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INDEX

Index Terms

Links

B
Boundary layers and transition length

97

boundary layer formation in closed


conduits
boundary layer on a flat plate

98
97

zones of a typical boundary layer on a flat


plate

98

E
Electric motors, fundamentals of

148

electric motor torque

151

motor efficiency

153

motor features

151

motor speed

150

problems

157

squirrel-cage induction motors

148

symbol list

156

synchronous motors

149

variable-speed drives

155

wound-rotor induction motors

149

Engineered and natural water systems


Equations of motion

2
60

equations of motions and the


Navier-Stokes equations

62

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Index Terms

Links

F
Flow rate measurement

202

flow rate in open channels, measuring

207

flowmeters, comparison of

206

magnetic flowmeters

202

orifice plates

202

problems

211

symbols

211

turbine and propeller meters

206

ultrasonic flowmeters

202

venturi meter

202

Flow through noncircular cross sections


Fluid flow phenomena
flow through a closed conduit
Fluid flow problems, types of
Type 1 approach
solution
Type 2 approach
solution

100
81
82
109
109
109
109
109

Type 3 approach

110

example

110

solution

110

Fluid flow transients

229

occurrence or damage from transients


minimizing

243

pressure waves

234

velocity

238

problems

245

symbol list

245

unsteady flow

230

Fluid flow, fundamentals of

53

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Index Terms
Fluid pressure

Links
33

Croton Dam

34

gravitational force, Fg

37

pipe end cap, internal pressure on a

36

vertical component of the pressure


force on plane c, Fp,y(c)

37

vertical pressure force on plane a, Fpy(a)

37

water storage tanks

35

wedge-shaped fluid volume,


pressure on a

36

Fluid properties

13

density

13

Fluid statics
Fluidization of granular media
Friction in closed-conduit fluid flow

33
168
81

Friction loss from changes in velocity


direction and magnitude
example

100
106

flow disruption through sudden


enlargement

101

resistance coefficients
elbows

103

fully open valves

104

tee fittings

103

typical fitting resistance coefficients

102

Friction loss in flow through


granular media
Friction loss in granular media
derivation of friction loss equation

159
162
164

fluid flow in granular media


characteristics of

163

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Index Terms
Friction reduction with polymer addition

Links
99

friction reduction for dilute solutions of


polyethylene oxide

99

G
General balances

53

Granular media used in treatment


systems

159

granular activated carbon contractors

161

granular media filtration

159

transport flow through a control volume

54

M
Mass balances
macroscale mass balance

54
57

fluid element for three-dimensional


mass balance

56

mass balances, summary of

59

equalization tank

59

microscale mass balance

55

flow through two boundaries in a


system

57

N
Non-Newtonian fluids
example
laminar flow
example

111
114
84
88

disk-shaped element in steady


fluid flow in a closed conduit

84

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Index Terms

Links

Non-Newtonian fluids (Cont.)


laminar flow profile for Newtonian
and non-Newtonian fluids
solution

113
88

velocity distribution in a closed


conduit for laminar and
turbulent flow

86

Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid shear


stress versus velocity gradient

112

problems

117

solution

114

symbol list

116

Open channel flow

247

O
hydraulic grade lines

259

Manning equation

247

example

251

solution

252

problems

260

specific energy of open channel flow

252

example

258

solution

258

Symbol list

260

P
Piping materials and corrosion

213

cement-based materials

214

copper alloys

213

corrosion principles

215

corrosion scales

218

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Index Terms

Links

Piping materials and corrosion (Cont.)


ferrous materials

213

forms of corrosion

221

concentration cell corrosion

223

localized corrosion

223

galvanic corrosion

221

uniform corrosion

221

reducing corrosion

224

thermoplastic materials

214

problems

227

symbol list

227

Pressure datums, defining

38

Pressure forces on curved surfaces

47

Pressure measurement

195

Bourdon tube

196

diaphragms

197

manometers

200

Pressure waves

234

occurrence or damage from transients


minimizing
velocity of the pressure wave

243
238

Pressure with elevation in a fluid column


variation of

39

fluid on a cylinder, forces on

40

two fluids on a manometer

43

Pumps and motors

119

cavitation

143

centrifugal pumps

125

axial flow centrifugal pumps

126

centrifugal pump configurations

127

mixed flow centrifugal pumps

126

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Index Terms

Links

Pumps and motors (Cont.)


principles

127

pump affinity laws

134

radial flow centrifugal pumps


net positive suction head
example

126
145
146

positive displacement pumps

124

pump characteristic curves

137

specific speed

141

example

143

system control

139

S
Static pressure forces on surfaces

44

differential force on a surface

45

Surface tension

22

vapor pressure

27

T
Thermodynamics
Bernoulli's equation

63
72

example

74

problems

77

solution

74

symbol list

76

energy balances

69

general system for energy balance


showing energy transfers
energy forms

70
64

internal energy

64

kinetic energy

64

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Index Terms

Links

Thermodynamics (Cont.)
other forms of energy

67

potential energy

65

energy transfer

67

Treatment systems and hydraulics,


Introduction to
Turbulent flow

1
91

calculation of friction factors for


turbulent flow

94

example

95

solution

95

pipe friction factors as a function


of relative roughness
velocity fluctuations in turbulent flow

93
92

V
Valve actuators

186

Valve applications, recommended,

183

Valve categories

176

Valve flow performance,

189

Valve materials

188

Valves

175

problems

192

symbol list

192

types

176

ball valves

177

butterfly valves

180

check valves

181

gate valves

179

globe valves

176

plug valves

181

pressure relief valves

183

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Index Terms

Links

Variation of pressure with elevation


in fluid column

39

Velocity gradient and shear stress

15

Newton's Law of Viscosity

15

non-Newtonian fluids

19

Bingham plastics

19

dilatants

21

pseudo plastics

20

viscosity, dependence of

22

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