
2,031
2,032
2,033
2,034
2,035
2,036
2,037
2,038
2,039
2,040
2,041
2,042
2,043
2,044
2,045
2,046
2,047
2,048
2,049
2,050
2,051
2,052
2,053
Total
v3.2
Estimated baseline
emissions or removals
(tCO2e)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Estimated project
emissions or removals
(tCO2e)
0
117
339
697
829
1,283
1,875
2,617
3,488
4,559
5,805
4,210
5,127
6,181
7,380
8,706
7,919
9,229
10,691
12,311
14,095
2,549
2,936
3,423
3,997
4,673
5,459
6,364
7,394
8,528
9,818
5,612
6,318
7,113
8,007
9,007
10,093
11,316
12,655
14,117
15,706
Estimated leakage
emissions (tCO2e)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Estimated net
GHG emission
reductions or
removals (tCO2e)
0
117
339
697
829
1,283
1,875
2,617
3,488
4,559
5,805
4,210
5,127
6,181
7,380
8,706
7,919
9,229
10,691
12,311
14,095
2,549
2,936
3,423
3,997
4,673
5,459
6,364
7,394
8,528
9,818
5,612
6,318
7,113
8,007
9,007
10,093
11,316
12,655
14,117
15,706
15,706
82
Years
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
2,013
2,014
2,015
2,016
2,017
2,018
2,019
2,020
2,021
2,022
2,023
2,024
2,025
2,026
2,027
2,028
2,029
2,030
2,031
2,032
2,033
2,034
2,035
2,036
2,037
2,038
2,039
2,040
2,041
2,042
2,043
2,044
2,045
2,046
2,047
2,048
2,049
2,050
2,051
2,052
2,053
Estimated baseline
emissions or removals
(tCO2e)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Estimated project
emissions or
removals (tCO2e)
0
117
2,615
9,657
24,201
43,960
76,479
125,250
194,905
293,442
429,160
605,221
772,658
970,408
1,188,528
1,438,820
1,727,466
2,000,067
2,268,614
2,552,370
2,788,528
3,018,079
3,192,166
3,345,098
3,438,934
3,380,910
3,303,268
3,288,673
3,106,004
2,892,521
2,419,005
1,875,496
2,065,730
2,280,608
2,495,655
2,689,508
2,903,110
3,108,290
3,263,034
3,423,447
3,495,692
Estimated leakage
emissions (tCO2e)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
117
2,615
9,657
24,201
43,960
76,479
125,250
194,905
293,442
429,160
605,221
772,658
970,408
1,188,528
1,438,820
1,727,466
2,000,067
2,268,614
2,552,370
2,788,528
3,018,079
3,192,166
3,345,098
3,438,934
3,380,910
3,303,268
3,288,673
3,106,004
2,892,521
2,419,005
1,875,496
2,065,730
2,280,608
2,495,655
2,689,508
2,903,110
3,108,290
3,263,034
3,423,447
3,495,692
Total
v3.2
3,495,692
83
4
4.1
MONITORING
Data and Parameters Available at Validation
-3
Data unit:
t d.m. m
Description:
Source of data:
Value applied:
v3.2
Dj
N/A
84
CFj
-1
t C t d.m.
Carbon fraction of tree biomass for species or group
of species j
-1
Source of data:
Value applied:
0.47
The default value of 0.47 is used as there is no
available transparent and verifiable information to
justify a different value in forest cover of Peru.
Data / Parameter:
Rj
Data unit:
Dimensionless
Description:
d.m.
Source of data:
Where:
Y= root biomass in Tn ha-1 of dry matter
ln = natural logarithm
exp = e to the power of
Bt = aboveground biomass in t d.m. ha-1
Value applied:
v3.2
Purpose of Data
Any comment:
N/A
85
Data / Parameter:
f j ( x1 p ,i ,t , x2 p ,i ,t , x3 p ,i ,t ,...)
Data unit:
t d.m.
Description:
Source of data:
Value applied:
Justification of choice of data or
description of measurement
methods and procedures applied:
Purpose of Data
Any comment:
v3.2
N/A
N/A
86
DBH
Data unit:
cm
Description:
Source of data:
Value applied:
from 5 cm
N/A
Purpose of Data
Any comment:
4.2
v3.2
N/A
Apar
Hectares
Description:
Source of data:
Description of measurement
methods and procedures to be
applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
100%
Monitoring equipment:
GPS calibration
Randomly verification of field data.
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
87
Measured
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) prescribed
under national forest inventory are applied. In the
absence of these, SOPs from published handbooks, or
from the IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003, may be applied.
Every verification
N/A
GPS (Garmin SCx); or other high precision instrument
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
ai
m2
2
Description:
Source of data:
Description of measurement
methods and
procedures to be applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
Monitoring equipment:
v3.2
East, north
UTM
Location coordinates of the sample plots
(a)
(b)
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
88
Description of measurement
methods and procedures to be
applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
Monitoring equipment:
v3.2
DBH
cm
Diameter at breast height of tree
Field measurements in sample plots
Usually the diameter at breast height of the tree, but it
could be any other diameter or dimensional
measurement (e.g. basal diameter, root-collar
diameter, basal area, etc.) applicable for the model or
data source used. Standard operating procedures
(SOPs) prescribed under national forest inventory are
applied. In the absence of these, SOPs from
published handbooks, or from the IPCC GPG LULUCF
2003, are applied.
A first comprehensive sampling will be carried out before
or four year project. For each verification, at least once
every 5 years.
N/A
Caliper or diameter tape; or other high precision
instrument.
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
89
Description of measurement
methods and procedures to be
applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
N/A
Monitoring equipment:
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
%C
Dimensionless
% Organic carbon Soil
Description of measurement
methods and procedures to be
applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
Monitoring equipment:
v3.2
H
meter
Height of trees
Field measurements in sample plots
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) prescribed
under national forest inventory are applied. In the
absence of these, SOPs from published handbooks, or
from the IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003, are applied.
This monitored variable applies only to the case of
allometric equations that fit the forest species of the
project.
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
Any comment:
N/A
N/A
90
Description of measurement
methods and
procedures to be applied:
Frequency of
monitoring/recording:
Value applied:
Monitoring equipment:
QA/QC procedures to be applied:
N/A
N/A
N/A
Purpose of Data
Calculation method:
N/A
It is acceptable to determine this ratio for three
randomly selected sample plots in a stratum and then
apply the average ratio to all plots in that stratum.
Any comment:
v3.2
91
The project proponent has developed an operation plan that describes the activities of the coffee
and cacao project throughout the period of accreditation. This document is being updated, and as
the project progresses tools will be adapted to existing activities to meet the activities of this
section.
1.
v3.2
92
A second ECOTIERRA team would conduct a new audit of the same land and increase
the sample in sensitive areas (cooperatives demonstrating a wide margin of error),
b)
Plots that do not match the data could be rejected from the project,
c)
Technicians of the cooperatives are retrained and will redo the work of initial monitoring
plots.
v3.2
Planting: Date of planting, project activity stratum (Confirmation of the adopted system
and planning scheme) - the number of trees planted will be calculated from the data
obtained.
93
Harvesting date and volumes of wood removed by specie (DBH, length and species).
Disturbances: date, location, kind of disturbance, affected area (using GPS), significance,
whether anthropogenic or natural (disease, insects, fire, unplanned cuts, etc..). All
substantial businesses disturbances (any event that results in a loss of more than 5% of
carbon stocks in pools) from human or natural causes will be documented on an annual
basis and the biomass lost will be measured by an ECOTIERRA crew.
Geographic boundary of the project: After plantations are established the project
boundary (instances boundary), and strata boundaries, will be re measured and adjusted.
This will be done by using GPS and the information will be organized in GIS format and in
the MINKA system where they will be compared with initials pre-project boundaries.
Areas of each stratum will be recalculated and adjusted accordingly.
Every visit to the parcelled, the technician will mark a GPS point on the plot and for some key
information a geo-referenced picture. The sampling will be carried out in such a way that it
ensures that commonly established principles of forest inventory and management are put
into practice.
In all cases, the information gathered is sent to ECOTIERRA, computerized and stored in the
system internal database (MINKA) according to the same procedures for processing and
storage of information illustrated in point 1.
For each group of instances implanted in a year, an audit will be performed the following year
by ECOTIERRA or the CENTRAL supervised by ECOTIERRA on a sample that complies
with the margin of error of 10% with 90% confidence to ensure that the information provided
by the cooperative is correct and to improve the technician work and pertinence of the
questionnaire. If a margin of more than 10% error was encountered, and depending on the
source of the errors detected:
a) A second ECOTIERRA team would conduct a new audit of the same land and increase
the sample in sensitive areas (cooperatives demonstrating a wide margin of error),
b) Plots that do not match the data could be re stratified or rejected from the project,
c) Technicians of the cooperatives are retrained and will redo the work of monitoring of the
plots.
All these possibilities can also be implemented.
3.
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Years of implantation
1
10
11
Cocoa 1
ST 1.1
ST 1.2
ST 1.3
ST 1.4
ST 1.5
ST 1.6
ST 1.7
ST 1.8
ST 1.9
ST 1.10
ST 1.11
Cocoa 2
ST 2.1
ST 2.2
ST 2.3
ST 2.4
ST 2.5
ST 2.6
ST 2.7
ST 2.8
ST 2.9
ST 2.10
ST 2.11
Cocoa 3
ST 3.1
ST 3.2
ST 3.3
ST 3.4
ST 3.5
ST 3.6
ST 3.7
ST 3.8
ST 3.9
ST 3.10
ST 3.11
Coffee 1
ST 4.1
ST 4.2
ST 4.3
ST 4.4
ST 4.5
ST 4.6
ST 4.7
ST 4.8
ST 4.9
ST 4.10
ST 4.11
Coffee 2
ST 5.1
ST 5.2
ST 5.3
ST 5.4
ST 5.5
ST 5.6
ST 5.7
ST 5.8
ST 5.9
ST 5.10
ST 5.11
Coffee 3
ST 6.1
ST 6.2
ST 6.3
ST 6.4
ST 6.5
ST 6.6
ST 6.7
ST 6.8
ST 6.9
ST 6.10
ST 6.11
Forest massif 1
ST 7.1
ST 7.2
ST 7.3
ST 7.4
ST 7.5
ST 7.6
ST 7.7
ST 7.8
ST 7.9
ST 7.10
ST 7.11
Forest massif 2
ST 8.1
ST 8.2
ST 8.3
ST 8.4
ST 8.5
ST 8.6
ST 8.7
ST 8.8
ST 8.9
ST 8.10
ST 8.11
Forest massif 3
ST 9.1
ST 9.2
ST 9.3
ST 9.4
ST 9.5
ST 9.6
ST 9.7
ST 9.8
ST 9.9
ST 9.10
ST 9.11
Forest massif 4
ST 10.1
ST 10.2
ST 10.3
ST 10.4
ST 10.5
ST 10.6
ST 10.7
ST 10.8
ST 10.9
ST 10.10
ST 10.11
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MONITORING PLAN SHADE COFFEE AND CACAO PROJECT 2013_v2.doc in section 3.2
ESTABLISHING MEASURING PARCELS
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project boundaries,
aerial photographs
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
The area affected by the project consists of plots where the soil has been degraded over time by
its misuse and poor agricultural practices (culture migration, the burning and low fertilization) and
are still deteriorating. Currently, these plots belonging to Peruvian farmers are either extensive
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National System of Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) is a single, coordinated identification, prevention,
monitoring and early correction of negative environmental impacts system. Which has as governing body to the
Ministry of Environment. Are also included policies, plans and programs for national, regional and local levels that
generate environmental, significant implications, as well as private public investment projects or joint venture that
could cause significant negative environmental impacts.
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STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS
Since 2011, the project has been developed in partnership with Peruvian coffee and cocoa
cooperatives. We have identified the beneficiary of the project to be the producers, communities,
cooperatives and the central.
Public consultation was conducted in two communities: Coopallin and Bagua where 250 people
attended. The participant were mostly farmers, women and municipal and regional
representatives. The meeting was to introduce the project and to see if there were any comments
or objections. Each producer also responded to a survey which was later analyzed.
For the majority, planting trees is identified as a means to fight against deforestation and
environmental degradation. Initiatives in this direction have already been implemented by some
farmers. For these communities the project is perceived as carrying a positive impact in the
environment, and also the socio-economic level (i.e. increase soil productivity, rising incomes, job
opportunities, economic incentives for reforestation). Producers are also looking at the impact of
their organizations (greater cohesion within cooperatives by mobilizing project) and the
improvement in their technical knowledge which would help them diversify their revenue source.
This responds directly to the need expressed by the community to have more economic and
political power to improve their living conditions.
According to our survey, the project will have no negative impact on the local customs and
traditions, although some techniques related to local traditions, such as slash and burn farming,
should be avoided. A minority believes that for some farmers, there will be resistance to change
their current methods, which should be reduced when the project will begin to have a positive
impact.
During consultations, suggestions were made by the participants on how the project could be
improved. The main points reported affect the following areas: technical support and adequate
community awareness, strengthening community organizations and increase economic benefits
for the producer. Ways to integrate more women in the project, particularly in collective
organizations were also discussed.
All participants in the public consultation were in favor of implementing the project in their
community and the vast majority has confidence in its realization.
The suggestions made during the public consultation have been considered in the development
of the project
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version
VCS 2012.3
Nature of revision
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3.0
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