Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba

School of Engineering
College of Mechanical Engineering
DC AND AC MACHINERY LAB
EE021B-L
4ME2

ELECTRICAL MACHINES
ACTIVITY NO.2

GROUP NO. 1
BRAZA, RICK JORGE G.

ENGR. MELVIN DL. MANALO, RME

INSTRUCTOR

Electric Motor

I.Motor(Electric Motor)
Electric motor is defined as an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy
to mechanical energy; they are the interface between the electrical and mechanical
systems of a facility. Electric motors are an important part of any electrical system.
They used throughout every manufacturing plant, office, and home consuming about
64% of all electricity generated. There are numerous ways to design a motor, thus there
are many different types of motors and each type possess different operating
characteristics (that will be listed later). Based on these characteristics the motor can be
chosen for a specified application.
Basic Working Principles of an Electric Motor
Electrical current flowing in a loop of wire will produce a magnetic field across the
loop. When this loop is surrounded by the field of another magnet, the loop will turn,
producing a force (called torque) that results in mechanical motion

Basic Parts of an Electric Motor

Electric Motors are classified into two categories D.C. and A.C. motors
Basic Parts of an Electric Motor
1.
Enclosure.
2.
Stator.
3.
Rotor.
4.
Bearings.
5.
Conduit Box.
6.
Eye Bolt.
1. Enclosure
- The enclosure consists of a frame (or yoke) and two end brackets (or bearing
housings). A motor's enclosure not only holds the motor's components together, it also
protects the internal components from moisture and containments. The degree of
protection depends on the enclosure type. In addition, the type of enclosure affects the
motor's cooling.
2. Stator
- The motor stator consists of two main parts:
A- Stator Core
The stator is the stationary part of the motor's electromagnetic circuit. The stator is
electrical circuit that performs as electromagnet. The stator core is made up of many
thin metal sheets, called laminations. Laminations are used to reduce energy losses that
would result if a solid core were used.
B- Stator (Windings)
Stator laminations are stacked together forming a hollow cylinder. Coils of insulated
wire are inserted into slots of the stator core.
When the assembled motor is in operation, the stator windings are connected directly to
the power source. Each grouping of coils, together with the steel core it surrounds,
becomes an electromagnet when current is applied. Electromagnetism is the basic
principle behind motor operation.
3. Rotor
- The rotor is the rotating part of the motor's electromagnetic circuit. Magnetic field
from the stator induces an opposing magnetic field onto the rotor causing the rotor to
push away from the stator field.
4. Bearings
_ Bearings, mounted on the shaft, support the rotor and allow it to turn. Not all bearings
are suitable for every application; a universal, all-purpose bearing does not exist. The
size of the bearing to be used is initially selected on the basis of its load carrying
capacity, in relation to the load to be carried, and the requirements regarding its life and
reliability. Other factors must also be taken into consideration, such as operating

temperature, dirty and dusty environmental conditions, and vibration and shocks
affecting bearings in running and resting conditions.
5. Conduit Box
- Point of connection of electrical power to the motors stator windings.
6. Eye Bolt
- Used to lift heavy motors with a hoist or crane to prevent motor damage.
ENCLOSURE

STATOR

ROTOR

BEARINGS

CONDUIT
BOX

EYE
BOLT

II. Electric Generators

Generators produce direct current or alternating current. Rotating a
coil of wire through a magnetic field generates an electric current. A
generator that produces current that flows in only one direction is a
DC, or direct-current generator.

Basic Parts of an Electric Generator

Yoke
The outer frame of a generator or motor is called as yoke. Yoke is made up of cast iron
or steel. Yoke provides mechanical strength for whole assembly of the generator (or
motor). It also carries the magnetic flux produced by the poles.
Poles
Poles are joined to the yoke with the help of screws or welding. Poles are to support
field windings. Field winding is wound on poles and connected in series or parallel
with armature winding or sometimes separately.
Pole shoe
Pole shoe is an extended part of the pole which serves two purposes, (i)to prevent field
coils from slipping and (ii)to spread out the flux in air gap uniformly.

Magnetic Field
A permanent magnet produces a magnetic field through which the coil is rotated. Many
large DC generators use a field coil instead of a magnet to produce the magnetic field.
Armature
The armature rotates through the magnetic field, cutting the lines of magnetic force.
This produces an electric current within the armature coil.

Commutator
The commutator is attached to the coil. In a simple DC generator, this is a pair of split
rings. The commutator transfers the current from the wire coil to the brushes. In a DC
generator, the commutator keeps the current at the brushes positive.

Brushes
The brushes are in constant contact with the commutator and are attached to the wires
leading from the generator. The commutator spins while the brushes remain stationary,
transferring current from the commutator.

Shaft
The shaft transfers mechanical energy to the generator and turns the coil through the
magnetic field. The shaft may be turned by a turbine that operates with water, steam or
air, or by other means

Electric Generator

Electric Motor

Electric Generator