SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY (SKSU)

COLLEGE OF LAW
Access Campus, Tacurong City

COURSE OUTLINE in

ALLIED POLITICAL LAWS1

LOCAL GOVERNMENT LAW
PART I:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
A. Corporation
1. Definition
2. Classification
3. Public and Private Corporations, distinguished
4. Public Corporation, classified
5. Municipal Corporation, defined
B. Municipal Corporations
1. Elements
2. Dual Nature and Functions
-Bara Lidasan v. Comelec, 21 SCRA 496
-Surigao Electric Co., Inc. vs. Municipality of Surigao, 24 SCRA 898
-Sec. 15, LGC of 1991
3. Sources of Powers
4. Classification of Powers
5. Types of Municipal Corporations
6. De facto Municipal Corporation Doctrine; Elements
- Municipality of Jimenez vs. Baz, Jr. 265 SCRA 182
- Mun. of San Narciso vs. Mendez, Sr., 239 SCRA 11
-Mun. of Candijay vs. CA, 251 SCRA 530
- Sultan Osop Camid vs. Office of the President, G. R. No. 161414, January 17,
2005
8. Method of challenging existence of municipal corporation
- Malabang v. Benito, 27 SCRA 533
C. Overview of Philippine Local Government System
1. The Unitary vs. the Federal Forms of Government
2. Philippine Local Government System and the concepts of Local Autonomy,
Decentralization, Devolution, and Deconcentration
-Sec. 25, Article II, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 2, Article X, Ibid.
-Secs. 2-3, LGC of 1991
-Sec. 17, Ibid.
-Sec. 528, Ibid.
- Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786, 794-795 (1989)
- Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
- Lina, Jr. v. Pao, G.R. No. 129093, August 30, 2001
- San Juan v. Civil Service Commission, 196 SCRA 69 (1991)
- Laguna Lake Development Authority v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos.
120865-71, December 7, 1995.
D. Local Governments in the Philippines
1. Territorial and Political Subdivisions: Provinces, Cities, Municipalities, Barangays
-Sec. 1, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 12, Article X, Ibid.
- Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 253, (1991).
1 Adopted from the lecture of Atty. Daryl Bretch Largo, Professor, University of San
Carlos College of Law (Unauthorized reproduction without the consent of the
professor is prohibited)
1

2. Autonomous Regions
-Sec. 1, Article X, 1987 Constitution
3.

Special Metropolitan Political Subdivisions

-Sec. 11, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-MMDA v. Bel-Air Village, G.R. No. 135962, March 27, 2000

E. Loose Federation of LGUs and Regional Development Councils

-Sec. 13, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 33, LGC of 1991
-Sec. 14, Article X, 1987 Constitution
PART II:

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991

1. Constitutional Mandate
- Art. X, sec. 3
2. Sources of the Local Government Code of 1991 (Codified laws)
3. Scope of Application
-Sec. 4, LGC of 1991
-Sec. 526, Ibid.
-Sec. 529, Ibid.
-Sec. 534 (f), Ibid.
3. Rules of Interpretation
-Sec. 5, LGC of 1991
4. Effectivity
-Sec. 536, LGC of 1991

PART III:

CREATION, CONVERSION, DIVISION, MERGER, SUBSTANTIAL

CHANGE OF BOUNDARY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS, AND
ABOLITION
A. Regular Political Subdivisions (Provinces, Cities, Municipalities, and Barangays)
1. Creation and Conversion
a. General Requirements:
Law, Plebiscite, Compliance with Criteria on
income, land, & population
- Secs. 10-11, Article X, 1987 Constitution
- Secs. 6, 7, 10, LGC of 1991
- Tan v. COMELEC, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
- Padilla v. Comelec, 214 SCRA 735
- Lopez v. Comelec, 136 SCRA 633
-Sultan Osop Camid vs. Office of the President, G. R. No. 161414, January 17,
2005
- Alvarez v. Guingona, 252 SCRA 695
- R.A. No. 9009 (June 30, 2001)
-League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176951, November
18, 2008 (En Banc)
-League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176951, Dec. 21,
2009 (On Reconsideration)
- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
-Sen. Benigno Aquino III vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 189793, April 7, 2010
- Municipality of Jimenez vs. Baz, Jr. 265 SCRA 182
b. Specific Requirements:
Barangay
Municipality
City

Income, Land, and Population Requirements

- Secs. 385-386, LGC of 1991

- Secs. 441-442, Ibid.
-Mun. of San Narciso vs. Mendez, Sr., 239 SCRA 11
-Mun. of Candijay vs. CA, 251 SCRA 530
-Secs. 449-450, 452-453, Ibid.
-R.A. No. 9009 (June 30, 2001)
- League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC,
G.R. No. 176951, November 18, 2008 (En Banc)
-League of Cities of the Philippines vs. COMELEC, G.R.
No. 176951, Dec. 21, 2009 (On Reconsideration)
2

Province

-Secs. 460-461, LGC of 1991

-Navarro vs. Exec. Sec. Ermita, G.R. No. 180050,
February 10, 2010

c. Procedure: a. In Creation of LGU

b. In Conversion of City to Highly Urbanized City
-Article 9-14, IRR of the LGC
2. Division and Merger
a. Requirements:
Same as creation and conversion
b. Conditions and Limitations - Sec. 8, LGC of 1991
3. Substantial Alteration of Boundaries
a. Requirements Secs. 6, 10, LGC of 1991
4. Abolition
a. Grounds and Conditions Sec. 9, LGC of 1991
B. Autonomous Regions (Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras)
1. Creation- Secs. 15, 18-19, Article X, 1987 Constitution
- Abbas v. Commission on Elections, 179 SCRA 287
- Ordillo v. Commission on Elections, 192 SCRA 100 (1990).
C. Beginning of Corporate Existence
-Sec. 14, LGC of 1991
- Mejia vs. Balolong, 81 Phils. 486
- Malabang v. Benito, 27 SCRA 533
- Pelaez v. Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569
- Municipality of Jimenez, Misamis Occidental v. Baz, 265 SCRA 182
PART IV:
POWER RELATIONS WITH NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, SUPREME COURT,
PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS; INTER-GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS, AND
HIERARCHAL RELATIONS AMONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS.
A. LGUs and National Government in General: LGUs are agents of the State
-Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
B. LGUs and the Supreme Court: LGUs acts are subject to Judicial Review
-Sec. 1, Article VIII, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 4 (2), Ibid.
C. LGUs and the President: President exercises General Supervision
-Secs. 4, 16, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 25, LGC of 1991
-Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135, 141 (1994).
-Ganzon v. Court of Appeals, 200 SCRA 271 (1991).
- The National Liga Ng Mga Barangay vs. Paredes, G. R. No. 130775, September 27,
2004
D. LGUs and Congress:
LGUs derive their existence and powers from Congress
-Sec. 10, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
-Sec. 5, Article X, 1987 Constitution
E. Mother LGU and Component LGU:
Mother LGU reviews acts of Component LGU
1. In general
-Sec. 4, Article X, 1987 Constitution
2. Provincial Relations with Component Cities and Municipalities
-Sec. 29, LGC of 1991
3. City and Municipal Supervision over Component Cities and Municipalities
-Sec. 32, LGC of 1991
4. Local Chief Executive (LCE) of Mother LGU reviews Executive Orders (EOs) of
LCE of Component LGU
-Sec. 30, LGC of 1991 (Executive Orders)
5. Sanggunian of Mother LGU reviews Ordinances of Sanggunian and EOs of LCE of
Component LGU

-Sec . 56, LGC of 1991 (Component City and Municipal Ordinances and
Resolutions [approving the local development plans and public investment
programs formulated by the local development councils])
- Sec . 57, LGC of 1991 (Barangay Ordinances)
-Sec. 447 (a) (1) (i), LGC of 1991 (Ordinances and EOs of Barangays in Mun.)
-Sec. 458 (a) (1) (i), LGC of 1991 (Ordinances and EOs of Barangays in Cities)
-Sec. 468 (a) (1) (i), LGC of 1991 (Ordinances and EOs of Component Mun. and
Cities)
F. LGUs and National Agencies and Offices (with project implementation functions):
Prior Consultation Before Implementation
-Sec. 25 (b), LGC of 1991
-Sec. 27, Ibid.
-Lina, Jr. v. Pao, G.R. No. 129093, August 30, 2001
G. LGUs and National agencies, offices, and GOCCs (with field units in the LGU):
Consultation
- Sec. 25 (d), LGC of 1991
H. LGUs and National agencies, offices, and GOCCs (with environmental programs):
Consultation
-Sec. 26, LGC of 1991
I. LGUs and the Philippine National Police (PNP), Fire Protection Unit and Jail
Management Personnel:
Operational Supervision and Control by LGUs
-Sec . 28, LGC
-Andaya vs. RTC, 319 SCRA 696 (1999)
-Sec. R.A. 6975
J. LGUs and NGOs: LGUs shall support, and may give assistance to, NGOs
-Secs. 34-36, LGC of 1991
PART V:
GOVERNMENTAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
A. Local Power of Taxation
1. Sources of revenues of LGUs
a. Taxes, Fees, and Charges
-Sec. 5, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 18, LGC of 1991
-Sec. 5 (b), LGC of 1991
-Secs. 128-130, LGC of 1991
-Secs. 132-133, LGC of 1991
-Secs. 186-193, LGC of 1991
-Sec. 305, LGC of 1991
- Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52, 65 (1991)
- Manila Electric Company v. Province of Laguna, G.R. No.
131359, May 5, 1999
- Philippine Petroleum Corp. v. Mun. of Pililla, Rizal 198 SCRA
82 (1991)
- Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Marcos, G.R.
No. 120082, September 11, 1996
-City Government of Quezon City vs. Bayan Telecom, Inc., G. R.
No. 162015, March 6, 2006
-Manila International Airport Authority vs. CA, G.R. No.
155650, July 20, 2006
-Digital Telecom Phils. vs Pangasinan, G.R. No. 152534,
February 23, 2007.
-City of Iloilo vs. Smart Communications, Inc. G.R. No. 167260,
February 27, 2009
-GSIS vs. City Treasurer of Manila, G.R. No. 186242, Dec. 23,
2009
b. Just Share in the national taxes
-Sec. 6, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-Sec. 18, LGC of 1991
-Secs. 284-288, LGC of 1991
-Pimentel v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 132988, July 19, 2000.
c. Equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization and development of the
national wealth within their respective areas
4

-Sec. 7, Article X, 1987 Constitution

-Sec. 18, LGC of 1991
-Secs. 289-294, LGC of 1991
B. Local Police Power
1. General Welfare Clause; Scope and Limitations
- Sec. 16, LGC of 1991
- Tatel v. Municipality of Virac, Catanduanes, 207 SCRA 157
- Tano v. Socrates, G.R. No. 119249, August 21, 1997
- Lim v. Pacquing, 240 SCRA 649
- De la Cruz v. Paras, 123 SCRA 569
- Ortigas v. Feati Bank, 94 SCRA 533
- Balacuit v. CFI of Agusan del Norte, 163 SCRA 182
- Zoomzat, Inc. vs. People, G.R. No. 135535, February 14, 2005
-Leonardo Tan vs. Perena, G.R. No. 149743, February 18, 2005
-Lucena Grand Central Terminal, Inc. vs. JAC Liner, Inc., G.R. No. 148339, Feb.
23, 2005
-White Light Corporation vs. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, January 20, 2009
(En Banc)
C. Local Eminent Domain
1. Scope and Limitations
Sec. 19, Article III, 1987 Constitution
a. General
b. Specific
-Sec. 19, LGC of 1991
-Articles 32-37, IRR of LGC
-Municipality of Paraaque v. V.M. Realty Corporation, 292 SCRA 676
- Province of Camarines Sur vs. CA, 222 SCRA 173
- The City of Cebu vs. Dedamo, G.R. No. 142971, May 07, 2002
- Jesus is Lord Christian School Foundation, Inc. vs. Mun. (now City) of
Pasig, G. R. No. 152230, August 9, 2005,
-Lourdes de la Paz Masikip vs. City of Pasig, G.R. 136349, January 23,
2006
-Francia vs. Mun. of Meycauayan, G.R. No. 170432, March 24, 2008
D. Basic Services and Facilities
1. Devolution, defined
2. Conditions for devolution
-Sec. 17, LGC
E. Reclassification of Lands
-Sec. 20, LGC
- Patalinghug vs. CA, 229 SCRA 554
- Fortich vs. Corona, 298 SCRA 678
-Nicolas Laynesa vs. Uy, G. R. No. 149553 February 29, 2008
F. Closure and Opening of Roads
-Sec. 21, LGC
-Articles 43-45, IRR of LGC
1. Temporary; grounds & conditions
2. Permanent; grounds and conditions
- Macasiano v. Diokno, 212 SCRA 464
- Cabrera v. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 314
- Cebu Oxygen & Acetylene Co. v. Berciles, 66 SCRA 481
- Favis v. City of Bagui, 29 SCRA 456
- Sangalang v. Intermediate Apellate Court, 176 SCRA 719
- Pilapil v. Court of Appeals, 216 SCRA 33
PART VI:
CORPORATE POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
-Sec . 22, LGC
1. To have continuous succession in its corporate name
2. To sue and be sued
-City Council of Cebu v. Cuizon, 47 SCRA 325
-Ramos v. Court of Appeals, 269 SCRA 34
-see also: Sec. 481(3)(i), LGC
-People vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 162748-50, March 28, 2006
3. To have and use a corporate seal
5

4. To acquire and convey real or personal property

-Article 423-424, New Civil Code of the Philippines
-Rebuco v. Villegas, 55 SCRA 656
-Villanueva v. Castaneda, 154 SCRA 142
-Dacanay v. Asistio, 208 SCRA 404
-City of Angeles v. Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 90
-Chavez vs. Public Estates Authority, et al. G.R. NO. 133250, November
11, 2003
-Philippine Fisheries Development Authority vs. CA, G. R. No. 150301,
October 2, 2007
-Municipality of Hagonoy, Bulacan vs. Hon. Dumdum, G.R. 168289,
March 22, 2010
5. To enter into contracts
i.
Requisites of a valid local government contract
ii.
Ultra vires contracts
-Quezon City v. Lexber, Inc., G.R. No. 141616, March 15, 2001
-Manantan v. Municipality of Luna (La Union), 82 Phil. 844
-Sangalang v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 176 SCRA 719
-City of Manila v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 179 SCRA 428
-Quisumbing vs. Gov. Garcia, G.R. No. 175527, December 8, 2008 (En
Banc)
-Severino Vergara vs. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 174567, March 12, 2009
iii.

Procurement of supplies

-Sison vs. People, G.R. Nos. 170339, 170398-403, March 9, 2010

-Ong vs. People, G.R. No. 176546, September 25, 2009
6. To exercise such other powers as are granted to corporations, subject to the
limitations provided in the Code and other laws

PART VII:

7. To negotiate and secure grants

Sec. 23
LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES
A. Liability for Defective Public Works
-Art. 2189, New Civil Code of the Philippines
-Article 471, IRR of LGC
-City of Manila v. Teotico, 22 SCRA 267
-Jimenez v. City of Manila, 150 SCRA 510
-Guilatco v. City of Dagupan, 171 SCRA 382
- Municipality of San Juan, Metro Manila vs. CA, G.R. No. 121920,
August 09, 2005
-Municipality of Pasay vs. Manaois, 86 Phil. 629
-Municipality of Makati vs. Court of Appeals,190 SCRA 206
B. Liability for Torts (Quasi-Delict)
-Sec. 24, LGC
-Art. 2180, New Civil Code of the Philippines
-Merritt vs. Government of the Philippine Islands, 34 Phil 311
-Municipality of San Fernando (La Union) v. Firme, 195 SCRA 692
-Mendoza v. de leon, 33 Phil. 508
-Torio v. Fontanilla, 85 SCRA 599
-City of Manila v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 179 SCRA 428
C. Liability for Failure of Police Force to render aid and protection
-Sec. 2180 ( par. 6), New Civil Code of the Philippines
D. Liability for Contracts
1. Scope
-Quezon City v. Lexber, Inc., G.R. No. 141616, March 15, 2001
-City of Manila v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 179 SCRA 428
2. Doctrine of Implied Municipal Liability
6

PART VIII:

- Province of Cebu vs. IAC, 147 SCRA 447

3. Doctrine of Estoppel
-San Diego vs. Municipality of Naujan, 107 Phil 118
E. Liability for Illegal Dismissal of employees
1. Municipal Liability
-Municipality of Jasaan vs. Gentallan, G.R. No. 154961, May 9, 2005
2. Personal Liability of Officials
-Laganapan vs. Asedillo, G.R. 28353, September 30, 1987
-Chavez vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 91391, January 24, 1991
-Rama vs. Court of Appeals, 148 SCRA 496
-Correa vs. CFI of Bulacan, 92 SCRA 312
ELECTIVE OFFICIALS
A. Qualifications and Elections.
1. Qualifications
-Sec. 39, LGC
-Gallego vs. Vera, 73 Phil 453 (1941)
-Pamil vs. Teleron, 86 SCRA 413, Nov. 20, 1978
-Faypon vs. Quirino, 96 Phil. 294
-Frivaldo vs. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727
-Torayno vs. Comelec, 337 SCRA 574
-Coquilla vs. Comelec, G. R. No. 151914, July 31, 2002
-Mitra vs. Comelec, G.R. 191938, July 2, 2010
2. Disqualifications
-Sec. 40, LGC
-Sec. 4, R.A. No. 8295 (Lone Candidate Law) [1997]
-Hanrieder vs. De Rivera, A.M. Case No. P-05-2026, August 2, 2007
-Edgar Y. Teves vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 180363, April 28, 2009
-Grego vs. Comelec, 274 SCRA 481, June 19, 1997
-Marquez vs. Comelec, 243 SCRA 538, April 18, 1995
-Rodriguez vs. Comelec, 259 SCRA 296, July 24, 1996
-Mercado vs. Manzano, 307 SCRA 630, May 26, 1999
-Cordora vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 176947, February 19, 2009 (En Banc)
-Osorio vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 162892, May 6, 2004 (Resolution)
-Moreno vs. Comelec, G. R. No. 168550, August 10, 2006
3. Manner of Elections
-Sec. 41, LGC
-R.A. 8553 [1998]
-Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 253, (1991).
-Ceniza vs. Comelec, 95 SCRA 763
4. Date of Elections
-Sec. 42, LGC
5. Term of Office
-Sec. 8, Article X, 1987 Constitution
-R.A. No. 8524 (1998)
- R.A. No. 9164 (2002)
-R.A. No. 9340 (2005)
- Borja, Jr. v. Commissions on Elections, G.R No. 133495, September 3,
1998.
- Lonzanida v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 135150, July 28, 1999
- Adormeo vs. COMELEC, G.R. No. 147927, Feb. 4, 2002
-Socrates v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 154512, 154683, 155083-84,
November 12, 2002.
- Latasa vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 154829, Dec 10, 2003 En Banc
-Francis Ong vs. Joseph Stanley Alegre, G.R. No. 163295, January 3,
2006
-Atty. Rivera III vs. Comelec, G. R. No. 167591, May 9, 2007
-Roberto Dizon vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 182088, January 30, 2009
-Nicasio Bolos, Jr. vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 184082, March 17, 2009
-Aldovino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 184836, December 23, 2009
6. Hold-over Principle
-Section 5, R.A. No. 9164
-Sambarani vs. COMELEC, G. R. No. 160427, September 15, 2004
7

B. Vacancies and Succession.

1. Permanent Vacancies; Grounds
Sec. 44-45, LGC
-Victoria vs. Comelec, 229 SCRA 269, January 10, 1994
-Recabo vs. Comelec, 308 SCRA 793, June 21, 1999
-Farias vs. Barba, 256 SCRA 396, April 19, 1996
-Navarro vs. Court of Appeals, 355 SCRA 672
-Damasen vs. Tumamao, G.R. No. 173165, Feb. 17, 2010
2. Temporary Vacancy in the Office of the Local Chief Executive
Sec. 46, LGC
1. Instances of Temporary Vacancy
2. Who may exercise the powers in an acting capacity
3. What powers may and may not be exercised by the acting
official
4. Period of temporary incapacity
5. officer-in-charge; when and how to designate an OIC;
what powers may and may not be exercised by the OIC;
6. Mandatory OIC; conditions

PART IX:

-People vs. Bustamante, 105 Phil. 64

3. Approval of Leave of Absences
Sec. 47, LGC
DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS
1. Grounds Sec. 60
2. Filing of Complaint Sec. 61
3. Notice of Hearing Sec. 62
4. Preventive Suspension Sec. 63
i.
Authority
ii.
Grounds
iii.
Duration
iv.
Prohibition
5. Salary of Respondent pending preventive suspension Sec. 64
6. Rights of Respondent Sec. 65
7. Penalty; effects Sec. 66
8. Administrative Appeals Sec. 67
9. Execution pending appeal Sec. 68

-Aguinaldo vs. Santos, 212 SCRA 768, August 21, 1992

-Pablico vs. Villapando, G. R. No. 147870, July 31, 2002
-Castillo vs. Villarama, 15 SCRA 42
-Malinao vs. Reyes, 255 SCRA 616, February 29, 1996
-Salalima vs. Guingona, 257 SCRA 55, May 22, 1996
-Garcia vs. Mojica, 314 SCRA 207, September 10, 1999
-Lapid vs. Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 741
-Mayor Dagadag vs. Tongnawa, G. R. No. 161166-67, February 3, 2005
-Mayor Flores vs. Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Pampanga, G.R. No. 159022,
February 23, 2005
-Hon. Tomas N. Joson III vs. CA, G. R. No. 160652, Feb. 13, 2006
-Edmundo Jose Buencamino vs. CA, G.R. No. 175895, April 17, 2007
-Sangguniang Barangay of Don Mariano Marcos vs. Martinez, G.R. No.
170626, March 3, 2008
-Salumbides vs. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. 180917, April 23, 2010
PART X:
RECALL
R. A. 9244 [An Act eliminating the Preparatory Recall Assembly as a mode of instituting
recall of elective local officials, amending sections 70 and 71 of R.A. 7160], Feb. 19, 2004)
1. By whom exercised Sec. 69
2. Initiation of Recall Process Sec. 70 as amended by R. A. 9244
3. Election on Recall Sec. 71 as amended by R. A. 9244
8

4. Effectivity of Recall Sec. 72

5. Prohibition from Resignation Sec. 73
6. Limitations on Recall Sec. 74
7. Expenses Sec. 75

PART XI:

PART XII:

PART XIII:

- Angobung vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 126571, March 5, 1997

- Paras vs. Comelec, 264 SCRA 49, November 4, 1996
- Claudio vs. Comelec, 331 SCRA 388, May 4, 2000
HUMAN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
-Sec. 76-96
-De Rama vs. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 131136, Feb. 28, 2001
-People vs. Toledano, 332 SCRA 210, May 18, 2000
LOCAL LEGISLATIONS
1. Ordinance vs. Resolution- Article 107, IRR of LGC
2. Requisites for the validity of ordinances
-Magtajas vs, Pryce Properties, Ibid.
-Tatel vs. Municipality of Virac, Ibid.
-Albon vs. Bayani Fernando, G.R. No. 148357, June 30, 2006
2. Local Legislative bodies Sec. 48
3. Presiding Officer Sec. 49
4. Internal Rules of Procedure - Sec. 50
5. Full Disclosure of Financial/Business interest of members of Sanggunian Sec. 51
6. Meaning of Conflict of Interest
7. Sessions Sec. 52
8. Quorum Sec. 53
9. Approval of Ordinances Sec. 54
10. Veto Power of Local Chief Executive Sec. 55
-De los Reyes vs. Sandiganbayan, 281 SCRA 631
11. Review of Ordinances 1. of Component City and Municipal Ordinances Sec. 56
2. of Barangay Ordinances Sec. 57
12. Enforcement of Disapproved Ordinances Sec. 58
13. Effectivity of Ordinances and Resolutions Sec. 59; Articles 113-114, IRR of LGC
-Gamboa vs. Aguirre, 310 SCRA 867, July 20, 1999
-Malonzo vs. Zamora, 323 SCRA 875, January 28, 2000
-Robert Tayaban vs. People, G.R. No.150194, March 6, 2007
-Social Justice Society vs. Hon. Mayor Atienza, Jr. G.R. No. 156052,
March 7, 2007
-Ongsuco vs. Malones, G.R. No. 182065, October 27, 2009
LOCAL INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM
1. Scope
- Garcia vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 279,290 (1994)
2. Local Initiative
a. Definition Sec. 120
b. Authority Sec. 121
c. Procedure Sec. 122
d. Effectivity Sec. 123
e. Limitations
i. on Local Initiative Sec. 124
ii. upon Sanggunians Sec. 125
3. Local Referendum
a. Definition Sec. 126
b. Control and Supervision
c. Limitation
4. Authority of Courts Sec. 127
- Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority vs. Comelec, 262 SCRA 492, September 26,
1996

PART XIV:
MANDATED LOCAL AGENCIES/BODIES: Local School Boards; Local Health
Boards; Local Development Council; Local Peace and Order Council; Peoples Law
Enforcement Boards; Local Pre-qualification, Bids and Awards Committee (Local
PBAC);
1. Creation & Composition
2. Functions
- Articles 182-187, IRR of LGC
-Osea vs. Malaya, G. R. No. 139821, January 30, 2002
-The Commission on Audit vs. Garcia, G. R. No. 141386, November 29, 2001
PART XV:
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
-Secs. 384-468, LGC
1. Manner of Creation (see: PART III)
2. Requisites for Creation (see: PART III)
3. Chief Officials and Offices
Powers and Functions of:
a. Punong Barangay Sec. 389, LGC
b. Municipal Mayor-Sec. 444, LGC
c. City Mayor Sec. 455, LGC
d. Provincial Governor Sec 465, LGC
e. Municipal Vice-Mayor Sec. 445, LGC
f. City Vice-Mayor- Sec. 456, LGC
g. Provincial Vice-Governor Sec. 466
-Acebedo Optical vs. CA, 329 SCRA 314
-Lim vs. CA, G.R. No. 111397, August 12, 2002
-Nazareno vs. City of Dumaguete, G.R. No. 181559, October 2, 2009
4. Sanggunian
-Sec.9, Article X, 1987 Constitution
i. Composition Sec. 390, 446, 457, 467, LGC
-R.A. 8553 (Feb. 25, 1998)
-Province of Agusan del Norte vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 165080April 24, 2007
ii. Powers, Duties, and Functions of
a. Sangguniang Barangay Sec. 391, LGC
b. Sangguniang Bayan Sec. 447, LGC
c. Sangguniang Panglungsod Sec. 458, LGC
d. Sangguniang Panlalawigan Sec. 468, LGC
6. Appointive Officials Common to Municipalities, Cities and Provinces
-Secs. 469-490, LGC
-Articles 119, 121, and 123, IRR of LGC
-Negros Oriental II Electric Cooperative, Inc. vs. Sangguniang Panlungsod of
Dumaguete, 155 SCRA 421
7. Selection and Transfer of Local Government Site, Offices, and Facilities,
Government Centers; Requisites/Conditions.
- Secs. 11-12, LGC
8. Naming of LGUs, Public Places, Streets and Structures, Requisites/Conditions.
- Sec. 13, LGC
PART XVI:
SETTLEMENT OF BOUNDARY DISPUTES
1. Jurisdictional Responsibility Sec. 118
2. Appeal Sec. 119
-Mun. of Santa Fe vs. Mun. of Aritao, G.R. no. 140474, September 21, 2007
PART XVII: SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN
-Sec. 423-429, LGC
-R.A. No. 9164 [2002]
-Montesclaros vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 152295, July 9, 2002

-END OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT LAW-

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
10

PART I.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Read: Chapter 1, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)
Assigned Cases
A. The doctrines of Separation of Powers and Non-delegation of Powers
B. Permissible Delegation to Administrative Agencies
C. Nature and Concept of Administrative Law
D. Origin and Development
E. Reasons for Growth of Administrative Agencies
Cases:
- PANTRANCO vs. PSC, 70 Phil. 229 (1940)
- Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. vs. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
- Solid Homes, Inc. vs. Payawal, 177 SCRA 72, 79 (1989)
F. Status of Administrative Law Today
G. Sources of Administrative Law
Cases:
- Mecano vs. COA, 216 SCRA 500 (1992)
- Leveriza vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 282 (1988)
H. Meaning of Administration
-Internal Administration
-External Administration
I. Administrative Law vs. Public Administration
PART II.
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES and ORGANIZATION
Read: Chapter 2, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)
Books I-IV, Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code of 1987)
Assigned Cases
A. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES
1. Definition
2. Nature
3. Creation, Reorganization and Abolition
Cases:
- Secretary of DOTC vs. Mabalot, 378 SCRA 129 (2002)
- Eugenio vs. CSC, 243 SCRA 196 (1995)
- De la Llana vs. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
- Sec. 62, Republic Act 7645
- Larin vs. Executive Secretary, 280 SCRA 713 (1997)
- Secs. 2-3, Republic Act No. 6656
- Cebu United Enterprises vs. Gallofin, 106 Phil. 491
- Crisostomo vs. Court of Appeals, 258 SCRA 134 (1996)
- Viola vs. Alunan III, 277 SCRA 409 (1997)
- National Land Titles and Deeds Registration Administration vs. CSC, 221 SCRA 145
(1993)
- Bagaoisan vs. National Tobacco Authority, G. R. No. 152845, Aug. 5, 2003

4.
5.
B.
6.

Kapisanan Ng Mga Kawani Ng ERB vs. Commissioner Barin, G.R. No.

150974, June 29, 2007

- Atty. Sylvia Banda, et. al. vs. Ermita, G.R. 166620, April 20, 2010
Advantages of Administrative Agencies
Relation to Regular Departments
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
Administrative Organization under Executive Order No. 292 (Administrative Code of 1987)
Definition of Terms Sec. 2, Introductory Provisions
Distribution of Powers of Government Secs 1-29, Book II
Office of the President Secs. 1-31, Book III
The Executive Branch Secs. 1-71, Book IV
Cases:
- Marcos vs. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
- Sec. 17, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
- Carpio vs. Executive Secretary,206 SCRA 290 (1992)
- Southern Cross Cement Corporation vs. Cement Manufacturers Association of the
Philippines and the Secretary of DTI, G.R. No. 158540, Aug. 3, 2005
- David vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, 2006
- Tecson vs. Salas, 34 SCRA 275 (1970)
- De Leon vs. Carpio, 178 SCRA 457 (1989)
11

III.

IV.

Lacson-Magallanes, Co., Inc. vs. Pano, 21 SCRA 895

Montes vs. Civil Service Board of Appeals, et al., 101 Phil. 490
Medalla vs. Sayo, 103 SCRA 587
See also: Article VIII, Section 5(5)
United Residents of Dominican Hills, Inc. vs Commission on Settlement of Land
Problems, 353 SCRA 782
- Beja vs. Court of Appeals, 207 SCRA 689
- Malaga vs. Penachos, Jr., 213 SCRA 516
- Luzon Development Bank vs. Association of Luzon Dev. Bank Employees, 249 SCRA
162 (1995)
- Iron and Steel Authority vs. Court of Appeals, 249 SCRA 538
- Republic vs. Court of Appeals, 200 SCRA 226 (1991)
- Leyson vs. Office of the Ombudsman, 331 SCRA 227
- Office of the Ombudsman vs. Atty. Valera, G.R. No. 164250, Sept. 30, 2005
- Community Rural Bank of Guimba (N.E.), Inc. vs. Judge Tomas B. Talavera, A.M.
No. RTJ-05-1909, April 6, 2005
- Atty. Sylvia Banda, et. al. vs. Ermita, G.R. 166620, April 20, 2010
POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES IN GENERAL
Read: Chapter 3, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)
Assigned Cases
A. Quasi-legislative Power
Definition
Distinguished from Legislative Power
Source
Tests of Delegation (discussed also in Part IV)
B. Quasi-judicial Power
1.
Source
2.
Determinative Powers
C. Implied powers
D. Exercise of Powers
E. Cases:
- Matienzon vs. Abellera, 162 SCRA 1 (1988)
- Azarcon vs. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)
- Realty Exchange Venture Corp. vs. Sendino, 233 SCRA 665 (1994)
- Laguna Lake Development Authority vs. Court of Appeals, 231 SCRA 292
- Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) vs. NTC, 408 SCRA 678
- Provident Tree Farms, Inc. vs. Batario, Jr., 231 SCRA 463 (1994)
- GSIS vs. Civil Service Commission, 202 SCRA 799 (1991)
QUASI-LEGISLATIVE POWER
Read: Chapter 4, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)
Assigned Cases
A. Delegation of Legislative Power
The doctrine of Subordinate Legislation; Limitations
- People v. Exconde, 101 Phil. 1125, August 30, 1957
- Leo Echegaray vs, Sec. of Justice, GR 132601,
Oct. 12, 1998
- Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Leonila P. Celada, G.R. No.
164876, Jan. 23, 2006.
Tests of Delegation
i.
Completeness Test
ii.
Sufficient Standard Test
Cases:
- Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. vs. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
- Tatad vs. Secretary of the Department of Energy, 281 SCRA
330
(1997)
- Santiago vs. Comelec, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
Doctrine of Potestas delegata non delegari potest; Exception
- Kilusang Mayo Uno Labor Center vs. Garcia 239 SCRA 386 (1994)
- American Tobacco Co. vs. Director of Patents, 67 SCRA 287 (1975)
B. Kinds of Administrative Regulations
Legislative
Interpretative
12

Cases:
- Eslao vs. Commission on Audit, 236 SCRA 161. (1994)
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 236
- Peralta vs. Civil Service Commission, 211 SCRA 425
- Melendres vs. COMELEC, 319 SCRA 262.
- LBP vs. Leonila P. Celada, G.R. No. 164876, Jan. 23, 2006.
-Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. vs. International Communication
Corporation, G.R. NO. 135992, Jan. 31, 2006
C. Requisites for Validity of Administrative Regulations
-William Dagan, et. Al. vs. Philippine Racing Commission, G.R.

No. 175220, February 12, 2009 (En Banc)

1. Authorized by Congress
Cases:
- Tayug Rural Bank vs. Central Bank, 146 SCRA 120
- Araneta vs. Gatmaitan, 101 Phil. 328
- Hon. Executive Secretary vs. Southwing Heavy Industries, Inc., G.R. No.
164171, Feb. 20, 2006
2. Within the Scope of Authority (must not be ultra vires)
Cases:
- Boie-Takeda Chemicals, Inc. vs. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329
- Miners Association of the Phils. vs. Factoran, Jr., 240 SCRA 100
- People vs. Maceren, 79 SCRA 450
- Philippine Bank of Communications vs. CIR, 302 SCRA 241
- Romulo, Mabanata, Buenaventura, Sayoc & de los Angeles vs. Home
Development Mutual Fund, 333 SCRA 777
- Philippine Interisland Shipping Association of the Philippines vs.
Court
of Appeals, 266 SCRA 489
- Department of Agrarian Reform vs. Delia T. Sutton, G.R. No. 162070,
Oct. 19, 2005
-Holy Spirit Homeowners Association vs. Defensor, G.R. No. 163980, August 3,
2006
3. Observance of Prescribed Procedure; Notice and Hearing;
Publication
- Republic vs. Medina, 41 SCRA 643
- Maceda vs. Energy Regulatory Board, G.R. No. 95203-05 and
Nos. 95119-21, December 18, 2000, 192 SCRA 363
- RCPI vs. NTC, 184 SCRA 517
- Philippine Consumers Foundation, Inc. vs. Secretary of
Education Culture and Sports, 153 SCRA 622
- Philippine Communications Satellite Corp., vs. Alcuaz, 180
SCRA 218
(1989)
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. CA, 261 SCRA 236
- Rubenecia vs. Civil Service Commission, 244 SCRA 640
- Philippine International Trading Corporation vs. Commission on Audit, 309
SCRA 177, citing Taada vs. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
- Hon. Executive Secretary vs. Southwing Heavy Industries, Inc.,
G.R.
No. 164171, Feb. 20, 2006
-GMA Network, Inc.., vs. MTRCB, G.R. No. 148579, Feb. 5, 2007
4. Fair and Reasonable
D.
Penal Regulations; Requisites for Validity
- Pesigan vs. Angeles, 129 SCRA 174
E.
Construction and Interpretation
- Peralta vs. Civil Service Commission, 212 SCRA 425 (1992)
- Nestle Phils., Inc. vs. CA, 203 SCRA 504 (1991)
- Philippine Global Communications, Inc. vs. Relova, 145 SCRA 385
- Asturias Sugar Central, Inc. vs. Com. of Customs, 29 SCRA
617 (1969).
-Philippine Health Insurance Corporation vs. Chinese General
Hospital
and
Medical Center, G.R. No. 163123, April 15, 2005
F.
Enforcement
G.
Amendment or Repeal
V. QUASI- JUDICIAL POWER
13

Read: Chapter 5, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)

A. Meaning and Characteristics of Quasi-judicial or Adjudicatory Power
-Saado vs. Court of Appeals, 356 SCRA 546
-PCGG vs. Pena, 159 SCRA 556
-United Residents of Dominican Hills vs. Commission on Settlement of Land
Problems, 353 SCRA 782
-Cario vs. CHR, 204 SCRA 483
B. Quasi-judicial power, distinguished from judicial power and quasi-legislative power
-Philippine Consumers Foundation, Inc. vs. Secretary of Education Culture and
Sports, 153 SCRA 622
-Saado vs. Court of Appeals, 356 SCRA 546
C. Requirements for valid exercise:
1. Jurisdiction
-Globe Wireless Ltd vs. Public Service Commission, 147 SCRA 269
-PCGG vs. Pena, 159 SCRA 556
-Manila Electric Company vs. Court of Appeals, 271 SCRA 417
-Syquia vs. Board of Power and Water Works, 74 SCRA 212
- Mario, Jr. vs. Gamilla, G.R. No. 132400, Jan. 31, 2005
2. Due Process
-Utto vs. Comelec, 375 SCRA 523
-Garcia vs. Pajaro, 384 SCRA 122
-Ang Tibay vs. CIR, 69 Phil 635
-Domingo vs. Rayala, 546 SCRA 90 (2008)
-Rivera vs. Civil Service Commission, 240 SCRA 43
-Corona vs. Court of Appeals, 214 SCRA 378
-Omb. Marcelo vs. Bungubung and CA, G.R. 175201, Apr. 23, 2008
-Perez vs. People, 544 SCRA 532 (2008)
2.1. Exceptions to requirements of notice and hearing
i. Summary Abatement of Nuisance per se
ii. Preventive Suspension
iii. Padlocking of filthy restaurants, theaters, etc.
iv.
Cancellation of Passport of accused
iv.
Summary distraint and levy
v.
Grant of Provisional Authority
D. Related powers:
a. Power to promulgate own Rules of Procedure
b. Subpoena Power
c. Contempt Power
-Provident Tree Farm vs. Batario, Jr., 231 SCRA 463
-Agusmin Promotional Enterprises, Inc. vs. CA, 117 SCRA 369
-Carmelo vs. Ramos, 6 SCRA 836
-Lastimosa vs. Vasquez, 243 SCRA 497
-Section 13, Chapter 3, Book VII, EO 292
E. Quantum of proof
-Lameyra vs. Pangilinan, 322 SCRA 117
-Rubberworld vs. NLRC, 175 SCRA 450
-Energy Regulatory Board vs. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 30
- PLDT vs. Tiamson, G.R. No. 164684-85, Nov. 11, 2005
- Ester Deloso vs. Sps. Marapao, G.R. No. 144244, Nov. 11, 2005
F. Form of Decision
-Solid Homes, Inc. vs. Laserna, 550 SCRA 613 (2008)
G. Enforcement and execution
-Lapid vs. Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 738
-Edmundo Jose Buencamino vs. CA, G.R. No. 175895, April 17, 2007
H. Res judicata in administrative decisions
-San Luis vs. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 258
-Ocho vs. Calos, 345 SCRA 478
VI. JUDICIAL REVIEW
Read: Chapter 6, Cruz, Philippine Administrative Law (2003 ed.)
A. Judicial Review of Administrative Rules; Doctrine of Hierarchy of Courts to be observed
-Holy Spirit Homeowners Association vs. Defensor, G.R. No. 163980, August 3, 2006
B. Bases for Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions
14

a. Constitution
b. Statutes
c. Rules of Court
B. Methods of Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions
a. Ordinary Appeal (Notice of Appeal, Petition for Review, etc.)
b. Special Civil Actions (Certiorari, Prohibition, Mandamus)
-Industrial Power Sales, Inc. vs. Sinsuat, 160 SCRA 19
-Chung Fu Industries vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 587
-Omb. Marcelo vs. Bungubung and CA, G.R. 175201, Apr. 23, 2008
C. Subjects of Review of Administrative Decisions
a. Questions of Fact
b. Questions of Law
-Atlas Consolidated Mining vs. Factoran, 154 SCRA 49
-Amigo Manufacturing vs. Cluett Peabody, 354 SCRA 434
-ERB vs. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 30
-Derick D. Wooden vs. CSC, G.R. No. 152884, Sept. 30, 2005
-Philemploy Services and Resources, Inc. vs. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 152616,
March 31, 2006
- Philippine Transmarine Carriers, Inc. vs. Laurente, G. R. No. 158883,
April 19, 2006
-Omb. Marcelo vs. Bungubung and CA, G.R. 175201, Apr. 23, 2008
D. Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction or Doctrine of Prior Resort
-Abejo vs. dela Cruz, 149 SCRA 654
-Province of Zamboanga del Norte vs. CA, 342 SCRA 549
-Antipolo Realty vs. NHA, 153 SCRA 399
- Villaflor v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95694, 09 October 1997, 280 SCRA 297
- Paloma vs. Mora, G.R. No. 157783, Sep. 23, 2005
- Euro-Med Laboratories, Phil., Inc. vs. Province of Batangas, G.R. No.
148106, July 17, 2006
-Heirs of Lorenzo and Carmen Vidad vs. LBP, G R. 166461, April 30, 2010
E. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
-Garcia vs. Court of Appeals, 358 SCRA 416
-Gonzales vs. Court of Appeals, 357 SCRA 599
- Regino vs. Pangasinan Colleges of Science and Technology, G.R.
No.
156109, Nov. 18, 2004
-Batelec II Electric Cooperative, Inc. vs. Energy Industry Administration Bureau
(EIAB), G.R. NO. 135925, Dec. 22, 2004
-Holy Spirit Homeowners Association vs. Defensor, G.R. No. 163980, August 3,
2006
1. Exceptions to the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies
- Paat vs. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 167
-Information Technology Foundation of the Philippines vs. Commission on
Elections, G.R. No. 159139, Jan.13, 2004
- Philippine Health Insurance Corporation vs. Chinese General Hospital
and
Medical Center, G.R. No. 163123, April 15, 2005
F. Effect of noncompliance of the doctrine
1. Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction or Doctrine of Prior Resort
2. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
-Sunville Timber vs. Abad. 206 SCRA 482

-END OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW-

15