Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Uttam Mishra
Ranvir Bariya
Outline
Introduction of Steady state, dynamic and Transient
Testing
Why Transient & Dynamic relay testing?
What is the existing relay test practice?
How the existing practice may be enhanced?
What would be the new testing methodology and tools?
Conclusions
Q/A
Title
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Test types
Dynamic Testing
(all protection )
Transient Testing
(all protection )
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Title
Dynamic Testing
Dynamic-state testing is defined as simultaneously applying the
fundamental frequency component of voltage and current that
represents power system states of pre-fault, fault and post-fault.
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99
Dynamic Testing
The dynamic state simulation signals are often helpful in testing
protection systems that filter out all components of the signal except
the fundamental frequency.
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Transient Testing
Transient testing is defined as simultaneously applying
fundamental and non fundamental frequency components
of voltage and current that represent power system
conditions obtained from digital fault recorders (DFR) or
electromagnetic transient programs (EMTP).
Analysis of questionable relay operation
Transient simulation signals reproduce all components of a
test signal that are important to the performance of a
protection system.
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Transient Testing
The current in Figure , for instance, is injected into an
overcurrent relay to test the response of the relay to the
high peak current that flows during the first cycles of
energization.).
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Transient Testing
The response to this type of signal (of a relay used for
protecting a capacitor bank) cannot be determined from
steady state or dynamic state signals, and is normally also
not discernable from the manufacturers application guide.
Testing by transient simulation is one way to gain insight
into what might be a secure setting.
Testing of individual applications using transient test signals
is often an important aid to developing reliable and fast
protection applications and settings.
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Comm Channel
Protection
under test
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Test Methodology
Generate a set of test scenario through simulation programs
Collect useful fault recording and of black out events
Create standard steps for automated testing
Automate the simulation to minimize test time
Finally create a test library
Implement comparative tests for a set of different relays with similar
functions
Collect relay response events, analyze the results and summarize
them in a test report with comparative results.
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Conformance
test
Power System
Model
Test Library
Compliance
test
Fault Records
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Confirmance Test
The objective is to test the basic functionality of the relays, verify the
operating characteristics, calibrate relay settings and implement
periodic maintenance test.
The concern of this test is the statistical performance related to the
relay operating characteristic and tripping time. To fulfill this test, a
batch of test cases with a variety of disturbance conditions including
faults and non-faults are generated through simulation.
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SOTF Test
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Compliance Test
The objective of compliance application test is to verify whether a
relay can operate correctly under peculiar circumstances in power
system particularly during abnormal operating conditions.
The response and relay operating time performance under specific
scenarios is checked Eg. Use of the recorded data to analyze causes
of an unwanted relay operation in a pre and post-event analysis.
Those possible scenarios which may cause relay unintended
operation will be recorded and saved into the test case library.
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PSM Programs
31
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Single line
Parallel line
Single line with tap
Parallel line with tap
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Equivalent PSM
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Equivalent PSM
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cases of interest are selected from digital fault recorder (DFR) files or
blackout event files.
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Software Framework
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Conclusion
Reduced time to test complete protection
Faster diagnostic of questionable operations
Confirm actual settings
Relay PERFORMANCE evaluated to assure the BEST decision
regarding application practices & relay performance under critical
conditions
Utilities have used dynamic relay testing to find problems that were
unexplained with previous test methods.
Incident reports can now be meaningfully investigated.
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