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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

House
of
Saxe-Coburg
and
Gotha
(/sakskobrndo/; German: Haus SachsenCoburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty, the line of the
Saxon House of Wettin that ruled the Ernestine duchies
including the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

The ducal house consisted of all male-line descendents


of John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld legitimately born of an equal marriage, males and females (the
latter until their marriage), their wives in equal and authorised marriages, and their widows until remarriage. AcFounded by Ernest Anton, the sixth duke of Saxe- cording to the House law of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg
Coburg-Saalfeld, it is the royal house of several Eu- and Gotha the full title of the Duke was:
ropean monarchies, and branches currently reign in
Wir, Ernst, Herzog zu Sachsen-Coburg und GoBelgium through the descendants of Leopold I, and in
tha, Jlich, Cleve und Berg, auch Engern und
the Commonwealth realms through the descendants of
Westphalen, Landgraf in Thringen, Markgraf
Prince Albert. Due to anti-German sentiment in the
zu Meien, gefrsteter Graf zu Henneberg, Graf
United Kingdom during World War I, George V of the
zu der Mark und Ravensberg, Herr zu RavenUnited Kingdom changed the name of his branch from
stein und Tonna usw.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor in 1917. The same
happened in Belgium where it was changed to "van Belgi" (Dutch) or "de Belgique" (French).
We, Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
Jlich, Cleves and Berg, also Angria and
Westphalia, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave
of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg,
1 History
Count of the Mark and Ravensberg, Lord of
Ravenstein and Tonna, et cetera.
The rst duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was Ernest
I, who reigned from 1826 until his death in 1844. He
had previously been Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as There were two ocial residences, in Gotha and Coburg.
Ernest III) from 1806 until the duchy was reorganized Therefore, the whole ducal court, including the Court
in 1826. Ernsts younger brother Leopold became King Theater, had to move twice a year: from Gotha to
of the Belgians in 1831, and his descendants continue to Coburg for[1]the summer and from Coburg to Gotha for
serve as Belgian head of state. Lopolds only daugh- the winter. For the Court Theater, two almost identical
ter, Princess Charlotte of Belgium, was the consort of buildings had to built in 1840 in Gotha (destroyed in the
Maximilian I of Mexico, known as the Empress Carlota Second World War) and Coburg (now the Coburg State
of Mexico, in the 1860s. Ernsts nephew Ferdinand mar- Theater) and thereafter maintained at the same time. In
ried Queen Maria II of Portugal, and his descendants con- addition to the residential castles, Friedenstein in Gotha
tinued to rule Portugal until that country became a repub- and Ehrenburg in Coburg, the Ducal family also used the
Schloss Reinhardsbrunn in Gotha as well as the Rosenau
lic in 1910.
and Callenberg Castles in Coburg and the hunting lodge
Ernst Is second son, Prince Albert (18191861), married Greinburg Castle, Grein, Austria.
Queen Victoria in 1840, and thus is the progenitor of the
United Kingdoms current royal family, called Windsor
since 1917. In 1826, a cadet branch of the house inher2 Branches
ited the Hungarian princely estate of Kohry, and converted to Roman Catholicism. Its members managed to
marry an imperial princess of Brazil, an archduchess of 2.1 Ducal branch
Austria, a royal princess of the French, a royal princess
of Belgium and a royal princess of Saxony. A scion of 2.1.1 Dukes, 18261918
this branch, also named Ferdinand, became Prince, and
Ernest I 18261844
then Tsar, of Bulgaria, and his descendants continued to
rule there until 1946. The current head of the House of
Ernest II 18441893
Bulgaria, the former Tsar Simeon II who was deposed
and exiled during World War II, goes by the name Simeon
Alfred 18931900
Sakskoburggotski and served as Bulgarias prime minister
from 2001 to 2005.
Charles Edward 19001918
1

2 BRANCHES
Heraldic shield of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Personal arms of the family since the reign of
Charles Edward [1]
Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b.
1943), head of the ducal branch
Veste Coburg, ancestral seat of the House of SaxeCoburg
Ehrenburg Palace, Coburg (summer residence)
Friedenstein Castle, Gotha (winter residence)
Reinhardsbrunn Castle, Gotha
Rosenau Castle, Coburg
Callenberg Castle, Coburg
Greinburg Castle, Grein, Austria
1. ^ Ocial family website

Coat of arms of Saxony

2.1.2

Heads of the house since 1918

Charles Edward 19181954


Friedrich Josias 19541998
Andreas 1998present
Although the ducal branch is eponymous with the dynasty, its head is not the genealogically or agnatically senior member of the family. In 1893, the reigning duke
died childless, whereupon the throne would have devolved, by male primogeniture, upon the British branch
descended from Prince Albert. However, as heirs to the
British throne, Alberts descendants consented and the
law of the duchy ratied that the ducal throne would
not be inherited by the British monarch or heir apparent.
Therefore, the German duchy became a secundogeniture,
hereditary among the younger princes of the British royal
family who belonged to the House of Wettin, and their
Coat of Arms of the Kings of the Belgians of the House of Saxemale-line descendants.
Coburg and Gotha

Instead of the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom inheriting the duchy, it was diverted to his next
brother, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and, upon 2.2 Kings of the Belgians
the latters death without surviving sons, to the youngest
grandson of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, Prince
Leopold I (18311865)
Charles Edward, Duke of Albany (bypassing his uncle
Leopold II (18651909)
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and his male line who,
although senior by birth, preferred to remain on British
Albert I (19091934)
soil).
Leopold III (19341951)
The current head of the ducal branch is Andreas, Prince
of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Baudouin (19511993)
Coat of arms of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and
Gotha

Albert II (19932013)
Philippe (2013present)

2.4
2.2.1

Kingdom of Bulgaria
Belgian royal house

Because of the First World War, the family name was


changed in 1921 to van Belgi, de Belgique or von Belgien (of Belgium) in the countrys three ocial languages (Dutch, French and German) this family name
is used on the identity cards and in all ocial documents.
The armorial bearings of Saxony were removed from the
Belgian royal coat of arms (see here). Other Coburgers
from the many-branched Saxe-Coburg family have also
changed their name. For example, Britains King George
V adopted the family name of Windsor, after the Royal
Familys place of residence.[2]

3
Manuel II (r. 19081910, d.1932)
Manuel II died childless in 1932. He recognised as his
successor his distant cousin Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, who is not a descendant of Ferdinand II, or the
house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Duarte Nuno and his
successors are members of the House of Braganza.
King Manuel II (r. 19081910, d.1932)

King Philippe of Belgium and Queen Mathilde of


Belgium
Royal Palace of Brussels
Royal Palace of Laeken

Coat of Arms of the Kings of Bulgaria of the House of SaxeCoburg and Gotha

2.4 Kingdom of Bulgaria


Ferdinand I (18871918)
Boris III (19181943)
Coat of Arms of Ferdinand II of Portugal of the House of SaxeCoburg and Gotha

Simeon II (19431946) In 2001, elected[3] Prime


Minister of Bulgaria as Simeon Saxe-CoburgGothaalso known as Simeon Sakskoburggotski
().[4][5][6]

2.3

King Simeon II of Bulgaria (r. 19431946)

Kingdom of Portugal

See also: House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha


In Portugal the former royal house is usually not distinguished from the House of Braganza.

2.5 United Kingdom


Edward VII (19011910)

Lus I (18611889)

George V (19101936, until 1917 when the name


was changed and the royal house and family became
known as Windsor).

Carlos I (18891908)

Edward VIII (1936)

Pedro V (18531861)

Coat of Arms of Edward of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince of


Wales, the rst Coburgian to become King of the United Kingdom and Ireland as Edward VII in 1901

George VI (19361952)
Elizabeth II (1952)
Queen Elizabeth II
From King Edward VII, who reigned from 1901 to 1910,
until 1917 when King George V replaced the Germansounding title with the name of Windsor during the First
World War, British monarchs belonged to the House of
Saxe-Coburg & Gotha. The name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
survived the Belgian royal family until 1920 and in the
Bulgarian royal family.[7]

Genealogy

Patrilineality, descent as reckoned from father to son,


has historically been the principle determining membership in reigning families, thus the dynasty to which the
monarchs of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha belonged
genealogically through the 20th century is the House of
Wettin, despite the ocial use of varying names by different branches of the patriline.

References

[1] Janet Robinson and Joe Robinson, Handbook of Imperial


Germany (Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2009),
page 87
[2] Balfoort, Brigitte et al. journalist (PDF). The Belgian
Monarchy. Olivier Alsteens, Director-General of the FPS
Chancellery of the Prime Minister, Wetstraat 16, 1000
Brussels. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

EXTERNAL LINKS

Saxe-Coburg Dynasty Family Tree since the end of the 18th Century, showing their inheritance of the thrones of Great Britain,
Belgium, Portugal, and Bulgaria.

[3] Bulgaria: Timeline, BBC News Online, 27 June 2007. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
[4] Former king marks rst year as Bulgarian Prime Minister,
Radio Free Europe, 26 July 2002. Retrieved on 28 July
2007.
[5] Bulgarian (or Spanish) Prime Minister?, Bulgaria Development Gateway, 24 July 2003. Retrieved on 28 July
2007.
[6] Lord Alderdice speaking in the House of Lords on 19 May
2005, Hansard. Retrieved on 28 July 2007.
[7] Saxe-Coburg-Gotha on the ocial website of the British
monarchy

5 External links
Ocial Website of the Ducal House of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha
Callenberg Castle website

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1

Text

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha?oldid=670551238 Contributors: Kaihsu, Dale Arnett, DocWatson42, Huntington, OwenBlacker, Pc13, Hurricane111, Yuyu, Patsw, Lockley, Cassowary, CaptainCanada, Pevernagie, Chobot, Wavelength, Hairy Dude, Anders.Warga, Danbarnesdavies, Neutron, Arrigo, DWC LR, Sadistik, Barryob, Sotakeit, Stephennarmstrong, West Virginian, SmackBot, JFHJr, Keegan, JoshNarins, Hebel, GoodDay, Ohconfucius, Meld, Norm
mit, Domh, Richard75, Thomas81, CmdrObot, Pseudo-Richard, Jac16888, TicketMan, DumbBOT, Nick Number, ThomasPusch, JAnDbot, Ericoides, Indisciplined, Alexander Domanda, Hiplibrarianship, Tdadamemd, Maproom, C.Kent87, Maethordaer, Pubdog, Vnnen,
MrKIA11, Robveget, Pichpich, Dthomsen8, Sir Sputnik, Lepton6, Surtsicna, FactStraight, Addbot, Lemonade100, Yobot, Poko, The Emperors New Spy, AnomieBOT, Rubinbot, Materialscientist, Through Blue, Koektrommel, Anonymous from the 21st century, Miesianiacal,
UweBayern, Nocrowx, Skol r, Nashassum, Arbraxan, Nora lives, Bensvader, Idunius, Xanderliptak, Alph Bot, EmausBot, John of Lancaster, Sundostund, InternetGO, Kidkidpie2, Cristiano Toms,
, Coolidays, Reigen, KLL Joe, Joefromrandb, MerlIwBot, Equord,
Andrew Gwilliam, JMvanDijk, Edoardo Cavaleri, Kndimov, Tinynanorobots, Hipposcrashed, Drow69, Blairall, Marcelo Armando, Suebeque, KasparBot and Anonymous: 70

6.2

Images

File:Braso_do_Fernando_II.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Fernando_II.


svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bragancihno
File:Bulgaria_royal_family.jpg Source:
Public domain Contributors:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Bulgaria_royal_family.jpg License:

Bulgaria,Kingdom_1908.jpg Original artist: Bulgaria,Kingdom_1908.jpg: Oesermaatra0069 (diskuse | pspvky)


File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert_Edward,_Prince_of_Wales_(1841-1901).svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/c/cd/Coat_of_Arms_of_Albert_Edward%2C_Prince_of_Wales_%281841-1901%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Sodacan
File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_King_of_the_Belgians_(1837-1921).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/
Coat_of_Arms_of_the_King_of_the_Belgians_%281837-1921%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work, elements by
Katepanomegas Original artist: Sodacan
File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_Saxony.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Das Erscheinungsbild des Freistaates Sachsen (Markenhandbuch Version 2.0 vom 8.2.2013 [PDF-Datei, 23,89 MB])
Original artist: Freistaat Sachsen; House of Wettin
File:Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_Arms.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha_
Arms.svg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work basen on this Original artist: Hipposcrashed
File:Saxe_Coburg_Dynasty_Family_Tree.PNG Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Saxe_Coburg_
Dynasty_Family_Tree.PNG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: self Original artist: self

6.3

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