PAPER PRESENTATION

ON
BUBBLE POWER

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INTRODUCTION
The power generation is based on principle of
sonofusion.
y Sonofusion was derived from a related phenomenon,
sonoluminescence.
y At one day it may become a revolutionary new energy

source.
y Sonofusion Research team from various
organizations have joined forces to create acoustic
fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to
promote the development of sonofusion.

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SONOLUMINESCENCE
y When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by an

ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of

light of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.

y These flashes of light, known as sonoluminescence,

occur as the bubble implodes.

Chemical reactions occurs &yield of photons and ions
formed
y Gas bubbles in liquid convert sound energy into
liquid.
y It is also called as single bubble sonoluminescenece
involve a single gas bubble trapped inside flask by a
pressure field.

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THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement

fusion.

In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled

flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the

motion of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble

core .

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear

fusion.

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BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Vacuum pump
Pyrex flask
Piezoelectric crystal
Wave generator
Amplifier
Neutron generator
Neutron and gamma ray detector
Photomultiplier
Microphone & speaker
y Dueterated acetone(C3D6O).
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HOW SONOFUSION WORKS

Action of vacuum pump to remove natural occuring gas
bubbles in liquid because they cant withstand high
temparature&presure.
Fill the flask with deuterated acetone because this atoms
can easily undergoes fusion&fiuid can withstand high
tension without unwanted bubble.
For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to
the ring through wave generator&amplifier,then it
contract&expand,flask send pressure wave(max 1500kpa
,min -1500kpa) through liquid.
Fire a pulsed neutron generator when pressure reaches to
lowest point.
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ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)
The fast moving neutrons
may knock atoms
nuclei&give their kinetic
energy to liquid
moleculesflying in the
flask create a bubble
cluster(about 1000
bubbles) in the
deuterated acetone
liquid.
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Stage (2)
y By firing neutron

generator in low
pressure i.e, negative
pressure in the liquid
makes the bubbles swell
100000 times in size
(from nano to
millimeter-scale).

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Stage 3
y The liquid pressure

turns positive and

compresses the
bubble, causing them
to implode with great
violence&creates
spherical shockwaves
within bubbles.

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Stage(4)
y The implosion creates

an instantaneous
pressure of 10 trillion
kilopascals and
temperature of more
than 100 million
degree C, making the
deuterium fuse.

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FUSION REACTION

y Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable

outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeVneutron or tritium

and a proton.
y The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a
reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity
generator.

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EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP

NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE
y We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is

fusing.
y The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen

isotope tritium
y The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron

detector.
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ADVANTAGES
y It is self sustaining.
y Easily control.
y Produce more energy than it consumes.
y Low cost.
y Easily available raw materials.
y Environmental friendly.

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APPLICATIONS
y The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new

source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost

energy.
y Compact detectors for security applications.
y To analyze molecular structure of materials.
y Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic
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materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for

medical imaging to watch dials.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
y Fully self-sustained.

neutrons

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CONCLUSION
y For more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has

held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless

energy.
y 1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be

equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.

y Deuterium abundent in ocean water ,1 cubic kilometer of

seawater could supply all the worlds needs for several

hundred years.
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REFERENCE
ywww.purdue.edu
ywww.iter.org
ywww.washington.edu
yFuels& combustion-samir sarkar
yPrinciples of inorganic chemistrypediain.com

puri,sharma,kalia.

ANY QUERRIES?

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THANK YOU

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