SAN SEBASTIAN COLLEGE OF LAW

LABOR STANDARDS SYLLABUS

1st Semester, SY 2014-2015
Professor Charisma I. Nolasco

I.

GENERAL CONCEPTS
A. Definition
a. Labor
b. Labor Law
c. Labor Standards v. Labor Relations
d. Social Legislation
B. Sources
a. 1987 Constitution
Art. II, Secs. 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 20
Art. III, Secs. 1, 4, 8
Art. XIII, Secs. 1-2, 3, 14
b. Statutes and Jurisprudence
c. Company practice
Read: Eastern Telecommunications Phils., Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms Employees Union,
G.R. No. 185665, February 08, 2012
Vergara, Jr. v. Coca Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 185665, February 8, 2012
d. Contracts
C. Social Justice
a. Definition
b. Application
Read: Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-80609,
August 23, 1998, 164 SCRA 671
Manila Water Company v. del Rosario, G.R. No. 188747, January 29, 2014
D. Employer-employee Relationship
a. Four-fold test applied
Read: Tesoro v. Metro Manila Retreaders, Inc., G.R. No. 171482, March 12, 2014
Atok Big Wedge Company, Inc. v. Gison , G.R. No. 16095, August 8, 2011
Coca Cola Bottlers (Phils.) Inc. v. Climaco, G.R. No. 146881, February 5, 2007

Orozco v. CA, G.R. No. 155207, August 13, 2008

b. Economic reality/dependence test

Read: Francisco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, August 31, 2006, 500 SCRA 690
c. Who determines employer-employee relationship
Read: Peoples Broadcasting v. Sec. of Department of Labor, G.R. No. 179652,
March 6, 2012

E. Management Prerogative
a. Definition/Basis
Read: San Miguel Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 146121-22, April 16, 2008, 551 SCRA
410
b. Generally not subject to judicial interference
Read: Areno, Jr. v. Skycable PCC-Baguio, G.R. No. 180302, Feb. 5, 2010, 611 SCRA 721
EXCEPTION: Coca-Cola Export Corp. v. Gacayan, G.R. No. 149433, December 15, 2010

c.

Exercise in good faith

Read: Pantoja v. SCA Hygiene Products, G.R. No. 163554, April 23, 2010, 619 SCRA 216
Ymbong v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 184885, March 7, 2012

d.

Transfer; Promotion (demotion)

Read: Tinio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 171764, June 8, 2007
Endico v. Quantum Foods Distribution Center, G.R. No. January 30, 2009
Julies Bakeshop v. Arnaiz, G.R. No. 173882, February 15, 2012

F. Employment Restriction
a. Prohibition against competitive employment
Read: Rivera v. Solidbank Corporation, G.R. No. 163269, April 19, 2006, 487 SCRA 512
b. Prohibition on marriage; Bona fide occupational qualification exception
Read: Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO v. Glaxo Wellcome, G.R. No. 162994,
September 17, 2004
Star Paper Corporation v. Simbol, G.R. No. 164774, April 12, 2006
PT&T v. NLRC, G.R. No. 118978, May 23, 1997

G. Quitclaims and Compromise Agreements

a. Contents of a valid quitclaim/waiver
Read: EDI-Staffbuilders Intl, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 145587, Oct 26, 2007
b. Valid and binding agreement
Read: Goodrich Manufacturing v. Ativo, G.R. No. 188002, February 1, 2010
Poseidon Intl Maritime Services v. Tamala, G.R. No. 186475, June 26, 2013

II.

THE LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (P.D. 442, as amended)

A. Preliminary Title, Chapter I, Arts. 1-6
i. Construction in favor of labor
Read: Dealco Farms v. NLRC, G.R. No. 153192, January 30, 2009
ii. Scope/Application
Read: SEAFDEC v. NLRC, G.R. No. 86773, February 14, 1992
International Catholic Immigration Commission v. Calleja, G.R. No. 85750,
September 28, 1990
Light Rail Transit Authority, G.R. No. 163782, March 24, 2006
Paloma v. PAL, G.R. No. 148415, July 14, 2008
B. Book One, Title 1, Chapter I, Arts. 13, 14, 18, 21, 22
C. Book One, Title I, Chapter II, Arts. 25, 26, 27, 28-35
D. Book One, Title I, Chapter III, Arts. 36-38
i. Illegal recruitment
a. Definition
b. Prohibited Acts
Read: R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022
Sto. Tomas v. Salac, G.R. No. 152642, November 13, 2012
c. Elements
d. Illegal recruitment in large scale or by a syndicate
e. Illegal recruitment and estafa
Read: People v. Panis, G.R. No. L-58674, July 11, 1990 (142 SCRA 664)
People v. Gallo, G.R. No. 187730, June 29, 2010

People v. Daud, G.R. No. 197539, June 2, 2014

f. Powers of the Secretary of Labor

Read: Salazar v. Achacoso, G.R. No. 81510, March 14, 1990 (183 SCRA 145)
g. Migrant workers/OFW
i. Commencement of employer-employee relationship
Read: Stolt-Nielsen v. Mediguillo, G.R. No. 177498, January 18, 2012
ii. Termination of contract of employment
Read: APQ Shipmanagement v. Caseas, G.R. No. 197303, June 4, 2014
iii. Section 10, R.A. 8042
Read: Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Svcs., Inc., G.R. No. 167614, March 24, 2009
PERT/CPM Manpower Exponent Co., Inc. v. Vinuya, G.R. No. 197528,
September 5, 2012
Ace Navigation Co., Inc. v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 197309, October 10, 2012
iv. Liability of principal/agent; theory of imputed knowledge

Read: ATCI Overseas Corporation v. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, October 11, 2010
Becmen Service Exporter and Promotions, Inc. v. Sps. Cuaresma, G.R.
Nos. 182978-79, April 27, 2009
Sunace International Manpower Services v. NLRC, G.R. No. 161757,
January 25, 2006
E. Book One, Title II, Arts. 39-42
F. Book, Two, Title II, Chapters I-III
1.

Definition
a. Apprentice, Apprenticeship Agreement, Apprenticeship Occupation
b. Learners
c. Handicapped workers
Read: R.A. No. 7796 (TESDA Law), sec. 4
R.A. No. 7277 (Magna Carta for Persons with Disability), secs. 4, 5, 7, 32
R.A. No. 7610, sec. 12 (as amended by R.A. No. 9231)

2. Requirements/Effect of an invalid agreement

Read: Century Canning v. CA, G.R. No. 152894, August 17, 2007
Atlanta Industries , Inc. v. Sebolino, G.R. No. 187320, January 26, 2011

3. Disabled persons attaining regular status

Read: Bernardo v. NLRC, 310 SCRA 186
G. Book Three (Conditions of Employment)
1. Title I, Chapter I, Arts. 82-90
a. Coverage (Art. 82)
i. Managerial employees v. Managerial Staff/Supervisors
Read: Title I, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(b) and (c), Omnibus Rules of the
Labor Code
a. Test of managerial/supervisory status
Read: Pearanda v.Baganga Plywood Corp., G.R. No. 159577, May 3, 2006
Clientlogic Philippines, Inc. v. Castro, G.R. No. 186070, April 11, 2011
ii. Field Personnel
Read: Title I, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(f), Omnibus Rules
a. Driver/conductor
Read: Autobus Transport v. Bautista, G.R. No. 156367, May 16, 2005
(See: DOLE Department Order No. 118-12)
b. Actual hours of work cannot be determined with reasonable certainty
Read: Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 112574, October 8, 1998

iii. Family members

iv. Domestic servants/Persons in the personal service of another
Read: Title I, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(d);Rule XIII, Section 1(b), Omnibus Rules
Sec. 4(c),(d),(e),(f); 22-23, R.A. No. 10361
Remington Industrial v. Castaeda, G.R. No. 169295-96, Nov. 20, 2006
v. Workers paid by results
Read: Sec. 8, Title I, Rule VII, Book III, Omnibus Rules
a. Categories
Read: Lambo v. NLRC, G.R. No. 111042, October 26, 1999
b. Hours worked (Art. 84, Labor Code; Sec. 3, DOLE D.O. No. 118-12)

i. Principles in determining hours worked

Read: Secs. 3-4, Title I, Rule I, Book III, Omnibus Rules
ii. Engaged to wait rule/ idle time
Read: Sec. 5(a), Rule I, Book III, Rules
Luzon Stevedoring Co. v. Luzon Marine Department Union, G.R. No. L9265, April 29, 1957.
National Development Co. v. CIR, G.R. No. L-15422, November 30, 1962,
6 SCRA 763
iii. On call
Read: Sec. 5(b), Rule I, Book III, Omnibus Rules
Sime Darby Pilipinas, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 119205, April 15, 1998
Coca-Cola Bottlers, Inc. v. Climaco, G.R. No. 146881, February 5, 2007
Opulencia Ice Plant & Storage v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-98368, Dec. 15, 1993
iv. Assembly time
Read: Arica v. NLRC, G.R. No. 78210, February 28, 1989
v. Commuting time, travel time at lectures, seminars, etc.
Read: Sec. 6, Rule I, Book III, Rules
vi. Semestral break
Read: University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. University of Pangasinan,
G.R. No. L-63122, 127 SCRA 691
vii. Power interruptions/brownout
Read: DOLE Policy Instruction No. 36
Durabuilt Recapping Plant v. NLRC, G.R. No. 76746, July 27, 1987
viii. Exceptions to 8-hour rule (Art. 89)
ix. Compressed work week
Read: DOLE Advisory No. 02, December 2, 2004
Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 151309, Oct. 15, 2008
x. Flexible schedule for solo parents
Read: Secs. 3(a), 3(e) and 6, R.A. No. 8972

xi. Meal break, Coffee break (Art. 85)

Read: Sec. 7, Rule I, Book III, Omnibus Rules
PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 132805, February 2, 1999
xii. Rest period
Read: Sec. 7, Rule I, Book III, Omnibus Rules
Secs. 2(c) and 3, DOLE D.O. No. 118-12
Secs. 20-21, R.A. No. 10361
xiii. Overtime (Art. 87)
a. Teachers
Read: PAL Employees Savings and Loan Asso. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 105963,
August 22, 1996
b. Seafarers
Read: Legahi v. NLRC, G.R. No. 122240, November 18, 1999
d. Evidence/Required proof
Read: Pigcaulan v. Security & Credit Inv., G.R. No. 173648, Jan 16, 2012
xiv. Undertime
xv. Night work (Art. 86, Labor Code; R.A. No. 10151; DOLE D.O. No. 119-12)
a. Rationale
Read: Association of International Shipping Lines, Inc. v. United Harbors Pilot
Association, G.R. No. 172029, August 6, 2008
b. Seafarers
Read: Dacut v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 169434, March 28, 2008, 550 SCRA
260

xvi. No offsetting rule (Art. 88)

2. Chapter II, Arts. 91-96

a. Rest day (Art. 91)
b. Compulsory work on rest day (Arts. 92, 93)
c. Regular holiday v. special holiday (Art. 94)

Read: E.O. No. 203, R.A. No. 9177, R.A. No. 9256, R.A. No. 9492, R.A. No. 9849,
Proclamation No. 459, s. 2012
a. Rationale/Entitlement; Two regular holidays on one day
Read: Asian Transmission Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 144644, March 15, 2004
b. Teachers paid by the hour
Read: Jose Rizal College v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-65482, 156 SCRA 27
c. Muslim holidays
Read: San Miguel Corporation v. CA, G.R. No. 146775, 375 SCRA 311
d. Service Incentive Leave (Art. 95); Vacation and sick leave
i. When demandable; Commutation
Read: Fernandez v. NLRC, G.R. No. 105892, January 28, 1998
ii. At least one year of service; Reckoning period
Read: JPL Mktg. Promotions v. CA, G.R. No. 151966, July 8, 2005, 463 SCRA 136
Fernandez v. NLRC, G.R. No. 105892, January 28, 1998
e. Special Leaves
Read: R.A. No. 8972 (Solo Parent Act), sec. 8
R.A. No. 9262 (VAWC), sec. 43
R.A. No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women), sec. 18
f. Service Charges; Tips (Art. 96; Secs. 1-5, Rule IV, Book III, Rules)
i. Tips, defined
Read: Ace Navigation Co. v. CA, G.R. No. 140364, Aug. 15, 2000, 338 SCRA 70
ii. When not entitled
Read: Maranaw Hotels v. NLRC, G.R. No. 123880, Feb. 23, 1999, 303 SCRA 540
g. 13th Month Pay
Read: P.D. No. 851 (13th Month Pay Law)
i. Employees not entitled

Read: House of Sara Lee v. Rey, G.R. No. 149013, August 31, 2006
Petroleum Shipping Limited v. NLRC, G.R. No. 148130, June 16, 2006
ii. Basis for computation
Read: Honda Phils. v. Samahan ng Malalayang Manggagawa sa Honda, 460
SCRA 186
iii. Bonus
Read: United CMC Textile Workers Union v. Valenzuela, 149 SCRA 424
Producers Bank v. NLRC, 355 SCRA 489

3. Chapter III, Arts. 97-96; Title II, Arts. 97-105, 110-119, 123-129
a. No work, no pay
Read: Escario v. NLRC, G.R. No. 160302, October 10, 2010
b. Wages/Salary, Facilities, Supplement
Read: DOLE Department Order No. 118-12, series of 2012 (January 13, 2012)
Labor Advisory on Payment of Salaries thru ATM, November 25, 1996
SLL International Cables Specialist v. NLRC, G.R. No. 172161, Mar. 2, 2011
Millares v. NLRC, G.R. No. 122827, March 29, 1999, 305 SCRA 500
Mayon Hotel v. Adana, G.R. No. 157634, May 16, 2005
i. Bonus included/not included; a demandable obligation
Read: Metro Transit Organizations, Inc. v. NLRC, 245 SCRA 767
Eastern Telecoms Philippines, Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms Employees
Union, G.R. No. 185665, February 8, 2012
ii. Sales commissions
Read: Philippine Duplicators, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 110068, 241 SCRA 380
iii. Meal coupons
Read: States Marine Corp. v. Cebu Seamens Asso. Inc., G.R. No. L-12444,
February 28, 1963, 7 SCRA 294
c. Equal pay for work of equal value
Read: International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845,
June 1, 2000, 333 SCRA 13

d. Withholding of wages
Read: SHS Perforated Materials v. Diaz, G.R. No. 185814, October 13, 2010
e. Direct payment principle
f. Non-diminution of benefits principle
Read: Central Azucarera de Tarlac v. Central Azucarera de Tarlac Labor UnionNLU, G.R. No. G.R. No. 188949, July 26, 2010
Wesleyan University v. Wesleyan Univ-Faculty and Staff Asso., G.R. No.
181806, March 12, 2014
g. Preferential right in case of bankruptcy
Read: DBP v. NLRC, G.R. No s. 100264-81, January 29, 1993
h. Attorneys Fees
i. Wage Order
j. Wage distortion
Read: Prubankers Association v. Prudential Bank & Trust Company, G.R. No. G.R.
No. 131247, January 25, 1999
k. Visitorial and Enforcement power
l. Adjudicatory Power
Read: Balladares v. Peak Ventures Corp., G.R. No. 161794, June 16, 2009
Cirineo Bowling v. Sensing, G.R. No. 146572, January 14, 2005
4. Title III, Arts. 122-155
Read: R.A. No. 7322 (Maternity Leave Act), R.A. 8187 (Paternity Leave Act), R.A. 8282,
sec. 14 (SSS Law)
R.A. No. 9262 (Anti-Violence against Women and Children Act), sec. 3
R.A. No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women), secs. 4(b), 12, 13, 18
R.A. No. 7877 (Anti-Sexual Harassment Act), Secs. 3-6
R.A. No. 7610 sec. 12, as amended by R.A. 7658 and R.A. 9231
Barcenas v. NLRC, 187 SCRA 498
Bacsin v. Wahiman, 553 SCRA 137
Domingo v. Rayala, G.R. No. 155831, February 18, 2008

5. Book Four, Arts. 156-161

Read: Ocean Builders Construction Corp. v. Sps. Cubcub, G.R. No. 150898,
April 13, 2011
Ecasinas v. Shangri-La , G.R. No. 178827, March 4, 2009

6. Book Six, Post-employment

a. Termination of employment (Arts. 278-286)
1.

Classification of employees
i.

Contractor, independent contractor, labor-only contractor

a. Arts. 106-109, Labor Code
b. Department Order No. 18-A, series of 2011 (November 14, 2011)
c. Department Order No. 19 s. 1993 (Guideline Governing the
Employment of Workers in the Construction Industry)

Read: Sy. Fairland Knitcraft, G.R. No. 182915, December 12, 2011
Alilin v. Petron, G.R. No. 177592, June 9, 2014
Sonza v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 138051, June 10, 2004
Bernarte v. Phil. Basketball Asso., G.R. No. 192084, September 14, 2011
Vigilla v. Phil. College of Criminology, G.R. No. 200094, June 10, 2013
ii.

Regular employee, project/seasonal employee, , probationary ,

casual
(Art. 280-281, Labor Code)

Read: Universal Robina v. Acibo, G.R. No. 186439, January 15, 2014
Dela Cruz v. Maersk Filipinas Crewing, Inc., 551 SCRA 284
Saberola v. Suarez, 558 SCRA 135
Leyte Geothermal Power Progressive Employees Union v. PNOC-EDC,
G.R. No. 170351, March 30, 2011
Aro v. NLRC, G.R. No. 174792, March 7, 2012
Mercado v. AMA Computer College, G.R. No. 183572, April 13, 2010
2010 Manual of Regulations for Private Schools, sec. 63
2008 Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education, secs. 35-36,
117

2. Termination by Employee
a. Just cause (Art. 285[b])
b. Without cause (Art. 285[a])
i. Resignation
Read: Alfaro v. CA, 363 SCRA 799
Intertrod Maritime v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 318
Blue Angel Manpower and Security Services, Inc. v. CA, 560 SCRA 157
Vicente v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 175988, October 4, 1996
c. Civic or Military duty (Art. 286)

3. Termination by Employer
a. Substantive Due Process
1. Just Causes (Art. 282)
1.1 Serious Misconduct/Willful disobedience (Art. 282[a])
Read: Dongon v. Rapid Movers, G.R. No. 163431, August 28, 2013
Mirant v. Sario, G.R. No. 197598, November 21, 2012
Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa sa Keihin v. Keihin Philippines
Corporation, G.R. No. 171115, August 9, 2010
Apacible v. Multimed Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 178903, May 30, 2011

1.3 Gross and habitual neglect of duty (Art. 282[b])

Read: National Bookstore v. CA, 378 SCRA 194
Del Monte Phils. V. Velasco, G.R. No. 153477, March 6, 2007
Challenge Socks Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 165268, November 8, 2005
Mansion Printing Center v. Bitara, Jr., G.R. No. 168120, January 25, 2012
MERALCO v. Beltran, G.R. No. 173774, January 30, 2012
1.4 Loss of trust and confidence (Art. 282[c])
1.3.1 Managerial and rank-and-file employees
Read: Hormillosa v. Coca-Cola Bottlers, G.R. No. 198699, Oct. 9, 2013
Prudential Guarantee v. NLRC, G.R. No. 185335, June 13, 2012
1.5 Commission of crime (Art. 282[d])
1.6 Analogous cases (Art. 282[e])
Read: John Hancock Life Insurance Corp. v. Davis, G.R. No. 169549,
September 3, 2009
Yrasuegui v. PAL, G.R. No. 168081, October 17, 2008
1.7 Abandonment
Read: RBC Cable v. Baluyot, G.R. No. 172670, Jan 20, 2009
Calipay v. NLRC, G.R. No. 166411, August 3, 2010
1.8 Totality of circumstances
Read: MERALCO v. Gana, G.R. No. 191288, March 7, 2012
1.8 Preventive suspension
Read: Blue Sky Trading v. Blas, G.R. No. 190559, March 7, 2012
1.9 Termination of a probationary employee

Read: Canadian Opportunities Unlimited v. Dalangin, Jr., G.R. No.

172223, February 6, 2012
2. Authorized Causes (Art. 283, 284)
2.1 Retrenchment to prevent losses (Art. 283)
a. Definition; Requisites; Relocation of business
Read: Cheniver Deco Print . v. NLRC, 325 SCRA 758
Sebuguero v. NLRC, 245 SCRA 532s
b. Proof required
Read: PT&T v. NLRC, 456 SCRA 264
c. Standards to be observed
Read: Maya Farms Employees Organization v. NLRC, 239
SCRA 508
Golden Thread Knitting v. NLRC, 304 SCRA 568
4. Substantial loss
Read: Lopez Sugar Corp. v. Federation of Free Workers, 189
SCRA 179
Flight Attendants and Stewards Association of the
Philippines v. PAL, 559 SCRA 252
Shimizu Phils. Contractors, Inc. v. Callanta, G.R. No.
165923, September 29, 2010
a. Retrenchment of an OFW
Read: International Management v. Logarta, G.R. No. 163657,
April 18, 2012
2.2 Closure of Business (Art. 283)
Read: North Davao Mining v. NLRC, 254 SCRA 721
a. Cessation of business operations
Read: Manatad v. PT&T, 548 SCRA 64

2.3 Redundancy (Art. 283)

Read:

Wiltshire File Co. v. NLRC, 193 SCRA 665

Escareal v. NLRC, 213 SCRA 472

De Ocampo v. NLRC, 213 SCRA 652

2.4 Temporary Closure (Art. 286)

2.5 Disease (Art. 284)
Read:

Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 142293, February 27, 2003

Villaruel v. Yeo Han Guan, G.R. No. 169191, June 1, 2011
Wuerth Philippines v. Ynson, G.R. No. 175932, February 15, 2012

2.6 Reorganization/abolition
Read: Hantex Trading Co. v. Court of Appeals, 390 SCRA 191

b. Procedural Due Process

1. Twin-notice requirement
Read: Glaxo Wellcome v. Nagkakaisang Empleyado ng Wellcome-DFA,
G.R. No.
149349, March 11, 2005
King of Kings v. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007
i. Failure to comply
Read: Agabon v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, November 17, 2004
Jaka Food Processing Corp. v. Pacot, G.R. No. 151378, March 28,
2005

ii. Ample opportunity to be heard; Hearing

Read: Perez v. PT&T, G.R. No. 152048, April 7, 2009
King of Kings v. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007
Wallem Maritime Services, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 108433,
October 15, 1996
Lopez v. Alturas, G.R. No. 191008, April 11, 2011
iii. Contents of a valid notice
Read: King of Kings v. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007
iv. Terminating a probationary employee
Read: Phil. Daily Inquirer v. Magtibay, 528 SCRA 355
2. Failure to comply with requirements of due process
2.1 Substantive
2.1.1 Reinstatement, Doctrine of Strained Relations

Read: Bank of Lubao v. Manabat, G.R. No. 188722, Feb. 1, 2012

Verdadero v. Barney Autolines,G.R. No. 195428,Aug 29, 2012
2.1.2 Backwages
2.1.2.1 Basis/Rationale
Read: Bustamante v. NLRC, 265 SCRA 61
2.1.2.2 Not availing
Read: Palteng v. UCPB, G.R. No. 172199, February 27, 2009
2.1.2.3 Period covered
Read: Bank of Lubao v. Manabat, G.R. No. 188722, Feb. 1, 2012
2.1.3 Separation pay
2.1.3.1 Basis for computation
Read: Phil. Tobacco Flue Curing v. NLRC, 300 SCRA 37
2.1.3.2 Who is liable to pay
Read: E. Razon, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor, 222 SCRA 1
2.1.3.3 Employer not liable
Read: National Federation of Labor v. NLRC, 327
SCRA 158

c. Constructive Dismissal
Read: Orchard Golf & Country Club v. Francisco, G.R. No. 178125, Mar 18, 2013
Barba v. Liceo de Cagayan,G.R. No. 193857, November 28, 2012

b. Retirement (Art. 287)

Read: Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corp. v. Caballeda, 560 SCRA 115
Cainta Catholic School v. Cainta Catholic School Employees Union,
489 SCRA 468
Serrano v. Severino Santos Transit, G.R. No. 187698, August 9, 2010

III.

Social Legislation

A. Social Security Act of 1997 (R.A. No. 8282)

a. Definitions
b. Compulsory members
c. Voluntary members
d. Non-payment of premium
e. Nature of fund
f. Failure to remit
Read: Dy Caico v. SSS, G.R. No. 161357, November 30, 2009
Social Service Commission v. Alba, 559 SCRA 477
SSS v. Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Company of Manila, 553 SCRA 677
Ortega v. Social Security Commission, 555 SCRA 353
SSC v. Rizal Poultry and Livestock Corp., G.R. No. 167050, June 1, 2011
B. Workmens Compensation (P.D. No. 628, Arts. 166-208)
a. Compensable Contingencies (Art. 166)
b. Definitions
c. Coverage
d. Compensability (Injury)
a. Accident, work-related
Read: Hinoguin v. Employees Compensation Commission, G.R. No. 8430, April
17, 1989
b. Proximate Cause
c. Act of Ministration
Read: Visayan Stevedore Transport Company v. Workmens Compensation
Commission, G.R. No. L-11875, December 28, 1973
d. Coming and Going rule
Read: Alano v. ECC, G.R. No. L-48594, March 16, 1988
Lazo v. ECC, G.R. No. 78617, June 18, 1990
e. Official Functions
f. 24-Hour Duty
Read: GSIS v. Alegre, G.R. No. 128524, April 20, 1999
Valeriano v. ECC, G.R. No. 136200, June 8, 2000

e. Compensability (illness)
a. Proof
b.Work-connected illness
c. Cause of illness is unknown; Increased Risk Doctrine
Read: Clemente v. GSIS, G.R. No. 4721, July 31, 1987

Limbo v. ECC, G.R. No. 146891, July 30, 2002

C. National Health Insurance Act of 1995 (as amended by R.A. No. 9241; R.A. No.
10606)
1. Important Principles
a. Equity
b. Responsiveness
c. Social Solidarity
d. Fiduciary Responsibility
e. Informed Choice
f.Compulsory Coverage
g. Cost-sharing
2. Definition
a. Beneficiary
b. Capitation
c. Contribution
d. Dependent
e. Health Care Provider
f. Portability
3. Coverage (sec. 6)
4. Change of Residence (sec. 9)
5. Exclusion and Benefits (Secs. 11 and 12)
6. Quasi-judicial powers (sec. 17)
7. Grievance and Appeal (secs. 39-43; secs. 98-136, IRR of R.A. No. 7875, as
amended)
D. Government Health Insurance System Act
a. Definitions
b. Membership
c. Benefits
i. Rehabilitation services
ii. Temporary Total Disability
iii. Permanent Total Disability
iv. Permanent Partial Disability
v. Death/Funeral Benefits
d. Claims and Disputes
e. Portability
f. Penalties