[U]: Undergraduate

[G]: Graduate

Number Theory

[U] Andrews: Number Theory A good introductory text with some unusual
combinatorial proofs.

[U] Apostol; Introduction to Analytic Number Theory A good introduction to

both analytic number theory and to many topics which the PROMYS number
theory covers lightly. Some familiarity with calculus is assumed and the last
few chapters assume some knowledge of complex analysis.

[U/G] Borevich & Shafarevich: Number Theory A beautifully written

introduction to the more advanced aspects of modern algebraic number
theory. Hard to read without a strong background in such things.

[G] Cohen: A Course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory Your

number one source for algorithms in computational algebraic number theory.

[U] Cohn: Advanced Number Theory This book, as its name suggests, is
fairly advanced but it is quite accessible. It is a good book to read after
PROMYS, especially if Z[-5] upsets you.

[U] Conway, John H.: The Sensual (Quadratic) Form A unique approach to
quadratic forms. Includes unusual proofs of Hasse-Minkowski, quadratic
reciprocity, and the three squares theorem.

[U/G] Cox, David: Primes of the form x^2+ny^2 -- A wonderful book that
introduces such ideas as complex multiplication, class field theory, elliptic
curves, and binary quadratic forms, in a down to earth and very accessible
way! Lots of fun.

[U] Davenport: The Higher Arithmetic, 7th Ed., Cambridge A good book to
read after PROMYS.

[G] Davenport: Multiplicative Number Theory Good introduction to

Dirichlets theorem, the zeta function, and sieve theory.

[U] Edwards, H. M.: Riemanns Zeta Function A great description of the zeta
function and what is known about it; assumes complex analysis. Now
reprinted by Dover, so you have no excuse for not owning it.

[U] Gouvea. p-adic numbers Very accessible. Also serves as an excellent

tutorial on how to read harder math books in general.

[U] Hardy and Wright: An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers A

thorough and classical treatment. Contains a surprising wealth of information.

[U] Ireland and Rosen: A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory

Covers the rudiments of algebraic number theory concretely using mostly
elementary methods. Includes a treatment of cubic and biquadratic
reciprocity.

[U] Gelfand: The Solution of Equations in Integers A good review of some of

the topics covered this summer plus a glimpse of what lies beyond.

[G] Janusz: Algebraic Number Fields A readable introduction to class field

theory for someone who knows Galois theory; technically it requires no
knowledge of algebraic number theory, but a previous book on the topic may
help.

[U] Khinchin: Continued Fractions An extensive treatment, elementary in the

beginning, but difficult toward the end.

[U] Khinchin: Three Pearls of Number Theory A very beautiful little book,

but difficult.

[G] Koblitz: p-adic Numbers, p-adic Analysis, and Zeta-Functions A very

good and readable introduction to p-adics. Feel free to skip chapter two, as it
is far more advanced than the rest of the book and is not used later.

[U/G] Lekkerkerker: Geometry of Numbers With a name like Lekkerkerker,

how can you go wrong? The standard, comprehensive treatment of Minkowski
theory. Generalizes and applies Minkowskis theorem in enough ways to kill a
horse.

[U] Marcus: Number Fields. One of the most readable introductions to

algebraic number theory. Its good to have seen rings and some Galois theory
before.

[G] Neukirch: Algebraic Number Theory An extremely comprehensive,

streamlined and sophisticated resource, including a treatment of axiomatic
class field theory and the Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem; requires a lot
of background to appreciate. Also includes a sizeable section on zeta
functions and analytic number theory (but does not include the prime number
theorem).

[G] Patterson: An Introduction to the Theory of the Riemann Zeta Function A

modern approach to the Zeta function with a view towards generalizations.

[U] Ribenboim: The New Book of Prime Number Records 3rd ed. A great
survey of everything you could want to know about prime numbers in Z, both
current knowledge and history.

[U/G] Rosen: Number Theory in Function Fields Everything you might ever
want to know about Zp[x] and its relatives, including generalizations of
Quadratic Reciprocity, Zeta Functions and more. There are few formal
prerequisites, but you should be used to reading math books.

[U/G] Serre: A Course in Arithmetic A pretty and quick introduction to p-

adics, Dirichlet series, and modular forms after you are comfortable with
abstract algebra, topology, and complex analysis.

[U] Shanks: Solved and Unsolved Revised Problems in Number Theory, 4th
Ed., Chelsea Publishers. An unusual introduction to number theory
including many relatively recent results and conjectures.

[U] Silverman & Tate: Rational Points on Elliptic Curves A very

computational elementary introduction to the arithmetic on elliptic curves.

[G] Silverman: The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves A standard reference for the
basic theory of elliptic curves.

[G] Silverman: Advanced Topics in the Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves A sequel

to the above; includes more specialized topics such as complex multiplication
and Neron models.

[U] Stopple: A Primer of Analytic Number Theory This is a comfortable

introduction to analytic number theory which does not assume much more
than basic calculus. Topics include the zeta function, Pells equation, binary
quadratic forms and the class formula.

[G] Swinnerton-Dyer: A Brief Guide to Algebraic Number Theory A gem of a

book, compact and streamlined. A slick introduction to modern number
theory.

[U/G] Thomas: Zeta Functions: An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry

Introduces algebraic geometry and the Weil conjectures using the zeta
function of varieties over finite fields. Frighteningly elementary.

[U] Uspensky & Heaslet. Elementary Number Theory Contains many good
examples.

Algebra

[U] Herstein: Topics in Algebra A good place to start; excellent on groups,

rings, fields, and linear algebra with very good problems. His newer book,
Abstract Algebra, is more elementary but also very readable.

[U] Halmos: Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces Excellent abstract treatment

of linear algebra. Better than Hoffman and Kunze. Use this book.

[U/G] Atiyah & Macdonald: Commutative Algebra. A short introduction to

the algebra needed in algebraic geometry. College-level. Many good
problems.

[U] Artin, Emil: Galois Theory A beautiful presentation. Ridiculously slick;

there are no problems, so take care to redo all the proofs.

[U] Artin, Michael: Algebra A classic. Has a wonderful collection of

problems. Highly recommended.

[G] Bourbaki: Algebra, Commutative Algebra, Integration, Topological Vector

Spaces, etc. These are technically parts of the same volume, but they are
so massive they each come in their own book. Bourbaki does everything in
the utmost generality. It can be unwieldy, but the algebra books are done
quite nicely, and a lot of the material is not found anywhere else because no
one else wants to write foundational books.

[U] Burn: Groups, a Path to Geometry Lots of applications.

[U] Cox, Little & OShea: Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms - A very accessible
introduction to basic ideas from computational algebraic geometry.

[G] Eisenbud: Commutative Algebra with a View Toward Algebraic Geometry

A very comprehensive commutative algebra book with loads of excellent

exercises. Too unwieldy to be used as an introduction, but an excellent place

to go for all sorts of interesting, modern commutative algebra.

[U] Edwards: Galois Theory Includes a translation of Galois writing and a

decent history of the topic.

[G] Fulton and Harris: Representation Theory: A First Course The first
chapters make up an excellent introduction to the representation theory of
finite groups; the later chapters to that of Lie groups and Lie algebras.
Everything in this book is done with a mind to the student.

[G] Gelfand and Manin: Methods of Homological Algebra A comprehensive,

very modern homological algebra book, covering progress made in the
subject since the 60s.

[U] Hoffman and Kunze: Linear Algebra One of the very few good books on
linear algebra.

[G] Jacobson: Basic Algebra (Two Volumes) A thorough and well-written text
giving the basic results of almost every field of Abstract Algebra with many
fascinating applications. Very dense and fast moving; this should not be your
first book on Abstract Algebra. Out of print, but can be bought online.

[U] James and Liebeck: Representations and Characters of Groups Very

accessible introduction to the representation theory of groups. The focus is on
finite groups, but there is a chapter on GL(2,q), two chapters on applications
to group theory, and a chapter on the applications of character theory to
molecular vibrations.

[U] Lang: Linear Algebra Standard undergraduate book.

[U] Lang: Undergraduate Algebra Concise, but easier than Herstein.

Excellent for learning.

[G] Lang: Algebra The standard reference for abstract algebra. Much more
difficult to learn from than the above book, but indispensable as a reference.

[U] Rotman: An Introduction to Group Theory A good, accessible reference.

[G] Serre: Complex Semisimple Lie Algebras A strong and direct treatment
of Lie algebra theory.

[U/G] Serre: Linear Representations of Finite Groups A surprisingly

introductory account of the basic theory of linear representations of finite
groups, with many good examples and exercises.

[G] Shafarevich: Basic Notions of Algebra

[U] Stewart, Ian: Galois Theory A good down to earth introduction to field
extensions with lots of doable problems. Highly recommended.

[U] Uspensky: Theory of Equations A book that brings together algebra,

analysis, computation, etc.

[G] Zariski & Samuel: Commutative Algebra (2 Vols). Covers the algebra
necessary to study algebraic geometry. Moves slowly and gives examples,
but it can be hard to see the forest for the trees.

Combinatorics

[U] Alon and Spencer: The Probabilistic Method Goes into more depth than
Spencer. Lots of neat examples and applications.

[U] Bondy and Murty: Graph Theory with Applications Good explanations,
easy to read.

[U/G] Bressoud: Proofs and Confirmations: The Story of the Alternating Sign
Matrix Conjecture This is a history of the proof of the Alternating Sign
Matrix Conjecture, including a full proof and many other elegant
combinatorial results. This book does a great job of showing the interplay
between observations, proofs and analogies in mathematical research. The
writing style is very easy and casual, but the math is quite serious.

[U] Brylawski: Studies in Combinatorics One of a super series edited by

Rota and put out by the MAA.

[U] Chung and Graham: Erdos on Graphs A compilation of Erdos work on

graphs with a huge collection of open problems and their status. If youre
looking for a challenging and intriguing graph theory conjecture to try your
hand at, or for the current status of most graph theory questions, look here.

[U] Cohen, D. I. A. : Introduction to Combinatorial Mathematics One of the

best introductions to combinatorics and combinatorial reasoning.

[U/G] Comtet: Advanced Combinatorics Advanced and somewhat oldfashioned, but good when you have mastered the basics.

[U] Conway, John H.: On Numbers and Games A more sophisticated and
theoretical presentation of surreal numbers (and games) than Knuths book

[U] Graham, Knuth, and Patashnik: Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for

Computer Science This book is an excellent account of discrete
mathematics. A large number of high quality exercises with solutions.

[U] Graham, Spencer, Rothschild: Ramsey Theory One of the clearest

introductions to the subject.

[U] Ryser: Combinatorial Mathematics Clearly written and very accessible.

[U] Spencer: Ten Lectures on the Probabilistic Method Short, easy to read
book on probabilistic combinatorics.

[U/G] Stanley: Enumerative Combinatorics, v. I and II A graduate-level

book, now the standard reference; it goes very deep, but it should be
readable when you know the basics. It has lots of good problems, which are
all given difficulty ratings, with solutions. EC2 contains 66 interpretations of
the Catalan numbers.

[U] Trudeau: Introduction to Graph Theory A very readable first book on

graph theory.

[U] Wilf: Generatingfunctionology An excellent introduction to generating

functions.

[U] Wilson, Robin: Introduction to Graph Theory Clearly written and very
accessible. Nota Bene: Many of the journal articles in the subject are
accessible. See for example the Journal of Combinatorial Theory.

Topology

[U] Armstrong: Basic Topology An excellent introduction to the subject;

treats both geometry and formalism.

[U] Arnold: Intuitive Concepts in Elementary Topology Very intuitive; very

accessible.

[G] Boo: Topology and Analysis: The Atiyah-Singer, etc. Excellent

introduction to the circle of ideas that makes up index theory, one of the
hottest topics in modern geometry.

[G] Bredon: Topology and Geometry Works out a lot of examples in

cohomology theory. Grounded in geometry.

[U] Chinn, Steenrod: First concepts of topology. A highly motivated

introduction to the basic ideas of topology.

[G] Guillemin and Pollack: Differential Topology Covers, among other things,
many of the topics in Milnor, but with more depth; excellent exposition.

[G] Hatcher: Algebraic Topology A beautiful, very geometric introduction to

algebraic topology of all sorts, with lots of examples worked out. One of the
first algebraic topology books to get it right, incorporating many modern
techniques while keeping everything accessible.

[U/G] Hocking and Young: Topology An excellent, compact reference for

point-set topology, with quite a bit of algebraic topology thrown in as well.

[G] May: A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology The title says it all. It
contains everything there is to know about algebraic topology, including an
extremely thorough treatment of homotopy theory. It is also frighteningly
concise and modern; as a result it prepares you to start reading modern
research papers directly. Not for the faint of heart, but a very rewarding read
if you give it the patience it deserves.

[U/G] Massey: A Basic Course in Algebraic Topology Readable, lots of

examples. Combines much of his Algebraic Topology: An Introduction and
Singular Homology Theory.

[U] Milnor: Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint A good introduction

to differential topology. Very concise and elegant.

[U] Munkres: Topology: A First Course The standard introduction to pointset topology and a bit of algebraic topology; very well written. The new,
expanded second edition is called Topology.

[G] Spanier: Algebraic Topology Covers lots of good topics in algebraic

topology; rather abstract and categorical.

[U] Steen, Lynn Arthur: Counterexamples in Topology An excellent source

from which to see exactly why all those assumptions are necessary for some
theorems. One of the best books out there for building intuition.

[G] Vick: Homology Theory A good place to learn homology theory.

Geometry

[G] Adams: Lectures on Lie Groups A clear and concise introduction to the
theory of compact Lie groups. Bypasses Lie algebra theory.

[G] Almgren: Plateaus Problem: An Invitation to Varifold Geometry A short

book on a single topic. Read after knowing some of the basics.

[U] Coxeter & Greitzer: Geometry Revisited Coxeter and Greitzer give an
exciting treatment of Euclidean geometry picking up where high school left
off. The exercises are interesting and engaging like the text.

[U/G] Coxeter: Introduction to Geometry This is geometry as it ought to be

done.

[G] Dubrovin, Fomenko, Novikov: Modern Geometry Methods and

Applications. 3 volumes. A comprehensive treatment of topology and
geometry that never loses sight of visual intuition. Requires college-level
mathematical maturity.

[U] Greenberg, Marvin: Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometry: Development

and History An excellent introduction with a lot of motivation and history.

[G] Hartshorne: Algebraic Geometry A standard reference for the schemetheoretic viewpoint of algebraic geometry. Contains many exercises, as
notorious as they are pedagogically sound. Should be read in conjunction
with a more classically-minded text, such as Shafarevichs Basic Algebraic
Geometry, Mumfords Complex Projective Varieties, or Harriss Algebraic
Geometry: A First Course.

[G] Griffiths and Harris: Principles of Algebraic Geometry Algebraic

geometry from an entirely analytic point of view. Very classical, very
beautiful, and very difficult; fundamentally different in flavor, texture, and
color from the other books on this list.

[U] Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen: Geometry and the Imagination Hard to find,
but great for getting geometric insight.

[U] Kedlaya: Packet on Euclidean Geometry Has great problems and tools
for Euclidean Geometry; download from http://www.unl.edu/amc/for-students/

[U] Madsen and Tornheave: From Calculus to Cohomology Has a very

modern and sure-footed style, yet remains extremely accessible. Highly
recommended as a first book on manifolds.

[G] Mumford: The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes The only book that
tells you why schemes are the correct objects to study in algebraic geometry.
Lots of examples and explanation of very advanced topics from one of the
best expositors ever.

[G] Thurston: Three-Dimensional Topology and Geometry. Visual intuition is

stressed over rigor. Lots of great exercises.

[U] Yaglom: Geometric Transformations A delightful book.

Calculus and Analysis

[U/G] Ahlfors: Complex Analysis The standard first graduate textbook.

[U] Apostol: Calculus (Vols. 1 and 2) The second-best calculus text out
there. Also contains several-variable calculus and some linear algebra.

[U] Apostol: Mathematical Analysis More difficult and more abstract than
Buck, but valuable and readable. It continues where Buck leaves off, but
should be accessible after any good elementary course.

[U] Boas: A Primer of Real Functions A fun book on real analysis; focuses on
giving interesting examples and cool facts rather than difficult machinery.

[U] Buck: Advanced Calculus A classic. Highly recommended.

[U/G] Cartan: Elementary Theory of Analytic Functions of One or Several

Complex Variables Cartan's book is a brisk and rigorous introduction to
complex analysis. It is complex analysis absolutely done right. Perfect for
those comfortable with a fairly high level of abstraction.

[U] Conway, John B.: Functions of One Complex Variable Another excellent
text on complex analysis, but more difficult than Ahlfors.

[U] deBruijn: Asymptotic Methods in Analysis Explains how to compute the

rates of growth of solutions to functions defined by integrals, differential
equations or implicitly with many examples. Although it does not cover
applications to combinatorics, combinatorialists will find it helpful.

[U] Gelbaum, Bernard R.: Counterexamples in Analysis -- An excellent source

from which to see exactly why all those assumptions are necessary for some
theorems. One of the best books out there for building intuition.

[U] Keisler, H. Jerome: Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach

Keisler's book is an alternative approach to Calculus using the idea of an

infinitesimal rather than epsilon-delta. It does not assume any calculus and is
available for free online.

[U] Knopp: Sequences and Series A beautiful little book.

[U] Knopp: Theory of Functions (Three Volumes and Two Problem Books) An
introduction to functions of a complex variable; requires a high degree of
sophistication; the problem books are especially good.

[U] Kuga: Galois Dream A really fun book introducing groups, differential
equations, and one of their connections, the surprising world of differential
Galois theory.

[U] Pugh, Charles Chapman: Real Mathematical Analysis -- An absolutely

fantastic introduction to Analysis, it has excellent exposition and is full of
great examples and over 500 (good) exercises. A counterpart to Rudin, Pugh
always builds up machinery first and uses it to provide very clear proofs that
grant a good sense of "why" something is true. Judging by page count and
the amount of material it covers, it seems that it must be as concise as Rudin,
yet it reads very easily.

[U] Rudin: Principles of Mathematical Analysis An accessible, traditional

introduction to hard analysis. The first half is good, but the last few chapters
are not a good place to learn about differential forms and Lebesgue
integration.

[G] Rudin: Real and Complex Analysis An excellent text combining real and
complex analysis, starting with a good introduction to measure and
integration theory.

[U] Schey: Div, Grad, Curl and all that An excellent book for understanding
multivariable calculus.

[U/G] Shakarchi and Stein: Princeton Lectures in Analysis The new standard
textbook for Fourier analysis (volume I), complex analysis (volume II), and

real analysis and measure theory (volume III). When volume IV comes out, it
will have a hodgepodge of topics in modern analysis, such as distribution
theory. Blows all other analysis books out of the water in quality of exposition,
clarity, and depth.

[U] Spivak: Calculus Spivak takes the honors as the best introductory
calculus text: a thorough treatment of the subject beautifully written.

[U] Spivak: Calculus on Manifolds This standard reference is a classical

approach to multivariable calculus, manifolds and differential forms, making
them painful, ugly and confusing.

[G] Stein: Introduction to Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces A rigorous

introduction to Fourier analysis on Euclidean spaces, with an emphasis on
operators and interpolation.

[U/G] Whittaker & Watson: Modern Analysis The classic text on complex
variables and transcendental functions, includes an excellent section on the
Jacobi theta functions. The beginning is a very thorough, though nonstandard,
course on complex analysis.

Probability

[U] Adams and Guillemin: Measure Theory and Probability A good

introduction to measure theory, emphasizing applications to probability
theory. The second half deals with Fourier analysis and Lebesgue integration.

[G] Dudley: Real Analyis and Probability A fairly sophisticated and

advanced introduction. Very complete and gives concise proofs.

[U] Feller: An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Fifth

Edition. The standard reference.

[U] Larsen and Marx: An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and its

Applications Fun to read.

[U] Mosteller: Fifty Challenging Problems in Probability Great problems,

highly recommended.

Set Theory and Logic

[U] Halmos: Naive Set Theory A classic written by a great expositor.

[U] Delong: A Profile of Mathematical Logic Very accessible.

[U] Ebbinghaus, Flum, and Thomas: Mathematical Logic A good

introduction to first-order logic, Gdels Incompleteness Theorem, and Model
Theory.

[U] Enderton, Herbert: A Mathematical Introduction to Logic -- Enderton's

strong points are that the book is concise, very simple, and does a great job
of connecting logic with other fields of math (such as Algebra and Analysis).

[U] Hofstadter, D.: Gdel, Escher, Bach, an Eternal Golden Braid -- A witty
guide to Gdels proof and related philosophical ideas.

[G] Krivine: Introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory -- A complete introduction;

very dense.

[G] Jech: Set Theory Includes the proof of Cohens independence results.

[U/G] Mendelson: Introduction to Mathematical Logic Best all-around

introductory text.

[U] Nagel and Newman, J.: Gdels Proof Not hard to read, and no
background required.

[U] Roitman, Judith: Introduction to Modern Set Theory An introduction to

axiomatic set theory, ordinals, cardinals. Elementary and very readable.

[U] Russell: Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy A classic and

accessible, though somewhat dated introduction.

[U/G] Smorynski: Logical Number Theory I Does basic logic with a heavy
focus on Number Theory applications; includes clear proofs of Gdels
theorem and Hilberts Tenth Problem (that there exists no algorithm to decide
whether a Diophantine equation is solvable.) Volume II was never published.

[U] Smullyan: Forever Undecided : A Puzzle Guide to Gdel This book uses
liar/truthteller puzzles to walk you through Gdels proof.

[U] Vaught: Set Theory A readable, thorough and rigorous undergraduate

introduction