General Knowledge

Abbreviations
Short name

Full Form

3G

Third Generation

A.A.F.

Auxiliary Air Force

A.A.S.U

All Asom Atudent Union

A.C.D.

Asian Co-operation Dialogue

A.D.B

Asian Development Bank

A.E.C.

Atomic Energy Commission

A.F.P.R.O.

Action For Food Production

A.I.C.C.

All India Congress Committee

A.I.D.S.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A.I.D.W.A.

All India Democratic Women's Association

A.I.H.B.

All India Handicrafts Board

A.I.R.

Annual Information Report

A.J.T.

Advanced Jet Trainer

A.P.E.C.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

A.R.F.

ASEAN Regional Forum

A.S.E.A.N.

Association of South-East Asian Nations

A.S.L.V.

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehivle

A.U.

African Union

A.V.E.S.

Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome

A.W.A.N.

Army Wide Area Network

A.Y.U.S.H.

Ayurveda , Yoga , Unani , Siddha and Homeopathy

B.A.R.C.

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

B.C.C.I.

Board of Control of Cricket in India

B.C.G.

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

B.C.T.T.

Bank Cash Transaction Tax

B.O.A.C.

British Overseas Airways Corporation

B.P.O.

Business Process Outsourcing

B.S.N.L.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

B.R.E.A.D.

Basic Research Education And Development

C.A.

Chartered Accountant

C.A.C.

Capital Account Convertibility

C.A.C.C.I.

Confederation cf Asia-Pacific Chambers of Commerce and Industry

C.B.M.

Confidence Building Measures

C.C.I.

Cricket Club of India

C.D.M.A.

Code Division Multiple Access

C.F.C.

Common Fund for Commodities

C.F.S.I.

Children's Film Societyof India

C.G.I.A.R.

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

C.H.O.G.M.

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

C.I.A.

Central Intelligence Agency(U.S.A.)

C.I.C.

Chief Information Commissioner

C.M.P.

Common Minimum Programme

C.N.G.

Compressed Natural Gas

C.O.F.E.P.O.S.A.

Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities

Act

C.P.I.

Corruption Perception Index

C.R.I.S.I.L.

Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd.

C.S.C.A.P.

Council for Security Co-operation in Asia Pacific

C.S.I.R.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

C.I.T.E.S.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

C.R.Y.

Child Rights and You

D.A.

Dearness Allowences

D.A.E.

Department of Atomic Energy

D.D.T.

Dichloro-diphenyl Trichloro-ethane

D.Litt.

Doctor of Literature

D.M.R.C.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation

D.O.T.S.

Directly Observed Treatment Short Course

D.R.D.O.

Defence Research and Development Organisation

D.T.A.C.

Double Taxation Avoidance Convention

E.A.S.

East Asia Summit

E.C.G.C.

Export Credit Guarantee Corporation

e.g.

exempli gratia

E.P.F.O.

Employees' Provident Fund Organisation

E.S.C.A.P.

Economic & Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

E.V.M.

Electronic Voting Machine

F.A.O.

Food and Agriculture Organisation

F.D.I.

Foreign Direct Investment

F.I.C.A.

Federation of International Cricketers Association

F.I.U.I.

Finance Intelligence Unit of India

F.E.M.A.

Foreign Exchange of India Management Act

G.A.T.T.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

G.D.P.

Gross Domestic Product

G.N.H.

Gross National Happiness

G.P.R.S.

General Packet Radio Services

G.S.O.

Geo-Stationary Orbit

Ge.S.C.I.

Global e-School and Communities Initiative

H.E.I.C.

Honourable East India Company

H.M.T.

Hindustan Machine Tools

H.U.D.C.O.

Housing and Urban Development Corporation

I.A.A.F.

International Amateur Athletic Federation

I.A.A.I.

Interantional Airport Authority of India

I.B.A.C.

International Business Advisory Council

I.B.S.A.

India , Brazil , South Africa

I.C.A.R.

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

I.C.R.C.

International Committee of the Red Cross

I.C.R.I.E.R.

Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations

I.D.A.

International Development Association

I.D.B.I.

Industrial Development Bank Of India

I.F.W.J.

Indian Federation of Working Journalists

I.G.C.A.R.

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

I.G.N.C.A.

Indira Gandhi Centre for Arts

I.L.O.

International Labour Organisation

I.M.F.

International Monetory Fund

I.M.O.

Instant Money Order

I.N.A.

Indian National Army

I.N.M.A.S.

Institute of Nuclear Medicines and Allied Sciences

I.N.S.

Indian News Paper society , Indian Naval Ship

I.N.T.U.C.

Indian National Trade Union Congress

I.P.O.

Initial Public Offer

I.S.B.

Indian School of Business

I.S.I.

Inter Services Intelligence(Pakistan)

I.S.R.O.

Indian Space Research Organisation

I.S.T.

Indian Standard Time

I.U.C.N.

International Union for Conservation of Nature

I.N.S.D.O.C.

Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre

L.L.B.

Bechelor of Laws

L.P.G.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

M.B.B.S.

Bechelor of Medicine and Bechelor of Surgery

M.C.C.

Marylebone Cricket Club

M.D.M.K.

Marumalachi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

M.F.A.L.A.

Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency

M.N.N.A.

Major Non-Nato Ally

M.R.D.A.

Mail Regulatory & Development Authority

M.E.S.S.E.N.G.E.R.

Murcury Surface , Space , Environment , Geo-chemistry and Ranging

N.A.C.O.

National Aids Control Organisation

N.A.T.O.

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

N.C. A.O.R.

National Centre for Antarctica and Ocean Research

N.C.A.

National Cricket Academy

N.C.A.

Nuclear Command Authority

N.C.S.C.

National Commission for Scheduled Castes

N.D.A.

National Damcratic Alliance

N.D.C.

National Development Council

N.D.I.C.

Natural Disaster Information System

N.D.M.A.

National Disaster Management Authority

N.E.A.

National Environment Authority

N.F.F.W.P.

National Food and Work Programme

N.K.C.

National Knowledge Commission

N.L.L.M.

National Legal Literacy Mission

N.M.C.C.

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

N.R.E.G.S.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

N.R.H.M.

National Rural Health Mission

N.S.G.

National Security Guards

O.I.G.S.

On Indian Government Service

O.N.G.C.

Oil and Natural Gas Commission

O.P.E.C.

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

O.I.L.

Oil India Limited

P.A.C.

Public Account Committee

P.F.R.D.A.

Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority

P.H.D.C.C.I.

Progress , Harmony and Development Chambers of Commerce and Industry

P.I.N.

Personal Identity Number

P.M.E.G.P.

Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme

P.P.I.

Professionals' Party of India

P.U.R.A.

Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas

P.W.G.

People War Group

P.I.N. Code

Postal Index Number Code

P.O.T.A.

Prevention of Turism Act

R.A.F.

Rapid Action Force

R.E.C.

Rural Electrification Corporation

R.G.I.P.T

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology

R.T.R.A.

Rail Tariff Regulatory Authority

S.A.F.M.A.

South Asia Free Media Association

S.A.H.R.

South Asian Human Rights Forum

S.A.R.S.

Sever Acute Resiratory Syndrome

S.A.S.E.

Self Addressed Stamped Envolop

S.A.S.S.

Sri Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti

S.C.O.

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

S.E.Z.

Special Economic Zone

S.F.C.

Strategic Forces Command

S.G.R.Y.

Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojna

S.I.M.

Subscriber Identification Module

S.M.S.

Short Message Service

S.P.A.

Seven Party Alliance

S.P.I.C.

Special Photo Identity Card

S.S.A.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

T.E.R.L.S.

Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station

T.R.I.B.

Temple Records Index Bureau

T.E.L.C.O.

Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company

U.A.P.A.

Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act

U.G.C.

University Grants Commission

U.N.D.F.

United Nations Democracy Fund

U.N.E.P.

United Nations Environment Programme

U.N.E.S.C.O.

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

U.N.F.P.A.

United Nations Fund for Populations Activities

U.N.I.C.E.F.

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

U.N.I.D.O.

United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

U.N.I.F.I.L.

United Nations Interim Force in Lebnon

U.N.M.O.V.I.C.

United Nations Monitoring , Verification and Inspection Commission

U.N.P.A.

United National Prgrssive Alliance

U.P.A.

United Progressive Alliance

V.A.A.

Vergin Atlantic Airlines

V.A.T.

Value Added Tax

V.P.P.

Value Payable Post

V.R.S.

Voluntary Retirement Scheme

V.S.S.C.

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

V.I.S.T.A.

Volunteers in Service to America

W.A.P.

Wheel and Exle Plant

W.B.E.R.

World Bank Economic Review

W.C.A.R.

World Conference Against Racism

W.C.C.B.

Wildlife Crime Control Bureau

W.C.L.

Western Coalfields Limited

W.E.F.

World Environment Forum

W.F.D.B.

World Federation of Diamond Bourses

W.H.O.

World Health Organisation

W.L.L.

Wireless in a Local Loop

W.M.D.

Weapons of Mass Distruction

W.T.O.

World Turism Organisation

W.W.F.

World Wildlife Fund

W.W.W.

World Wide Web

W.I.P.O.

World Intellectual Property Organisation

Abbreviations & Acronyms

Short Name
Short Name

Full Form or Abbreviations

Full Form or Abbreviations

3G

Third Generation

AAA

Asian Athletics Association

AAFI

The Amateur Athletics Federation of India

AC

Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner

ADB

Asian Development Bank

AFI

Athletics Federation of India

AFMC

Armed Forces Medical College

AI

Artifical Intelligence, Air India

AICTE

All India Council for Technical Education

AIFF

All India Football Federation

AIIMS

All India Institute of Medical Science

AITUC

All India Trade Union Congress

ALGOL

Algebric Oriented Language

AM

Ante Meridiem (before Noon), Amplitude Modulation

APEC

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

ARPANET

Advanced Research Project Agency Network

ASCII

American Standard Code for Informa tion Interchange

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Na tions

ASLV

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle

AT&T

American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.

ATC

Air Traffic Control

ATM

Automated Teller Machine

AVSM

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal

B2B

Busines to Business

B2C

Business to Consumer

BARC

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BBS

Bulletin Board Service

BC

Before Christ

BHEL

Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd

BIOS

Basic Input Output System

BIT

Binary Digit

BPL

Below Poverty Line

BPO

Business Process Outsourcing

BPR

Business Process Re-engineering

bps

bytes per second

BSE

Bombay Stock Exchange

BSF

Border Security Force

BSNL

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

C2C

Consumer to Consumer

CA

Chartered Accountant

CAD

Com puter Aided Design

CAT

Common Admis sion Test

CBI

Central Bureau of Investigation

CBSE

Central Board of Secondary Education

CDAC

Centre for the Development of Ad vanced

Computing

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

CEO

Chief Executive Officer

CFSL

Central Forensic Science Laboratory

CGI

Common Gateway Interface

CIA

Central Intelligence Agency

CID

Criminal Investigation Department

CISC

Complex instruction-set computing

CITU

Centre of Indian Trade Unions

CNN

Cable News Network

COMSAT

Communications Satellite Corporation

COPRA

Consumer Protection Act

CORBA

Common Object Request Broker Architecture

CPI(M)

Communist Party of India / Marxist

CPWD

Central Public Works Department

CRIS

Centre for Railway Information System

CSIR

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

CTBT

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

CYMK

Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda

D.Litt.

Doctor of Literature

D.Phil.

Doctor of Philosophy

D.Sc

Doctor of Science

DC

Direct Current

DIG

Deputy Inspector General

DMA

Direct Memory Access

DMK

Dravida Munetra Kazhagam

DNA

Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid

DTP

Desktop Publishing

DVC

Damodar Valley Corporation

DVD

Digital Versatile/Video Disc

E & OE

Errors and Omissions Excepted

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

EIS

Executive Information System

E-MAIL

Electronic Mailing

EMI

Equated Monthly Instalments

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

ENT

Ear, Nose and Throat

EOF

end of file

EOT

Eastern Daylight Time

EPABX

Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange

ERNET

Educational and Research Network

FAQ

Frequently Asked Question

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FBT

Fringe Benefit Tax

FBTR

Fast Breeder Test Reactor

FBW

Fly-By-Wire

FCI

Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer

Corporation of India

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FEMA

Foreign Exchange Management Act

FICCI

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce

and Industry

FIFA

International Football Federation (Fed eration

Internationale de Football Associa tion)

FIR

First Information Report

FM

Frequency modulation

FRCP

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians

FRCS

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons

FRCS

Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

FRS

Fellow of the Royal Society

G7

Group of Seven (US, UK, Germany, France,

Italy, japan and Canada) G8 includes G7 plus
Russia

GATE

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineer ing

GATS

General Agreement on Trade and Ser vices

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GMAT

Graduate Management Admission Test

GMT

Greenwich Mean Time

GSLV

Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Ve hicle

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communica tions

GSP

Generalised System Preference

GUI

Graphical User Interface

HAL

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HMI

Himalayan Mountaineering Institute

HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language

HUDCO

Housing and Urban Development Corp.

HVAC

Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

i.e.

id est (that is)

IAAI

International Airport Authority of India

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

IARI

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

IAS

Indian Administrative Service

IATA

International Air Transport Association

IBM

International Business Machines

ICSE

Indian Certificate of Secondary Educa tion

ICU

Intensive Care Unit

ICWA

Indian Council of World Affairs

IDA

International Development Agency

IDBI

Industrial Development Bank of India

IEEE

Institute of Electronics and Electrical

Engineers

IELTS

International English Language Testing System

IFC

Industrial Finance Corporation, International

Finance Corporation

IFS

Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service

IGNOU

Indira Gandhi National Open Uni versity

IIPA

Indian Institute of Public Administration

IISCO

Indian Iron and Steel Company

IISS

International Institute of Strategic Stud ies

IIT

Indian Institute of Technology

ILA

Indian Library Association

ILO

International Labour Organisation

IMAP

Internet Mail Access Protocol

IMF

International Monetary Fund

INA

Indian National Army

INTUC

Indian National Trade Union Con gress

IOC

Indian Oil Corporation

IP

Internet Protocol

IPC

Indian Penal Code

IPCL

Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation Ltd

IPI

International Press Institute

IPO

Initial Public Offering

IPS

Indian Police Service; Inter Press Service

IQ

Intelligence Quotient

IRC

International Red Cross

IRDP

Integrated Rural Development Programme

IRS

Indian Revenue Service

ISBN

International Standard Book Number

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISI

Indian Standards Institution; Inter Services

Intelligence

ISKCON

International Society for Krishna

Consciousness

ISO

International Standards Organisation

ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

IST

Indian Standard Time

ITBP

Indo-Tibetan Border Police

ITES

Information Technology enabled services

ITI

Indian Telephone Industries

Industrial Training Institute

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

IVF

In-Vitro Fertilisation

IVM

In-vitro Maturation

JCO

Junior Commissioned Officer

JEE

Joint Entrance Examination

JPEG

Joint Photographic Expert Group

LASER

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation

LCA

Light Combat Aircraft

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

Least Common Denominator

LCM

Lowest Common Multiple

LIC

Life Insurance Corporation (of India)

LLB

Bachelor of Laws

LMC

Large Megallanic Cloud

LTTE

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam

M.A.

Magisiter Artium (Master of Arts)

M.D

Doctor of Medicine

MBA

Master of Business Administration

MBBS

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

MCC

Marylebone Cricket Club

MCI

Medical Council of India

MICR

Magnetic ink character recognition

MIDI

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

MIPS

Million Instructions per Second

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Master

Instruction Tape

MLA

Member of Legislative Assembly

MNC

Multi-National Corporation

MODEM

modulator demodulator

MP

Member of Parliament; Madhya Pradesh

MPEG

Motion Picture Experts Group

MRCP

Member of the Royal College of Physicians

MTCR

Missile Technology Control Regime

MVC

Maha Vir Chakra

NAAC

National Assessment and Accreditation

Council
NABARD

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

Development

NAFED

National Agricultural Co-operative Marketing

Federation

NALCO

National Aluminium Company Ltd.

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Ad

ministration

NASDAQ

National Association of Securities Dealers

Automated Quotation

NASSCOM

National Association of Software and Service

Companies

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

NAV

Net Asset Value

NCERT

National Council of Educational Research and

Training

NCSA

National Centre for Supercomputing

Applications; National Computer Security
Association

NDA

National Defence Academy

NOC

No Objection Certificate

NPA

Non-performing Assets

NPT

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

NRF

National Renewal Fund

NSUI

National Students Union of India

NTPC

National Thermal Power Corporation

OBC

Other Backward Classes

OCR

Optical Character Recognition

ONGC

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

OOP

Object Oriented Programme

OPEC

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSCAR

Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio

PAN

Permanent Account Number

Ph.D.

Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophiae Doctor)

PIL

Public Interest Litigation

PIN

Postal Index Number

PSLV

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

PWD

Public Works Department;

R&D

Research and Development

RADAR

Radio Detecting and Ranging

RAM

Random Access Memory

RAW

Research & Analysis Wing

RBI

Reserve Bank of India

RDX

Research Department Explosive (Cyclotrimethylin Trinitrate)

RISC

Reduced instruction-set computing

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

ROM

Read Only Memory

RPM

Revolutions Per Minute

RTI

Right to Information

SAIL

Steel Authority of India Limited

SARS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SCSI

Small Computer Systems Interface

SEBI

Securities and Exchange Board of India

SENSEX

Sensitivity Index (of Share Price)

SEZ

Special Economic Zone

SGPC

Siromani Gurudwara Prabandak Committee

SIM

Subscriber Information Module

SLV

Satellite Launch Vehicle

SMS

Short Message Service

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

STD

Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually

Transmitted Diseases

TADA

Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention)

Act

TCP

Transfer Call Protocol

Transmission Control Protocol

TELCO

Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company

TFT

Thin-Film Transistor

TIFR

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

TISCO

Tata Iron and Steel Company

TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language

UAV

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

UGC

University Grants Commission

ULFA

United Liberation Front of Asom

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organi-sation

UNI

United News of India

UNICEF

United Nations International Children's

Emergency Fund (now, 'United Nations
Children's Fund')

UNU

United Nations University

UPA

United Progressive Alliance

UPSC

Union Public Service Commission

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

VAT

Value Added Tax

VCR

Video Cassette Recorder

VIP

Very Important Person

VIRUS

Vital Information Resources Under Siege

VRML

Virtual Reality Modelling Language

VRS

Voluntary Retirement Scheme

VSSC

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

WHO

World Health Organisation

WMO

World Meteorological Organisation

WTO

World Trade Orga-nisation

WWF

World Wildlife Fund

WWW

World Wide Web

WYSIWYG

What you see is what you get

XML

Extensible Mark-up Language

YMCA

Young Men's Christian Association

ZIP

Zone Improvement Plan

Books and Authors

Book's Name
Book's Name

Author's Name
Author's Name

A Gift of Monotheists

Ram Mohan
Roy

A Nation is Making

Surendra Nath
Bandhopadhye

A Pair of Blue Eyes

Thomash Hardy

A Passage to India

E. M. Foster

A Strange and Sublime Address

Amit
Choudhary

A Suitable Boy

Bikram Seth

A Tale of Two Cities

Charls Dikens

A Voice of Freedom

Nayantara
Shehgal

A week with Gandhi

L. Fischer

Adventures of Sherlock Homes

Arther Canon
Doel

All the Prime Minister's Men

Janardan
Thakur

Allahabad Prasasti

Harisen

Amukta Malyad

Krishna Deva
Raya

An Unknown Indian

Nirod C.
Choudhary

Anand Math

Bankim
Chandra
Chattopadhaye

Apple Cart

G. B. Shaw

Astyadhaye

Panini

Bengali Zamindar

Nilmoni
Mukherjee

Bicramanchadev

Bilhon

Blind Beauty

Boris Pasternak

Buddhacharit

Asha Ghosh

Captive Lady

Michel
Madhusudan
Dutta

Causes of the Indian Mutiny

Sir Syyed
Ahmed Khan

Chidambara

S. N. Panth

Circle of the Region

Amitabha
Ghosh

City of Job Charnak

Nisith Ranjan
Roy

Commedy Errors

Shekhspear

Coolie

Mulkraj Anand

Crisis of India

Ronal Segal

Das Capital

Karl Marks

Death of President

W. Marchent

Decamaren

Bocachio

Desert Village

Oliver

Goldsmith
Devi Chaudharani

Bankim
Chandra
Chattopadhaye

Devine Comedi

Dante

Divine Life

Sivanand

Economic History of India

Ramesh
Chandra Dutta

End and Means

Huxlay

Faust

Goethe

Ferary Queen

Edmond
Spensar

Freedom at Midnight

Lapierre &
Collins

Friend Not Master

Ayub Khan

Gathering Strom

Churchil

Ghulam Giri

Jyotiba Phule

Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches

Manohar and
Sarita
Prabhakar

Guid

R. K.
Narayanan

Gurdbaho

Bakpatiraj

Hero of Nymph

Aurobindo
Ghosh

Hind Swaraj

M. K. Gandhi

Hindu View of Life

S.
Radhakrishnan

I follow the Mahatma

K. M. Munshi

I Van Ho

Walter Scot

In an Antique Land

Amitabh Ghosh

India Divided

Rajendra
Prashad

India Wins Freedom

Abdul Kalam
Azad

Indian war and Independence

D. V. Savarkar

Indica

Megasthenis

Infinite Jest

David Foster
Wallace

Jinnah- India, Partition, Independence

Jaswant Singh

Jungle Book

R. Kippling

Kanterbary Tells

Geofray Chosar

Kidnapped

Stevenson

Kubla Khan

Coleridge

Lalit Bihar

Ashwa Ghosh

Life Devine

Aurobindo
Ghosh

Mahabhashya

Patanjali

Man and Superman

G. B. Shaw

Midnight Children

Salman Rushdi

Mother

Maxim Gorkay

Mother India

Katharin Mayo

Murder in Cathedral

Elliot

My Indian Years

Lord Hardinge
II

Myth of Independence

Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto

Neel Darpan

Dinbandhu
Mitra

Netaji Dead or Alive

Samar Guha

New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy

A. B. Vajpayee

Pakhtoon

Khan Abdul
Ghaffar Khan

Paradise Lost

John Milton

Pather Panchali

Bibhuti
BHushan
Bandopadhaye

Poverty & Un-British Rule in India

Dadabhai
Naoroji

Precepts of Jesus

Ram Mohan
Roy

Prison Diary

Jay Prakash
Narayan

Problems of the East

Lord Curzon

Rajtarangini

Kalhan

Ramcharit

S. K. Nandi

Saket

Mathili Saran
Gupta

Satyarth Prakash

Swami
Dayanand

Shadow Line

Amitabh Ghosh

Shadow of Ladakh

B. Bhattacharia

Sitaram

Bankim
Chandra
Chattopadhaye

Straight from the Heart

Kapil Dev

Tahakak - E - HInd

Albiruni

Talisman

Walter Scott

The Bandit Queen

Mala Sen

The City of Joy

Dhominic
Lapier

The Discovery of India

Jawahar Lal
Nehru

The God of Small Things

Arundhuti Roy

The Indian Struggle

Subash Chandra
Bose

The Indian War of Independence

V. D. Savarkar

The Judgement

Kuldip Nayar

The Prince

Maciavaly

The Satanic Verse

Salman Rushdi

The Science of Bharat Natyam

Saroja
Vaidyanathan

The Silent Cry

Kenjaburo Ue

The Spirit of Islam

Syyed Amir Ali

The White Tiger

Aravind Adiga

Theory of Relativity

Alexander
Doma

Three Marketiars

Einstein

To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism?

J. P. Narayan

Two Leaves and a Bud

Mulkraj Anand

Unhappy India

L. Roy

Urbashi

R. D. Dinkar

Utopia

Thomas Moor

Vision of the Past

Michel
Madhusudan
Dutta

Volga Se Ganga

Rahul
Sankritayan

War and Peace

Tolstoy

What Congress and Gandhi have done to the

B. R. Ambedkar
untouchables
Books & Authors

A House for Mr.Biswas

V.S. Naipal

Parineeta

Sharat Chandra
Chattopadhyay

Shrikant

Sharat Chandra
Chattopadhyay

6th December 1992

P.V. Narasimha
Rao

A bend in the River

V.S. Naipal

A Million Multinies Now

V.S. Naipal

A Mission In Kashmir

Andrew
Whitehead

A new deal for Asia

Mahathir
Mohammad

A pair of blue eyes

Thomas Hardy

A Passage of India

E.M. Forster

A Voice of Freedom

Nayantara
Sehgal

Aansoo

Jai Shankar
Prasad

Abhigyan Shakuntalam

Kalidas

Across Black Waters

Mulk Raj
Anand

Affluent Society

J.K. Galbraith

Agni Veena

Kazi Nazurul
Islam

Ain-e-Akbari

Abul Fazal

Ajatshatru

Jai Shanker
Prasad

Akabarnama

Abul Fazal

Alice in Wonderland

Lewis Carrol

Amar Singh

Amar Singh

Amrit Aur Vish

Amrit Lal
Nagar

An EquaL Music

Vikram Seth

Anamika, Parimal, Gunjan, Jusi ki kali

Suryaknt
Tripathi Nirala

Anna Karenina

Tolstoy

Area of Darkness

V.S. Naipal

Arthashastra

Kautilya

Ashtadhyayi

Panini

Asian Drama

Gunnar Myrdal

August Coup

Mikhail S.
Gorbachov

Avanti Sundari

Dandi

Ayodhya

P.V. Narasimha
Rao

Between the Lines

Kuldeep
Nayyar

Bhagwad Gita

Veda Vyas

Bharat Bharti

Maithili Saran
Gupta

Bharat Durdasha

Bhartendu
Harischandra

Bihari Satsai

Bihari

Bijak

Kabirdas

Bliss was it in that down

Minoo Masani

Blood Brothers

M.J. Akbar

Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life

J.M. Coetzee

Bradman's Best

Rolland Perry

Broken Wing

Sarojini Naidu

Buddha Charitam

Ashwaghosh

Chand Ka Munh Tedha Hai

Gajanan
Madhav

Chandalika

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

Chandrakanta Santati

Devkinandan
Khatri

Charitraheen

Sarat Chandra
Chatterjee

Chidambara

Sumitranandan
Pant

Chitralekha

Bhagwati
Charan Verma

Chitrangada,

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

Chittrappavai

P.V. Akilandam

Confession of a lover

Mulk Raj
Anand

Coolie

Mulk Raj
Anand

Cosmic Reality

Lajja Ram

Curfewed Night

Basarrat Peer

Das Capital

Karl Marx

Dashkumaracharitam

Dandi

Daybhag

Jeemootwahan

Death

Kaka Saheb
Kalelkar

Death of a City

Amrita Pritam

Decline and Fall of Roman Empire

Gibbon

Descent of Man

Charles Darwin

Devdas, Charitraheen

Sharat Chandra
Chattopadhyay

Devi-The Bendit Queen

Richard Shears
and Isoble Gidli

Discovery of India

Jaeahar Lal
Nehru

Disgrace

J.M. Coetzee

Distant Neighbours; India

Kuldeep
Nayyar

Divine Comedy

Dante

Divine Life

Swami
Shivanand

Elizabeth Castello: Eight Lessons

J.M. Coetzee

End of the Era

C.S. Pandit

Envisioning an Empowered Nation

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul

Kalam

Eternal India

Mrs. Indira
Gandhi

Experiment with Untruth

Michael
Anderson

Fasting, Feasting

Anita Desai

Fireproof

Raj Kamal Jha

Forty nine Days

Amrita Pritam

Freedom from Fear

Aung San Suu

Kyi

From Ganges to the Mediterranean

Dr. Vidhya

Niwas Misra
Fury

Salman Rashdie

Gaban

Munsi
PremChand

Geet Govind

Jayadev

Gitanjali

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

Glimpses of India

Humayun Kabir

Glimpses of World History

Jawahar Lal
Nehru

Godan

Munsi
PremChand

God's Little Soldier

Kiran Nagarkar

Golden Threshold

Sarojini Naidu

Golden Threshold

Sarojini Naidu

Gora

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

Guide

R. K.
Narayanan

Gulag Archipelago

Alexander
Solzhenitsyn

Gurusagaran

O.P. Vijayan

Harry Potter and Deathly Hallows

J.K. Rowling

Harsha Charit

Bana Bhatta

Hindu view of Life

Dr. S.
Radhakrishnan

Hinduism, Autobiography of an Unknown

Indian, A Passage to England, Culture in the
Vanity Bag, Continent of Crime

Nirad C.
Chaudhury

History of Western Philosophy

B. Russel

Human Knowledge

B. Russel

Humanyunama

Gulbadan
Beghum

Hungry Stones

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

I Follow the Mahatma

K.M. Munshi

If I am Assassinated

Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto

Ignited Minds

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul

Kalam

Illiad

Homer

In the Line of Fire : A Memoir

Parvez
Musharraf

Indai after Nehru

Kuldeep
Nayyar

India Wins Freedom

Abul Kalam
Azad

Indian Philosophy

Dr. S.
Radhakrishnan

Indian Summers

John Wright

Indian war of Independence

V.D. Savarkar

India's Century

Kamalnath

India's New Middle Class

Leela Fernandis

Indira Gandhi

Inder Malhotra

Indira Gandhi

Pupul Jaykar

Indira Gandhi Returns

Khushwant
Singh

Indira Gandhi; Badhate Kadam

Khushwant
Singh

Innocent in Death

J.D. Robb

Inspite of the Gods

Edward Luis

Interpreter of Maladies

Jhumpa Lahiri

Jhansi Ki Rani

Vrindavanal

Jhootha Sach

Yashpal

Jobs for Millions

V.V. Giri

Jyoti Punj

Narendra Modi

Jyotsana,

Sumitranandan
Pant

Kadambari

Bana Bhatt

Kagaz te Canvas

Amrita Pritam

Kama Sutra

Vigyaneshwar

Kamayani

Jai Shanker
Prasad

Kargil : From Surprise To Victory

V.P. Malik

Karmabhumi

Munsi
PremChand

Kaya Kalp

Munshi Prem
Chand

Khizr Tiwana

Dr. Ian Talbot

Kitab-ul-Hind

Al-Beruni

Kitni Nawon Mein Kitenee Bar, Aangan Ke

paar, Dwar, Shekhar: Ek Jivani, Nadi Ke
S.H. Vatsyayan
Dweep
Kumarsambhavam

Kalidasa

Kurukshera, Urvashi

Ramdhari Singh
Dinkar

Last Days of Netaji

G.D. Khosla

Lenin in Zurich

Alexander
Solzhenitsyn

Les Miserables

Victor Hugo

Let Us Kill Gandhi

Tushar A.
Gandhi

Life Divine Essays on Gita

Sri Aurobindo
Ghosh

Life of Pi

Yann Martel

Living History

Hillary Clinton

Magic Seeds

V.S. Naipal

Mahabharat

Veda Vyas

Maila Aanchal, Mare Gaye Gulfam

Phanishwar
Nath

Malgudi Days

R. K.
Narayanan

Malti Madhav

Havabhuti

Meghdootam

Kalidasa

Mein Kempf

Hitler

Mitakshara

Vatsyayana

Mohan Das

Rajmohan
Gandhi

Mrichhakatikam

Shudrak

Mrityunjaya

Birendra Kumar
Bhattacharya

Mudra Rakshas

Vishakhadatta

Murder in the Cathedral

Eliot, T.S.

My Childhood Days

Taslima
Nasreen

My Country My Life

L.K. Advani

My Days

R. K.
Narayanan

My Days

R. K. Narayan

My Experiments with Truth

Mahatma
Gandhi

My Life

Bill Clinton

My Music My Life

Pt. Ravi
Shankar

My own Boswell

M.
Hidayatullah

My President Years

R.
Venkataraman

Naganand

King Shri
Harsha

Neeti Shatak

Bharthari

Nehru and his Vision

Dr. K.R.
Narayanan

Odyssey

Homer

Oil

Jack Anderson

One day Cricket

Ashish Rai

Origin of Species

Charles Darwin

Padmavat

Malik
Mohammed
Jayasi

Panchatanra

Pt. Vishnu
Sharma

Panchtantra

Vishnu Sharma

Paradise Lost

John Milton

Peeling The Onion

Gunter Grass

Pratham Aalo

Sunil
Gangoupadhyay
a

Prem Pathic

Jai Shanker
Prasad

Prem Vatika

Raskhan

Raghuvansha

Kalidas

Rajtarangini

Kalhana

Ram Charit Manas

Tulsi Das

Ramayana

Valmiki

Ramayani

Kabirdas

Rangbhumi

Munsi
PremChand

Revenge and Reconciliation

Raj Mohan

Gandhi
Romance With Life

Dev Anand

Sabar

Kabirdas

Sahityalahri, Sursagar

Surdas

Saket

Maithili Saran
Gupta

Sakharam Binder

Vijay Tendulkar

Satanic Verses

Salman Rashdie

Satwan Lok

P.L. Gautam

Satya Harischandra

Bhartendu
Harischandra

Sea of Poppies

Amitav Ghosh

Shah Nama

Firdausi

Shahnama

Firdausi

Shringar Shatak

Bhartihari

Skandagupta

Jai Shanker
Prasad

Small Island

Andrea Levy

Social Contract

Rousseau

Soul Mountain

Gao Xingjian

Speed Post

Shobha De

Steps Across the Line

Salman Rashdie

Straight From The Heart

Kapil Deo

Sunita

Jainendra
Kumar

Superstar India

Shobha De

Swami and Friends

R. K.
Narayanan

The Argumentative Indian

Dr. Amartya
Sen

The City of Joy

Dominique
Lapierre

The Company of woman

Khushwant
Singh

The Critical Years; In Jail

Kuldeep
Nayyar

The Darkroom

R. K.
Narayanan

The Enchantress of Florence

Salman Rashdie

The God of small Things

Arundhati Roy

The Greater Common Good

Arundhati Roy

The Ground Beneath her Feet

Salman Rashdie

The Indian Challenge

Ashish Rai

The Judgment

Kuldeep
Nayyar

The Light that Failed

Rudyard
Kipling

The Line Of Beauty

Alan
Hollinghurst

The Martyr

Kuldeep
Nayyar

The Politics of Change

N.K. Singh

The Sea

John Banville

The Supreme Friend

Kaka Saheb
Kalelkar

The Tin Drum

Guenter Grass

The Train To Pakistan

Khushwant
Singh

The True History of the Kelly Gang

Peter Carey

The White Tiger

Arvind Adiga

To a Hunger free World

Dr. M.S.
Swaminathan

Two leaves and a bud

Mulk Raj
Anand

Two Lives

Vikram Seth

Tyagpatra

Jainendra
Kumar

Untold Story, Confronation with Pakistan

B.M Kaul

Vairagya Shatak

Bhartihari

Vernon God Little

DBC Pierre

Vinay Patrika

Tulsi Das

Visarjana

Rabindra Nath
Tagore

Wake up India

Annie Besant

War and Peace

Tolstoy

War of Indian Independence

Vir Savarkar

Waste Land

Eliot, T.S.

Wings of Fire

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul

Kalam

Yama, Niharika, Neeraja

Mahadevi
Verma

Yashodhara

Maithili Saran
Gupta

Yugwani

Sumitranandan
Pant

Conversion of Units
1 Acre

104 sq. meter

1 Angstrom

10-10 meter

1 Chain

20.11 meter

1 Cubic feet

0.028 cubic
meter

1 Cubic inch

16.38 cubic
centimeter

1 Cubic yard

0.7quebec
meter

1 dram

1.77 gm

1 dyne

10-5 Newton

1 erg

10-7 Joule

1 Fathom

1.8 meter

1 fathom

6 feet

1 Feet

0.3 meter

1 feet

12 inch

1 grain

64.8 Miligram

1 horse power

747 Watt

1 Inch

2.54 centimeter

1 Litre

1000cubic
centimeter

1 Mile

1.60 kilometer

1 mile

8 furlong

1 mile

5280 feet

1 Nautical mile

1.85 meter

1 nautical mile

6080 feet

1 ounce

28.35 Kilogram

1 Pint

0.56 litre

1 pound

0.4537
Kilogram

1 Poundal

0.1383 Newton

1 Square feet

0.09 square
meter

1 Square inch

6.45 sq.
centimeter

1 Square mile

2.58
sq.kilometer

1 Square yard

0.83square
meter

1 Yard

0.91 meter

1 yard

3 feet

320 Fahrenheit

0 Centigrade

370 Centigrade

98.60
Fahrenheit

-400 Fahrenheit

-400 Centigrade

500 Centigrade

122 Fahrenheit

Inventions and Discoveries

Inventions/Discoveries
Adding Machine

Pascal

Aeroplane

Wright brothers

America

Christopher
Columbus

Ball

C. Biro

Balloon

Jacques and
Joseph
Montgolfier

Barometer

E. Torricelli

Bicycle

K. Macmillan

Bicycle Tyre

J.B. Dunlop

Calculating Machine

Pascal

Centrigrade Scale

A.Celsius

Cine Camera

Friese-Greene

Cinema

A.L. and J.L.

Lumiere

Cinematograph

Thomas Alva
Edison

Clock (Machanical)

Hsing and Ling

Clock (Pendulum)

C. Hugyens

Computer

Charles
Babbage

Diesel engine

Rudolf diesel

Dynamite

Alfred Nobel

Dynamo

Michael
Faraday

Electric Iron

H.W. Seeley

Electric lamp

Thomas Alva
Edison

Electric Washing Machine

Hulxey
Machine
company

Electromagnet

W. sturgeon

Electron

J.J. Thompson

Engine(railway)

Stephenson

Everest(conquered)

Tabie, Junko

Evolution (theory)

Charles Darwin

Film (with sound)

Dr. Lee de
forest

Fountain Pen

L. E. Waterman

Gas Lighting

William
Murdoch

Gramophone

T.A . Edison

Helicopter

Etienne
Ochmichen

Incandescent Bulb

Edison

Jet Engine

Sir Frank
whittle

Law of Gravitation

Newton

Lift

E.G. Otis

Locomotive

Richard
Trevithick

Locomotive power of Steam

James Watt

Machine Gun

Richard Gatling

Match (Safety)

J.E. Lurdstrom

Microphone

David Hughes

Microscope

Z. Jansen

Motor Car (Petrol)

Karl

Motorcycle

Edward Butler

Neon -Lump

G. Claude

North Pole(Explored)

Robert Peary

Nylon

Dr W.H.
Carothers

Photography

L. Daguerre

Photography (Paper)

W.H. Fox
Tablot

Photography(coloured)

Gabriel
Lippman

Photography(roll film)

George
Eastman

Pneumatic Tyres

Dunlop

Power-loom

Cartwright

Printing for the blind

Louis Braille

Printing Press

J. Gutenberg

Rader

Dr A.H. Taylor
and L.C. young

Radio

G. Marconi

Radium

Marie and
Pierre Curie

Rayon

American
viscose Co.

Razor (electric)

Col. J. Schick

Razor (Safety)

K.G. Gillette

Refrigerator

J . Harrison and
A. Catlin

Revolver

Samuel Colt

Rubber (Vulcanized)

Charles Good
year

Rubber (Waterproof)

Charles
Macintosh

Safety Lamp

Sir Humphrey

Safety pin

William Hurst

Scooter

G. Bradshaw

Sewing Machine

B.
Thimmonnier

Ship (Steam)

J.C. Perier

Ship (Tturbine)

Sir Charles
parsons

Shorthand (Modem)

Sir Issac Pitman

Solar System

Copernicus

South Pole(Explored)

Amundsen

Spinning jenny

James
Hargreaves

Sputniks

Russian
Scientists

Stainless steel

Harry Brearley

Steam engine ( Condenser)

James Watt

Steam engine (Piston)

Thomas
Newcome

Steel production

Henry
Bessemer

Submarine

David Bushnell

Tank

Sir Ernest
Swington

Telegraph code

Samuel F.B.
Morse

Telephone

Alexander
Graham Bell

Telescope

Hans
Lippershey

Television

John Logie
Baird

Terylene

j. Whinfield and
H. Dickson

Theory of Evolution

Charles Darwin

Theory of Realitivity

A. Einstein

Thermometer

Galileo Galilei

Tractor

j. Froelich

Transistor

Bardeen,
Shockley

Typewriter

C. Sholes

Vaccination(small pox)

Edward Jenner

Valve of radio

Sir J.A.

Watch

A.L. Breguet

Wireless(radio)

G. Marconi

X-ray

Wilhelm

Roentgen
Zip fastener

W.L. Judson

Scientific Instruments and their Purpose

Scientific
Instruments

Purpose

Altimeter

measure altitudes (Used in

aircraft)

Ammeter

measure strength of electric

current

Anemometer

measure force and velocity or

wind and directions

Audiometer

measure intensity of sound

Balometer

Measures heat radiation

Barograph

record continuously the

atmospheric pressure

Barometer

measure atmospheric pressure

Binoculars

view distant objects

Bolometer

measure heat radiation

Callipers

measure inner and outer

diameters of bodies

Calorimeter

measure quantities of heat

Cardiogram(ECG)

trace movements of the heart ;

recorded on a Cardiograph

Cathetometer

determine heights,
measurement of levels, etc, in
scientific experiments

Chronometer

determine longitude of a vessel

at sea

Colorimeter

compare intensity of colours

Commutator

change / reverse the direction

of electric current; Also used to
convert AC into DC

Cryometer

measure very low temperatures,

usually close to 0 C

Dilatometer

measure changed in volume of

substances

Dyanamo

convert mechanical energy into

electrical energy

Dynamometer

measure electrical power

Electroencephalograph (EEC)

Records and interprets the

electrical waves of the brain
recorded on
electroencephalograms

Electroencephalograph (EEC)

record and interprets the

electrical waves of the

Electrometer

measure very small but

potential difference in electric
currents

Electroscope

detect presence of an electric

Charge

Eletromicroscope

obtain a magnifying view of

very small objects capable of
magnifying up to 20,000 times

Endoscope

examine internal parts of the

body

Fathometer

measure depth of the flux

Fluxmeter

measure magnetic flux

Galvanometer

measure electric current

Hydrometer

measure the relative density of

liquids

Hydrophone

measure sound under water

Hygrometer

measure level of humidity

Hygroscope

show the changes in

atmospheric humidity

Hymograph

record graphically
physiological movement. (e.g.

Hypsometer

determine boiling point of

liquids

Lactometer

measure the relative density of

milk to determine purity

Machmeter

determine the speed of an

aircraft in terms if the speed of
sound

Magnometer

compare magnetic movement

and fields

Manometer

measure the pressure of gases

Micrometer

convert sound waves into

electrical vibrations

Microphone

measure distances /angles

Microscope

obtain a magnified view of

small objects

Nephetometer

measure the scattering of light

by particles suspended in a
liquid

Ohmmeter

measures electrical resistance

in objects

Ondometer

measure the frequency if

electromagnetic waves,
especially in the radiofrequency band

Periscope

view objects above sea level

(Used in submarines)

Photometer

compare the luminous intensity

of the source of light

Polygraph

record change in physiological

processes such as heartbeat,
blood pressure.

Pyknometer

determine the density and

coefficient of expansion of
liquids

Pyrometer

measure very high temperature

Pytheliometer

Measures components of solar

radiation

Quadrant

measure altitudes and angles in

navigation and astronomy

Radar

detect the direction and ranges

of an approaching aeroplane by
means of radiowaves, ( Radio,
Angle ,Detection and Range )

Radio Micrometer

measure heat radiation

Refractometer

measure salinity of solutions

Resistance Thermometer

An accurate type of
thermometer in which
temperature is measured by
determining the electrical
resistance of a coil of thin wire

Salinometer

Determines salinity of solutions

Sextant

by navigators to find the

latitude of place by measuring
the elevation above the horizon
of the sun or another star; also
used to measure the height of
very distant objects

Spectrometer

measure the position of spectral

lines (Measure of Refractive
indices)

Spherometer

measure curvature of spherical

objects

Sphygmomanometer

Measures blood pressure

Stroboscope

To view rapidly moving

objective

Tacheometer

Used to measure distances,

elevations and bearings during
survey

Tachometer

determine speed, especially the

rotational speed of a shaft
(Used in aeroplanes and motorboats)

Tangent galvanometer

measure the strength of direct

current

Telemeter

record physical happenings at a

distant place

Teleprinter

receive and send typed

messages from one place to
another

Telescope

view distant objects in space

Theodolite

Measures horizontal and

vertical angles

Thermometer

measure Temperature

Thermostat

regulate temperature at a
particular point

Tonometer

measure the pitch of a sound

Transponder

receive a signal and transmit a

reply immediately

Udometer

gauge rain.

Ultrasonoscope

measure and use ultrasonic

sound (beyond hearing use to
make a Ecogram to detect brain
tumours, heart defects and
abnormal growth

Venturimeter

measure the rate of flow of

liquids

Vernier

measure Small sub-division of

scale

Viscometer

measure the viscosity of liquid

Voltmeter

measure electric potential

difference between two points

Wattmeter

measure the power of an

electric circuit

Wavemeter

measure the wavelength of a

radiowave