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Chapter 8 Geometry

Refresher Material
Parallel Lines
Two lines lying in a plane are said to be parallel if they never meet.

Polygons
A closed figure, bounded by finite number of line segments, all lying in the same plane, is known as polygon.
Sum of interior angles of a polygon having 'n' sides, =
Sum of exterior angles of a polygon = 360 (irrespective of number of sides)

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Triangles
A triangle is a polygon formed by 3 line segments joined end to end.
Sum of interior angles of a triangle = 180

In any given triangle sum of 2 interior angles is equal to the third remote angle.
AD is the median of triangle, then
G is the centroid of the triangle. Centroid of a triangle divides the median AD in the ratio 2:1

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Angle Bisector Theorem

If AD is the bisector of the angle ABC then AD divided the side BC in the ratio

ie

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Circle Theorem
If AC is a chord of circle then angle ABC subtended by the chord at a point B on the circle is equal to

to angle subtended at point 0 lying in the same segment ie ABC = ADC. Also angle ABC is half of angle AOC.

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Alternate Segment Theorem

If XTB is a tangent to the circle then ATB =ACT.

Area of a triangle =
=
where
Area of a circle of radius r =
Area of a square of side
Length of diagonal of square =

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Area of rectangle of length l and breath b= lb

Volume of cube of edge length
Length of cube =
Volume of sphere of radius r =

Volume of hemisphere of radius r =

Surface area of cube =
Surface area of sphere =
Surface area of hemisphere =

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Solved Examples
QUESTION
The sum of the areas of two circles, which touch each other externally, is 153
larger to the smaller radius.

. If the sum of their radii is 15, find the ratio of the

(1) 4
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) none of these.

SOLUTION
Let the radii of the 2 circles be

and

, then

= 15 (given) and

(given)

= 153
solving we get,

= 12 and

=3

ratio of the larger radius to the smaller one is 12 : 3 = 4 : 1 hence option (1) is the answer.

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QUESTION
In the adjoining figure, points A, B, C and D lie on the circle. AD= 24 and BC = 12. what is the ratio of the area of
the triangle
?

CBE to that of

(1) 1:4
(2) 1:2
(3) 1:3
(4) Data insufficient.
SOLUTION
and

In

, CBA = CDA.

(a chord of a circle subtends equal angel at all points on the circumference, lying in the same segment)
similarly BCD = BAD and BEC = AED
9

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Therefore

( AAA similarity rule)

Now

Hence

10

hence option b).

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