Feeds FIFO

Feeding fish to fish and sustainable

aquaculture
Dr Andrew Jackson

IFFO the Marine Ingredient Organisation

Aquaculture in Motion
Brussels, 7 November 2012

What goes into fish feed?

Fishmeal & Fish Oil

Vegetable Oil , Rapeseed meal, Soyameal

Fish feed
The proportions depend
on price , the species
farmed and the stage in
the life cycle

An often asked question is how much

fish does it take to grow a fish?

Global fishmeal and fish oil production

1964-2011
thousand tonnes

8000

7000

6000

tonnes ,000

5000

4000

Fishmeal
Fish Oil

3000

2000

1000

IFFO data

Mass Balance of marine ingredients production

2010

Whole Fish
13,886

Total
18,515

888

IFFO estimates

By-Products
4,629

4,166
Water Steam
13,479

Raw material for global marine ingredients production

2000-2010
100%

Raw material sources for fishmeal

90%
80%
70%
60%
By-products

50%

Whole wild fish

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2000

2005

2010

IFFO estimates

Fishmeal use has moved from Agri to Aqua

1960 to 2010

Changing use of fish oil from hydrogenated fat to

aquaculture and direct human consumption
Changing uses of fish oil
2010

1990

1960

2%

5%

20%

20%

80%

16%

24%
59%

3%
71%

Clockwise from the top

Hardened Edible
Aquafeed
Industrial
Refined Edible

IFFO estimates

A
70
Mean fishmeal inclusion

60
Catfishes

50

Salmonids

40

Trouts

30

Milkfish
Eels

20

Marine fishes
Marine Shrimps

10
0
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Mean fish oil inclusion

30
25

Catfishes

20

Salmonids
Trouts

15

Milkfish
Eels

10

Marine fishes

5
0
1990

Inclusion levels of
fishmeal (A) and fish
oil (B) have been
falling fast

Marine Shrimps

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

After Tacon et al 2011

Fishmeal and fish oil consumption in

relation to growth of fed aquaculture
6)
Global Aquaculture
Production
with fishmeal
2000

2010
(tonnes
x
10
and fish oil usage 2000-2010 tonnes millions
35,0

3,50

30,0

3,00

25,0

2,50

20,0

2,00

15,0

1,50

10,0

1,00

5,0

0,50

0,0

0,00
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Fed Aquaculture
Fish meal in aquaculture
Fish Oil in aquaculture

Data FAO & IFFO

Estimated changes in Whole Fish-In:Whole Fish-Out (FIFO) ratios

based on mass balance; also % increases in farmed production
Farmed Fed Category

2000

2010

Production
increase %

Eels

3.0

1.8

14

Salmonids

2.6

1.4

53

Marine fish

1.5

0.9

81

Crustacea including shrimps & crabs

0.9

0.4

232

Tilapia

0.3

0.2

143

Other fed freshwater fish (e.g. catfish & pangasius)

0.6

0.2

462

Fed Cyprinids

0.1

0.1

42

Total for fed Aquaculture

0.6

0.3

97

Aquaculture now uses approximately 10 million tonnes of whole fish in fishmeal

& fish oil to produce 30 million tonnes of farmed product
Based on FAO & IFFO data

European aquaculture growth and

marine ingredient usage 2000-2011
2.000
1.800
1.600

thousand tonnes

1.400

European fed aquaculture

1.200

All fishmeal

1.000

Aquacultre fishmeal
All fish oil

800

Aquaculture fish oil

600
400
200
0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Estimated FIFO ratios have been falling

in Europe
FIFO for all European fed aquaculture

2,5

Whole Fish in Fish Out Ratio

1,5

0,5

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

European aquaculture produces 1.8 million tonnes of fish whilst using 2.3 million tonnes in feed
But aquaculture is converting small undesirable fish into very desirable products for the consumer

More important than how much fish is

used in feeding fish is:
Are all the raw materials coming from
sustainable sources
In the case of fishmeal & fish oil are they
coming from responsibly managed
fisheries?
Factories need to prove that they are
sourcing from fisheries that meet the FAO
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

IFFOs Global Standard for Responsible Supply

Over 100 factories worldwide are now certified
About 40% of world production of marine
ingredients is now certified
Around 90% of the fishmeal and fish oil being
used in Europe is certified

Thank you
www.iffo.net