2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

Section II

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Section I
1
D

2
A

3
C

4
D

5
B

6
B

7
A

8
D

9
C

10
C

Q1 AOB = 40 2 = 80

Q2 cos x sin x = A cos(x + b ) = A cos x cos b A sin x sin b

.: A cos b = 1 and A sin b = 1 , .: tan b = 1 , b =

x + 3 = 0 ,
x

.: x = 1, 2

Q11b n = 30 , p = 0.1

and A = 2 A

Pr ( X 2) = Pr( X = 0) + Pr ( X = 1) + Pr( X = 2)
30
30
30
= 0.10 0.9 30 + 0.11 0.9 29 + 0.12 0.9 28
0
1
2

( )(

12
12
5
9
Q3 The constant term is (2 x ) 3 = 2 9 53
x
3
3

2
2

Q11a x + 6 x + + 9 = 0 where x 0 ,
x
x

2
x + 3 = 0 , x 2 3x + 2 = 0 , (x 1)(x 2) = 0
x

( )(

( )(

Q11c

Q4

= , tan = tan( ) =

tan tan
1 3
=
=2
1 + tan tan
1 3

Q5 Let , and be the roots.

= 42 , .: either B or D. + + = 41 , .: B
Q6

d
1
3 sin
dx

x
=
2

4 x2

15
15!
15!
Q8 5 ! =
5! =
9 !6 !
9 !6
6

dx
du
1
== 2u ,
=
du
dx 2u
When x = 2 , u = 1 ; when x = 5 , u = 2
2
5
5 u +1
5
2
x
du
2
2
2 x 1 dx = 2 u dx = 22 u + 1 dx dx = 21 u + 1 du
Q11d Let x = u 2 + 1 , x 1 = u 2 ,

Q7 Period 6 and amplitude 5:

5


x = 5 sin t , v = x& =
cos t
3
3
3

Q9 P( x ) = x 4 8 x 3 7 x 2 + 3 = x 2 + x Q(x ) + ax + 3
P( 1) = 1 + 8 7 + 3 = a + 3 , .: a = 2

u3

20
= 2 + u =
3
3
1
x2 + 5
> 6 , .: x > 0 and x 2 6 x + 5 > 0 ,
x
(x 1)(x 5) > 0 , .: 0 < x < 1 or x > 5

Q11e
Q10

x e x . + e x ln x e x ln x
d e x ln x
x

=
Q11f
dx x
x2
=
O (0, 0) is equidistant from the two points (a b, b + a ) and
(a + b, b a ) , .: the locus of points (x, y ) is a perpendicular
bisector of the line joining the two points and passes through O.
Gradient of the line joining the two points
(b a ) (b + a ) = a
=
(a + b ) (a b ) b
b
.: gradient of perpendicular bisector =
a
b
.: the equation is y = x , i.e. bx ay = 0
C
a
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e x (1 ln x + x ln x )
x2

1
2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

Q12ai x = 2 sin 3t , at the start, i.e. t = 0 , x = 0 , the origin.

When it first returns to the origin, the total distance travelled
= 2 + 2 = 4 metres

Q13a Prove 2 n + ( 1) is divisible by 3, i.e. 2 n + ( 1)

where m and n are integers and n 1 .

Q12aii v = x& = 6 cos 3t , a = v& = 18 sin 3t

When n = k , assume 2 k + ( 1)
Consider n = k + 1 ,

n +1

When n = 1 , 21 + ( 1)

1+1

2 k +1 + ( 1)

k +1+1

k +1

k +1

sin 8 x
2 8

(cos 8x + 1)dx
0

8
cubic units
+ x = =
0 2 8 16

Q12c &x& = 2 e

x
2

3( 1)

k +1

. Let

( v )= 2e
2

x
2

k +1

Q13bi L2 = x 2 + 402 ,

k +1

) 3( 1)

k +1

k +1

d 2 d 2
dL
x + 40 2 , 2 L
= 2x
L =
dx
dx
dx

dL x
dL
= , .:
= cos
dx L
dx
Q13bii

x
When x = 0 , v = 4 , .: c = 6 and .: v 2 = 4 x + e 2 + 3

Q13ci PQ : QS = t 2 : 1

n n n
n n
.: 0 = + L + ( 1)
0 1 2
n

k +1

= 2 2 k + ( 1)

dx
x
1 2

x
.: v = 2 e 2 dx = 2 x + 2e 2 + c

Q12d Use the binomial theorem to expand

n
n
n
n
(x + 1)n = x 0 + x + x 2 + L + x n , x R
0
1 2
n
Let x = 1 ,
n
n
n
n
( 1 + 1)n = ( 1)0 + ( 1) + ( 1)2 + L + ( 1)n
0
1
2

n

= 2 2 k + (2 3)( 1)

= 2(3m ) 3( 1) = 3 2m ( 1) , .: true
Hence it is true for all integers n 1 .

1
2

= 3m is true.

= 2 2 k + ( 1)( 1)

= 2 2 k + 2( 1)

= 3m

= 3 = 3 1 , .: true
k +1

The particle is first at rest when 3t = , .: a = 18 m s-2

2

Q12b Volume = y 2 dx = cos 2 4 x dx =

n +1

dL dx dL
=

= 3 cos
dt dt dx

t 2 0 + 1 2at
2at
= 2
t2 +1
t +1
t 2 a + 1 at 2 2at 2
y coordinate =
= 2
t2 +1
t +1

Point Q , x coordinate =

Q13cii Slope of OQ =

2 at 2
t 2 +1
2 at
t 2 +1

=t

Q13ciii Let (x, y ) be Q .

y
where x 0
x
2at
y
Eliminate t from x = 2
and t = :
t +1
x
2a yx
2axy
2
2
, x= 2
, .: x + y = 2ay , x 2 + y 2 2ay = 0
x= 2
2
y
x
+
y
+1
From part ii, slope of OQ = t =

Q12e

()
x

Completing the square: x 2 + y 2 2ay + a 2 = a 2 ,

x1 is closer to than x2 .
Q12f T = A Be 0.03t , T 23C as t , .: A = 23 and
T = 23 Be 0.03t .
T = 2C at t = 0 , .: B = 21 and T = 23 21e 0.03t
When T = 10C , 10 = 23 21e 0.03t , 21e 0.03t = 13
13
.: 0.03t = log e
, t 16 , .: it takes 16 minutes approximately.
21

2
x 2 + ( y a ) = a 2 , .: the locus of Q is a circle centred at (0, a )
with radius of a units.

Q13di BAC + PQB = 180 (Sum of opposite angles of a

cyclic quadrilateral.
CQP + PQB = 180 (Supplementary angles)
.: BAC = CQP
Q13dii CPR = OPA (Vertically opposite angles)
OPA = BAC (Equal angles of isosceles triangle)
BAC = CQP from part i.
.: CPR = CQP
This result indicates that the line OP is a tangent to the circle
through P, Q and C, yielding equal angles in alternate segments.

2
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2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions

x
V cos
2
1
1 x
x
y = gt 2 + Vt sin .: y = g
+V
2
2 V cos
V cos
2
gx
.: y = x tan
sec 2
2V 2

Q14ai x = Vt cos .: t =

sin

Q14aii The angle between the downslope OP and the

gx 2
horizontal is , .: y = x and .: x tan
sec 2 = x
4
2V 2
gx 2
gx

sec 2 x(1 + tan ) = 0 , .: x 2 sec 2 (1 + tan ) = 0

2V 2
2V

2
gx
2V (1 + tan )
.: at point P,
sec 2 = (1 + tan ) , x =
2V 2
g sec 2

Q14bii Pr ( A wins eventually)

= Pr (first win or second win or third win or L)
= p + rq + rrp + rrrq + rrrrp + rrrrrq + L

= ( p + rq ) + ( p + rq )r 2 + ( p + rq )r 4 + L
p + rq (1 r )( p + r ) p + r
=
=
=
(1 r )(1 + r ) 1 + r
1 r2

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and/or mathematical errors.

2 2 V 2 (1 + tan )
= cos , .: D = 2 x =
D
4
g sec 2
D=

2 2V2
cos 2 + tan cos 2
g

.: D =

2 2V2
cos (cos + sin )
g

Q14aiii

dD 2 2 V 2
=
( sin (cos + sin ) + cos ( sin + cos ))
d
g

2 2V2
cos 2 sin 2 2 sin cos
g

2 2V2
(cos 2 sin 2 )
g

Q14aiv
Let

dD 2 2 V 2
=
(cos 2 sin 2 ) = 0 where 0 <
2
d
g

.: cos 2 sin 2 = 0 and .:

.: tan 2 = 1 , 2 =

,=

d 2D 2 2 V 2
=
( 2 sin 2 2 cos 2 )
d 2
g
=

4 2V2
(sin 2 + cos 2 )
g

When =

d 2D
< 0 , .: D has a maximum values.
d 2

Q14bi Winning on the second turn occurs when player A spins

R on their first turn and player B loses on the second turn.
.: Pr (first win or second win )
= Pr (first win ) + Pr (second win )
= p + rq = p + r (1 r p ) = (1 r )( p + r )

3
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2014 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions