02A Drilling Rig PDF

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
Homework
Lesson 2A
Read ADE to p. 21
u Drilling Systems
Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B
u Drilling Rigs
ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

(on the internet)
due Monday, September 9, 2002
u Drilling a Well
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
Rotary Drilling
The Rotary System
Drilling Team
The Well Control System
Drilling Rigs
Well-Monitoring System
Rig Power System
Special Marine Equipment
Hoisting System
Drilling Cost Analysis
Circulating System . . .
PETE 411 Well Drilling
Slide 2 of 53
Rotary Drilling - contd
CHAPTER 1 (ADE)
Slide 3 of 53
Examples
Slide 4 of 53
The Rig Count
From the Houston Chronicle, August 26, 2001 & Sept. 1, 2002
Slide 5 of 53
From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 26, 2001

Slide 6 of 53
Noble
Drillings
Cecil
Forbes
A JackUp Rig
From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002
Sonats
George
Washington
Slide 7 of 53
Slide 8 of 53
Slide 10 of 53
Slide 12 of 53
A SemiSubmersible
Rig
Zapatas
Trader
A
Drillship
Slide 9 of 53
Deep Water Development Options
SUBSEA
COMPLETIONS
FIXED
PLATFORMS
COMPLIANT
TOWERS
FLOATING
PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS
TENSION
LEG
PLATFORMS
Slide 11 of 53
Shells
Auger
Tension
Leg
Platform
TENSION LEG PLATFORM
Slide 13 of 53
Shells
Bullwinkle
Slide 14 of 53
To TENSIONERS
SLIP JOINT
Worlds tallest
offshore
structure
MARINE
RISER
1,353 water
depth
GUIDE LINES
Production
began in 1989
45,000 b/d
80MM scf/d
BOP STACK
GUIDE BASE
MUDLINE
Slide 15 of 53
Slide 16 of 53
Fig. 1.4
The
rotary
drilling
process
Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization

Slide 17 of 53
Slide 18 of 53
Fig. 1.13
Engine
power
output
P=F
.V
Power = Force * Velocity
Fig. 1.5
Classification of
rotary drilling
rigsSlide 19 of 53
TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE

OF VARIOUS FUELS
Fuel
Type
Density
(lbm/gal)
Heating Value
(Btu/lbm)
Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output

torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200
rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr,
what is the output power and overall efficiency of
the engine?
Solution:
diesel
gasoline
butane
methane
7.2
6.6
4.7
--PETE 411 Well Drilling
The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1
P = T =
Slide 21 of 53
1 hour
w f = 31.5 gal/hr (7.2 lbm/gal)
60 minutes
7,539.8 (1,740) ft - lbf/min

= 397.5hp
(33,000 ft - lbf/min )/hp
Slide 22 of 53
Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in)

Qi = w f H
Qi =
3.78 lbm/min (19,000Btu/lbm ) (779 ft - lbf/Btu)

33,000 ft - lbf/min/hp
Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200

rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is
wf = 3.78 lbm/min.
The total heat energy consumed by the engine is
given by Eq. 1.2:
The angular velocity, , is given by
= 2 (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)
19,000
20,000
21,000
24,000
Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2

lbm/gal and the heating value H is 19,000
Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel consumption
rate w f is:
Slide 20 of 53
Slide 23 of 53
Et =
P 397.5
=
= 0.234 or 23.4%
Qi 1695.4
Slide 24 of 53
Drilling a Well
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well

1. Complete or obtain seismic, log,
scouting information or other data.
2. Lease the land or obtain concession.
3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best
data available.
4. If reserve estimates show payout,
proceed with well.
5. Obtain permits from conservation/
national authority.
Steps in Drilling a Well

Duties of Drilling Engineer
Making a Connection
Making a Trip
Rig Selection Criteria
Derrick Loading
Definitions (Lesson 2B) (separate)
Slide 25 of 53
Steps to Drill a Well - contd

6. Prepare drilling and completion
program.
7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or
combination from selected drilling
contractors based on drilling program.
8. If necessary, modify program to fit
selected contractor equipment.
Slide 27 of 53

13. Move off contractor if workover unit is
to complete the well.
14. Complete well.
15. Install surface facilities.
16. Analysis of operations with concerned
personnel.
Slide 29 of 53
Slide 26 of 53

9. Construct road, location/platforms and
other marine equipment necessary for
access to site.
10. Gather all personnel concerned for
meeting prior to commencing drilling
(pre-spud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.
12. Drill well.
Slide 28 of 53
Drilling Operations
Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen

A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results and
recommend future improvements
- prepare report.
D. General duties.
What are the well requirements?

Objectives, safety, cost
Slide 30 of 53
Making
a
Connection
Making
a
Trip
Making a mouse hole connection

Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole
Slide 31 of 53
Slide 32 of 53
Making a trip
Stabbing
the Pipe
Why
trip?
Single
Added.
Ready to
Drill
Use
Elevators
for
tripping
Put Kelly in
Rathole
Making a mouse hole connection - contd
Slide 33 of 53
Slide 34 of 53
Criteria for determining

depth limitation
Tripping
one stand
at a time
60-90 ft
MakingPETE
a 411
trip
- contd
Well Drilling
Slide 35 of 53
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
Slide 36 of 53
n = number
of lines
W = weight
(hook load)
W
T
L D = load
on derrick
2W
FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System
FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System

Assuming no friction
T=W
LD = 2W
W=4T
(no friction in sheave)

Slide 37 of 53
Example 1.1
(no friction)
n + 2
LD =
W
n
Slide 38 of 53
Solution:
The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch

casing for a deep well is determined to be
400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest
casing string run, the maximum mast load
must be calculated. Assuming that 10
lines run between the crown and the
traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy
effects, calculate the maximum load.
T = W/4
LD = 6 T = 6 W/4
Slide 39 of 53
The tension, T, will be distributed equally

between the 10 lines. Therefore,
T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbf
The tension in the fast line and dead line
will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total load is
40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf
Slide 40 of 53
Solution, cont.
A Rotary Rig
Hoisting System
Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional

points.
1. The marginal decrease in mast load
decreases with additional lines.
2. The total mast load is always
greater than the load being lifted.
Slide 41 of 53
Slide 42 of 53
Projection of
Drilling Lines
on Rig Floor
Load on Derrick
(considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load
(
F d = W + Ff + Fs
Fd = W +
TOTAL
Slide 43 of 53
Example 1.2
E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = e

= 0.98
Slide 44 of 53
Example 1.2, cont.
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks

can provide an input power to the block and tackle
system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung
between the crown block and traveling block.
Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
1 + E + En
=
W
En
W
W
+
En
n
Slide 45 of 53
Solution
3. the maximum hoisting speed,

4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick load,
and,
6. the derrick efficiency factor.
Assume that the rig floor is arranged as
shown in Fig. 1.17.
Slide 46 of 53
Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as

0.841 in Table 1.2. The tension in the fast line is
given by Eq. 1.7.
2. The maximum hook horsepower

available is
Ph = Epi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.
F=
W
300,000
=
= 44,590 lb
E n 0 .841* 8
( 0.988 = 0.851 )
Slide 47 of 53
Slide 48 of 53
Solution
Solution to 3., cont.
3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by
vb =
Ph
W
33,000 ft - lbf / min

420.5 hp
hp
=
300,000 lbf
= 46.3 ft / min
Slide 49 of 53
Solution
To pull a 90-ft stand would require
t=
90 ft
= 1 .9 min.
46.3 ft / min
Slide 50 of 53
Solution
4. The actual derrick load is given by

Eq.1.8b:
5. The maximum equivalent load is given

by Eq.1.9:
1 + E + En
Fd =
W
En
1 + 0.841+ 0.841(8)
=
(300,000)
0.841(8)
n+ 4
8+4
Fde =
W =
* 300,000
n
8
Fde = 450,000 lbf
= 382,090 lbf.
Slide 51 of 53
Slide 52 of 53
Solution
6. The derrick efficiency factor is:
Ed =
Fd 382,090
=
Fde 450,000
Ed = 0.849 or 84.9%
Slide 53 of 53

02A Drilling Rig PDF

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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411

Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B

ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

The Rotary System

The Well Control System

Rig Power System

Special Marine Equipment

Drilling Cost Analysis

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Rotary Drilling - contd

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

The Rig Count

PETE 411 Well Drilling

From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 26, 2001

PETE 411 Well Drilling

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Deep Water Development Options

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization

PETE 411 Well Drilling

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Power = Force * Velocity

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output

The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

7,539.8 (1,740) ft - lbf/min

Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in)

3.78 lbm/min (19,000Btu/lbm ) (779 ft - lbf/Btu)

Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200

PETE 411 Well Drilling

The angular velocity, , is given by

= 2 (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)

Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling

Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well

Steps in Drilling a Well

2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well

PETE 411 Well Drilling