A FOCUSING (PINCHED) FLOW OF PURE

ELECTRONS IS AN EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

AGAINST THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY OF
EINSTEIN.
P.T. Pappasa, T.P. Pappasb, L.P. Pappasc.
a

ppappas@papimi.com, btpappas@papimi.gr,
c

lpappas@papimi.gr.

Abstract:
In this paper, in the following, we show that a flow3 of pure
electrons can never self-focus, according to Special Relativity.
Thus, it is contrary to everyday experience, because such beams
do focuse2. Special Relativity is, thus, falsified in practice3.
Coulomb plus Ampere law1 with moving charges.
The Coulomb law is:

(7)
with
,=1.6021019 c.
The Ampere1 forces between moving charges are (si units):
f12 =

l
4

v2.r12v1.r12}}
00=1/ec2 , f12 =

dq1dq2

r
r

{1/- 00{2v2.v1 -

3
r

(8),
l
4

dq1dq2

r
r

{1- 2v2.v1/c2 } , it changes

sign when: 1- 2v2.v1/c2 = 0 , v2=v1=v, 2v2.v1=c2, v=c/1,41 =

212.765 Km/s.
For side, by side moving of pure electrons3. That is for this
velocity; the Ampere force becomes bigger than the Coulomb
force. Thu, the side by side pure electrons self-focus according
to the Ampere force. In Relativity, the magnetic force has limit
the Culomb force, for v=c, that is never reached. In such a
case, we should not have self-focusing of moving of pure
electrons3.
E=ds=dqv, f=idsxb=dqvxb, f=vxb/c2, f=q(e+vxb)=, side by
side at a distance ry, moving vx charges, stationary observer sees,
fc/ = fc - magnforce.
-magnforce= fc/ - fc, at vx=c, (fc+mf)=f, magnetic force
q(cxb)= - f/ + fc - 0 + fc
Magnetic force, q(cxb) -0 +fc, vxc
dispersive Coulomb force focusing magnetic force as vx
c.
SIMPLE SHORT PROOF.
From the law of Biot-Savart in S.I units:
B=0/4 i dl sin/r2, k=0/4, 00=1/c2, sin=1, B=(0/4)qv/r2
for v=c, b=(0/4)qc/r2, E=(1/40)q/r2 b/e=c00=1/c, then,
=c.b, f=qe=qcb
Therefore, we should never have self-focusing with the S.R. On
the contrary2, see-google self-focusing electron beams. Also,
see self-focusing beam vacuum radio tubes.
These all prove the non-Relativistic Ampere forces and disprove
the Special Theory Relativity.

We have the law of Biot-Savart, in S.I units, k=0/4, 00=1/c2,

B=0/4 i dl sin/r2, produced from the flow of electrons, not
from coil 4, idl=qv, sin=1:
B=(0/4)qv/r2 for v=c, b=(0/4)qc/r2, e=(1/40)q/r2,
b/e=c00=1/c,
then, =c.b, f=qeqcb, for vc, and v<c, Qe>qvb,
Qediverging>qvbcoverging.
Including the Coulomb law:

(7)
with

, the Ampere forces between moving charges

are (si units):

f12 =

dq1dq2

00=1/ec2,
f12 =
dq1dq2

r
r

r
r

{1/- 00{2v2.v1

v2.r12v1.r1,

{1- 2v2.v1/c2 } , the sign changes only,

if 1- 2v2.v1/c2 = 0 , v2=v1=v, 2v2.v1=c2, v=c/1,41 = 212.765 Km/s.

For v>212.765 km/s, Fc<famp,
Fc diverging <famp converging, this is the necessary condition for precise
self-focusing-converging.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have shown that a beam of pure electrons can
never self-focus, according to Special Relativity. However, this

is contrary to everyday experience, especially in the electronic

beam vacuum radio tubes, that such beams do focuse2. Special
Relativity is, thus, every day falsified in practice3.
On the contrary, pure electrons3 do self-focus, according to the
nonrelativistic Ampere force law. The Ampere force has never
been yet, found wrong in the history of humanity, according to
the father of Electromagnetism, J. C. Maxwell3, this law should
always remain the Cardinal Law of Electrodynamics.
Thus, the Ampere Electrodynamics, using the Ampere3 force law
is thus, definitely superior to the Relativistic Lorentz force law.

REFERENCES
1. P.T. PAPPAS ET ALL., PHYSICS ESSAYS, December 2014
issue, Vol. 27, No. 4, p. 570-579.

2. Search-google pinch effect, or pinch effect in

degenerate electron-hole plasma of semi-conductors, for
example:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Pinch+Effect,
http://www.turpion.org/php/paper.phtml?
journal_id=pu&paper_id=5201.
3. Also, Search pinch effect with one polarity charges, for
example:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch_(plasma_physics)
4. J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1891, ibid., unabridged
third edition Dover Publications, Inc., New York 1954,
Infallible Cardinal Law of Ampere, Vol. 2, p. 175.