The unjust execution of the 3 Martyr PriestsGomez, Burgos, Zamora

Led to a new era

The Reform Movement
Propagandists waged their war against Spain but it failed. However, its failure led to the founding of the
revolutionary KATIPUNAN.
The Role of the Middle Class
19t h c e n t u r y
r i s e o f t h e m i d d l e class

Non-existent in previous centuries

Composed of Spanish and Chinese mestizos.
Became leaders in finance and education.
2 Spanish ClassesConsideration
Peninsulares
-S paniards born in S pain
Insulares
-Spaniards born in thePhilippines
Natives (The pure Filipino blood) were invariable called Indios
Natives were never called Filipinos until
Governor-General Basilio Augustin called for loyalty and aid for Indios in1898
Before 1898, the Filipinos were called indios and Insulares Filipinos.
The members of the middle class started the movement for reforms but, the Spanish look down upon
them while natives look upon the m w ith s us pic ion the nativ es having been, and
continued to be, the victims of mestizos arrogant and insolent mannerisms.
It was thus that the Filipino Middle class and the natives came to work hand in hand, with the
former naturally leading the latter by the hand.
The Rise of the Middle Class
1896, the chance of the middleclass to show their political color when
General Carlos Maria d e la Torre became the governor.
The middle class saw an ally in him for de la Torre showed his democratic tendencies when he
dismissed the palace Halberdiers and lived simply within his means
Halberdiers
A weapon of the15th and 16th centuries having an ax like blade and a steel spike mounted on the
end of a long shaft.
July 12, 1896
-M iddle Clas s ma rched to the governors place and serenaded him.
List of well-known Mestizo and Insulareserenaders of the period:
Maximo Paterno
Angel Garchitorena
Joaquin Pardo de Tavera
Andres Nieto

Manuel Genato
From then on, the middle class led on the reform movement which was temporarily
silenced during the decade from
1872 to1882,when the Filipino intelligentsia, segment of the middle class, took over the
leadership from the wealthy segment.

Philippine History: The Campaign for Reforms

Reform Movement a movement brought by the unjust execution of the three Filipino priests,
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora and the crave of the middle classes for a more
secure position in the social pyramid
The Role of the Middle Class
Middle class Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the insulares
3 social classes of Spanish perod:
1. peninsulares Spaniards born in spain
2. Insulares Spaniards born in the Philippines
3. Indios natives or indigenous people
*1869 -Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre a very down to earth person became governor who they saw
as an ally
*July 12, 1869 they marched and serenade him
*1872-1882 the Filipino inteligenstia (a segment of middle class) took over the leadership from the
wealthy sector
The Nature of the Reform Movement
The movement has no clamor for independence it only aims for the assimilation of the Philippines to
Spain (to make the Philippines a province of Spain) so that the Filipinos:
* would become Spanish citizens
*would be represented in the Spanish Cortes to be able to participate in the making of laws that may
benefit the country.
And that goal has to be attained by peaceful meansusing the power of words.
The Great Reformist
Graciano Lopez Jaena born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido Lopez and
Maria Jacobo Jaena
Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at University of Valencia
Author of a Fray Botod a tale that deals with the ignorance, abuses and immorality of a certain
friar named Botod (the average friar of the period)
1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself object to manhunt
*1882- he delivered a speech during the International Congress of Industrial Geography in defense
of the Filipinos
*February 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first circulation of La Solidaridad
*January 20 1896 He died of tuberculosis
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Born in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan, Bulakan on August 30, 1850 son of Julian H. Del Pilar and
Blasa Gatmaitan
*the political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain

Studied at College of San Jose and at University of Sto. Tomas where he finished his law course in
1880
*1880-he began to campaign at the plazas , cockpits, and small tiendas preaching the gospel of
work, self respect and dignity
*1882 founded Diariong Tagalog
*1888- he wrote the pamphlet "Kaiigat Kayo" in defense of Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere which is
then attacked savagely by Fr. Rodriguez Pamphlet ``Caiingat Cayo using the pen name Dolores
Manapat. He also wrote some parodies namely; Dasalan at Toksohan, Amain Namin and the ten
Commandments of the Friars
*October 1888 he left for Spain
*December 1889 took over the editorship of La Solidaridad
*July 4, 1896 he died
Jose Rizal
Born in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.
Wrote the poem Sa Aking Mga Kababata at the age of eight
Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University of Sto. Tomas
1882- he left for Spain at the age of 21
Enrolled at medicine and gain knowledges on other curriculum and mastered languages like French
and German
He finished Noli Me Tangere at the age of 26 which gained popularity but the Spanish authorities
prohibited its reading
1889 - He publishes La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez , a satire in which he exposed the ignorance of Fr.
Jose Rodriguez who was then attacking his novel by issuing the pamphlet Caingat Cayo which
warned the Filipinos against reading the Noli
1891-he finished El Filibusterismo
He returned to the Philippines in 1887 and in 1892 for the second time
July 7, 1892 his banishment to Dapitan was announced officially
He was placed under arrest before the ship could dock in Barcelona in his way to Cuba where he
enlisted as a Military Doctor and was sentenced to die by musketry
December 30, 1896 he was shot to death
La Solidaridad
A news paper that rises as an answer to the needs of bringing to the attention of the Peninsular
Spaniards the so-called Philippine problem
*February 15, 1889 the first number came out in Barcelona with Lopez Jaena as Editor
*December 1889 M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship
The aims of La Solidaridad
*During Jaenas editorship
To combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and adopt liberal ideas, to defend
progress and to be a propagandist of democratic ideas
*under Del Pilars editorship
the aims of the sol was expanded to include: the removal of the friars and secularization, active
participation in the affairs of government, freedom of speech of the press and the assembly,a wider
social and political freedom, equality before the law, assimilation and the representation in the
Spanish Cortes
Pen names used by the reformist:
*Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan; Mariano Ponce-tikbalang,Naning and Kalipulako; M.H. del
Pilar as Plaridel; Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa
In its six years of existence the Sol represented the ideals of the Filipino reformist group and
succeeded in exposing the evil in the Filipino Society.

The Hispano-Filipino Association

*January 12, 1889 An association composed of Spaniards and Filipinos who favored in granting the
reform in the colony was inaugurated in Madrid.
Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the Cortes which would have been of benefit to
the Filipino if it had been carried out
*1893 the society secure the passage of Maura Law, a law for the compulsory teaching of Spanish
and initiation of reforms in the judiciary
*February 21 1895- representative Emilio Junoy presented a petition in the Cortes that urged no
less than 52 towns to favor parliamentary representation of the Philippines
The Role of Freemasonry
*April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic lodge revolucion in Barcelona
*1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in Madrid
Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established Masonic Lodges in the Philippines:
*Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891
*Walana
And some other 33 lodges.
It became the focus of propaganda activities and became responsible in the maintenance of unity it
also served as a pattern for the methods and organization of the Katipunan because Andress
Bonifacio was a Mason

La Liga Filipina Founded By Rizal on July 3, 1892 at a house in Tondo.

It aims to unite the archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body; for mutual
protection of every want and necessity,;defence against all violence and injustice;
encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce; study and application of reforms. All
this aims are to be carried out thr through the creation of governing body composed of the
Supreme Council, Provincial Council and Popular Council.

1.
2.

1. THE CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS

2. The Reform Movement The Filipino Reformists Pro- Filipino Societies Masonry and its Role La Liga
Filipina Why Reform Movement Failed
3. 3. The Reform Movement : Its Nature. The unjust execution of the 3 martyr priests : Gomez,Burgos
and Zamora. Led to a new era : THE REFORM MOVEMENT Began in 1882 and lasted up to the early
months of 1896, when the important Filipino reformists died.
4. 4. Philippines as province of Spain. The Philippines would be represented in the Spanish law-making
body called the Cortes
5. 5. They would enjoy all rights and privileges Of Spanish Citizens. They would also be obliged to
discharge The duties of Spanish citizens. The Filipinos could not be treated cruelly by The friars and
the Spanish civil authorities.
6. 6. This policy of making the Philippines a province of Spain and of making the Filipinos Spanish
Citizens has been called Assimilation.
7. 7. Born in Jaro, now a part of Iloilo City, on 17 December 1856. His parents were Placido Lopez and
Maria Jacobo Jaena. He studied at the Seminary of Jaro, in order To be a priest, but later on he
changed His mind and wanted to be a physician.
8. 8. He wrote a long story about a certain friar Named Fray Botod. He secretly sailed for Europe in
1880. He studied medicine in Spain but later on gave it up And devoted his time and energy to
writing articles. HE WAS THE GREAT ORATOR.
9. 9. He became its first editor. Solidarity A newspaper which became the propaganda arm Of the
Filipino Reformists in Spain. Pearl of the orient
10. 10. * To fight reaction *To stop all steps tending to make the Philippines a Backward country. * To
extol liberal ideas * To defend progress
11. 11. He was born in Kalamba,Laguna, on June 19,1861. He studied at the Ateneo de municipal and,
later, In the University of Santo Tomas. In 1882, he went to Spain with the help Of his elder brother
and uncle.

12. 12. He is known for his two novels Noli mi Tangere And El Filibusterismo. He founded the La liga
Filipina. He is the Great Thinker and Writer.
13. 13. Greatest Journalist produced by the purely Filipino race. Born in the barrio of Kupang, Bulakan.
Bulacan, On August 30,1850 He studied at the College of San Jose and later At the University of
Santo Tomas where he finished His law studies in 1880.
14. 14. In 1882, he founded the Tagalog-Spanish Newspaper Diariong Tagalog which published
suggestions on how to improve the administration of the country. In 1888, the Spanish Friars of
Bulakan persuaded the Spanish officials to arrest del Pilar. He became the editor of La Solidaridad.
15. 15. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Friar Sovereignty in the Philippines) La Frailocracia Filipina
( The Friars in the Philippines)
16. 16. In 1882, they organized the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (The Spanish-Filipino Circle) Revista del
Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Journal of the Spanish-Filipino Circle)
17. 17. Asociacion Hispano-Filipina that was inaugurated In 1889. Their aspiration was to work for the
material and moral improvement of the Philippines.
18. 18. Masonry was popular in Europe, even in Spain. Lopez Jaena was very active in Mansory. He
founded the lodge of Revolucion in Barcelona in 1899. The following year another lodge La
Solidaridad (not to be confused with the newspaper) was founded in
19. 19. Masonic Lodge Nilad in Manila. 1. To work for freedom and prosperity of the Philippines. 2. To
work for good government. 3. To ask for representation to the Spanish Cortes. 4. To make the
Philippines a province of Spain.
20. 20. 35 Masonic lodge. 9 in Manila Women s Masonic Lodge Walana.
21. 21. July 3,1892 Rizal and a group of patriotic filipinos ,including Andres Bonifacio founded La Liga
Filipina. 1. To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body. 2.. Mutual protection of all members
in Case of necessity. 3. The encouragement of Agriculture,commerce and education 4. Defense
against any kind of violence and Injustice; and 5. Study and application of reforms.
22. 22. Monthly due of Ten centavos. 1. A member or his son without financial means but with Enough
ability and industry shall be supported 2. The poor shall be supported against the rich and powerful.
3. Any member who suffered losses shall be given financial help. 4. Stores and shops shall be
opened which would sell goods To members at low prices. 5. Machines shall be introduced in order to
promote industries.

The Campaign for Reforms

The Reform Movement
Ten years after the execution of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora
It was a peaceful period on the surface because the Filipinos were cowed into silence by the
Spanish authorities.
There were threats of persecution for those who would oppose or criticize Spanish rule.
Reform Movement
also called Propaganda Movement
It began in 1882 and lasted up to the early months of 1892
Graciano Lopez Jaena
He was born in Jaro, now a part of Iloilo City, on December 18, 1856 and died on January 20, 1896
in Barcelona, Spain.
Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena
He studied at the Seminary of Jaro to become a priest, but later on, he changed his mind to
become a physician instead.
He wrote a long story about a certain friar he named Fray Butod.
Jose Rizal
most brilliant of the Filipinos during his time
born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861.
studied at the Ateneo Municipal and later at the University of Santo Tomas. He went to Europe to
continue his medical studies.
1882 - he went to Spain to study medicine and several languages.
died on December 30, 1896.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
"greatest journalist produced by the purely Filipino raise"
born in the barrio of Capital Cupang , Bulacan, Bulacan on August 30, 1850.
studied at the college of San Jose and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished
his law studies in 1880.
In 1882, he founded that the Tagalog-Spanish newspaper, Diariong Tagalog, which, although
short-lived, published suggestions on how to improve the administration of the country. It also

published mild criticisms of the Spaniards-mild, because there was no freedom of the press and
of speech during the Spanish time.
In 1888, the Spanish friars of Bulacan persuaded the Spanish officials of the province to arrest Del
Pilar; but his admirers warned him about the order for his arrest and so he secretly left for Spain.
A year after his arrival in Spain, he became the editor of La Solidaridad.
He died on July 4, 1896.
Important Filipino reformists
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Jose Rizal
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Other Reformists
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Antonio Luna
Mariano Ponce
Eduardo Lete
In 1889, he founded the Fortnightly newspaper La Solidaridad
Aims of the newspaper;
1) to fight reaction,
2) to stop all efforts to keep the Philippines a backward country,
3) to extol liberal ideas, and
4) to defend progress.
Demands of the Filipino Reformists
(1) representation in the Spanish Cortes;
(2) the right to vote;
(3) freedom of speech, of assembly, and of the press;
(4) freedom of commerce;
(5) the removal of the friars from the Philippines because they were an obstacle to progress
6) the education of the people;
(7) reforms in the jails of the country; and
(8) the abolition of the diezmos prediales or the tithe consisting of one-tenth of the produce of
the land.
Novels:
1. Noli Me Tangere or Touch Me Not
2. El Filibusterismo
Books:
La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Sovereignty in the Philippines)
La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in the Philippines)
The Pro-Filipino societies
In 1882, they organized the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (the Spanish-Filipino Circle) in order to
propagate their views, the society published the newspaper Revista Del Circulo Hispano-Filipino
(journal of the Spanish-Filipino Circle).
In 1889, Another society was found with patriotic aims, the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina.
Aims:
1.) the abolition of the diezmos prediales and the sanctorum;
2.) the compulsory teaching of Spanish in all schools in the Philippines;
3.) radical reforms in the University of Santo Tomas;
4.) the abolition of flogging as a form of punishment;
5.) the establishment of argricultural banks; and
6.) tax and other reforms. All of these aims were to benefit the Filipinos.
La Liga Filipina
In 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines.
In July 3, 1892, Rizal and a group of patriotic Filipinos, including Andres Bonifacio, founded the
society, La Liga Filipina.
Aims of La Liga Filipina:
1.) to unite the whole archipelago into one strong body;
2.) to give mutual protection of all members in case of necessity;
3.) to encourage agriculture, commerce, and education;
4.) to defend members against any kind of violent and injustice; and 5.) to study and apply

reforms.
Purposes:
1.) to support a member or his son with the financials means but with enough ability and
industry;
2.) to support the poor against the rich and the powerful;
3.) to give financial health to any member who suffered losses;
4.) to open stores and shops which would sell goods to members at low prices; and 5.) to
introduce machines in order to promote industries.

Transcript of "Bonifacio and the katipunan"

1.
2.

1. Bonifacio and the Katipunan 1892-1896

2. The failure of the reform movement led even a reformist like Marcelo H. Del Pilar to think of revolution.
Insurection, Del Pilar wrote in La Solidaridad, is the last remedy, especially when the people have acquired the
belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile.
3. 3. The Founding of the Katipunan On July 7, 1892, the newspapers published the news about the arrest of Rizal
the previous night and the governor-generals order to banish him to Dapitan. Patriotic Filipinos met at a house on
Azcarraga Street, Manila (now Claro M. Recto Ave.) these men were Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Valentin
Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano. They organized the secret society called Kataastaasan
Kagalanggalangang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan KKK or Katipunan)
4. 4. The Aims and Structure of the Katipunan Andres Bonifacio laid down three primary objectives of the Katipunan:
civic, political, and moral. Civic was based on the principle of self-help and the defense of the weak and the
poor. Political was the separation of the Philippines from Spain to secure the independence of the colony.
Moral focused on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good moral character.
5. 5. The Katipunan Government The Katipunan had three governing bodies: The Kataastaasang Sanggunian or
Supreme Council, the Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council, and Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council.
Respectively, they were the equivalent of the central government, the provincial government, and the municipal
government. Judicial Council Sangguniang Hukuman Katipunan Assembily was composed of the members
of the Supreme Council and the presidents of the Provincial Council.
6. 6. Secret Chamber Composed of Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Pio Valenzuela. The Chamber sentenced
members who exposed the secrets of the Katipunan.
7. 7. The Katipunan Elections The elected officers of the first Supreme Council were the following: Deodato
Arellano, president or supremo; Andres Bonifacio, comptroller; Ladislao Diwa, fiscal; Teodoro Plata, secretary; and
Valentin Diaz, treasurer. The officers in the second Supreme Council were as follows: Roman Basa, supremo;
Bonifacio, fiscal; Jose Turiano Santiago, secretary; and Vicente Molina, treasurer. The elected councilors were
Briccio Brigido Pantas, Restituto Javier, Teodoro Plata, Teodoro Gonzales, and Ladislao Diwa.
8. 8. Membership Three kinds: the first grade was called katipon; the second grade was kawal; and the third grade
was bayani. The password katipon was Anak ng Bayan that of the kawal was Gom-Bur-Za; and that of bayani
was Rizal.
9. 9. The Katipunan Codes Spanish Alphabet Equivalent in the Katipunan Spanish Alphabet Equivalent in the
Katipunan A B C D E F G H I J K L LL Z B C D Q H G F R L K J N M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y V I C P E R S T M
MWUY
10. 10. The Katipunan Flags Aside from the secret codes, Bonifacio also wanted a flag to be used by the members as
a symbol of their unity. With the help of his wife Gregoria de Jesus, a flag was made.
11. 11. The Teachings of the Katipunan 1. Love God with all your heart. 2. Bear always in mind that the love of God
is also love of Country, and this, too, is love ones fellowmen. 3. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of
honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country. 4. All your good wishes will be crowned with
success if you have serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor.
12. 12. 5. Guard the mandates and aims of of the KKK as you guard your honor. 6. It is the duty of all to defend, at
the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his duty. 7. Our
responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen to follow.
8. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate. 9. Diligence in the work

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that gives sustenance to you is the true basis of love love for your own self, for your wife and children, and for
your brothers and countrymen.
13. 10. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the KKK are
God-given, for the will of the people is also the will of God
14. Kartilla 1. Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is like tree without a shadow, if not a
poisonous weed. 2. A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from desire to do good is
not kindness. 3. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving ones fellowmen and in adjusting every
movement, deed and word to true reason.
15. 4.All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in knowledge,
wealth, and beauty but cannot be superior in being. 5. He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is
mean prefers personal profit to honor. 6. To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate. 7. Dont fritter
away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost will never come again.
16. 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. 9. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and
knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded. 10. In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife
and children; if he who guides moves toward evil, they who are guided likewise move toward evil. 11. Think not of
woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life. Respect her
in her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world and who cared for you in your
childhood.
17. 12. What you do not want done to your wife, daughter, and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of
another. 13. The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in the highness of the nose and in the
whiteness of the skin, nor in being a priest representing God, nor in the exalted position on this earth, but pure and
truly noble is he who, though born in the woods is possessed of an upright character; who is true to his words; who
has dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look after
and loves the land of his birth.
18. The Women of the Katipunan Women Katipunan members were: Josefa Rizal, president; Gregoria de Jesus,
vice president; Marina Dizon, secretary; and Angelica Lopez Rizal, Rizals niece as fiscal.
19. The Kalayaan Jacinto purchased some templates to be used in printing the Katipunan newspaper. Other
templates were stolen from Spanish printing press. Ulpiano Fernandez and Faustino Duque both Katipuneros
managed the press. Dr. Pio Valenzuela suggested the name of the newspaper, Kalayaan. To mislead the Spanish
authorities, they put Yokohama as the place of publication and Marcelo H. Del Pilar as the editor.
20. Jacintos Pahayag (Manifesto) and Bonifacios poem, Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country) were
published in the issue of the Kalayaan. Jacinto used the pen names Pingkian and Dimas-Ilaw; Bonifacio used
Agapito Bagumbayan; and Valenzuela used Madlang- Away.
21. Twin souls of the Katipunan Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto Its founder Andres Bonifacio was born on
November 30, 1863 in Azcarraga St. near Manila Railroad Station. His parents Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina
de Castro, belonged to the lower middle class. Has 3 brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio Has 2 sisters:
Espiridiona and Maxima He sold canes and paper fans in his early years. He worked as a messenger of J.M.
Fleming and Co., an English trading firm; and later, as an agent of the German.
22. At night, he read newspapers and books , which were all written in Spanish. He taught himself to read and
write in this language and in time he became literate in Spanish. He felt sad and angry when Rizal executed on
December 30, 1896 because great Filipino was executed. Bonifacio was anti-friar and anti-Spanish. To him, they
were all the same: greedy, immoral, cruel, and lazy. His poems in Tagalog, Tapunan ng Lingap and Ang Mga
Cazadrones attacked the Spaniards furiously. He called the Spaniards White Cattle. His poem Huling Hikbi ng
Pilipinas openly called for independence from colonial rule
23. Bonifacio found a twin soul in the Katipunan the younger and intelligent Emilio Jacinto. Born in Tondo, Manila
on December 15, 1875. Jacinto lived a hard life when he was young like Bonifacio. His father died early which
compelled his mother to send him to his uncles house for support. He first studied at San Juan de Letran and later
transferred to the University of Santo Tomas where he studied Law. At 18, Jacinto joined at the Katipunan leaving
his studies.
24. Bonifacio warmed up to him and a deep friendship developed between the two, then greatly influenced the
Katipunan. He wrote in Tagalog, the language of the masses, except one poem in Spanish, A Mi Patria (Country)
Jacinto believed that the people, the masses, could be reached only through their own language, so they both
wrote in Tagalog. It is for this reason that Bonifacio and Jacinto succeeded in uniting the people behind them.

25. 25. He also wrote Kartilla, Liwanag at Dilim, Pahayag, Sa Mga Kababayan and others. Bonifacio assigned him
to lead the rebels in Laguna. He died in Mahayhay, Laguna on April 6, 1899 at the young age of twenty-four.
26. 26. Pictures Andres Bonifacio
27. 27. Katipunan Flags
28. 28. Gregoria de Jesus
29. 29. Katipunan Teachings

Andres Bonifacio THE KATIPUNAN Kataas-taasang , kagalang galangang , Katipunan nang mga
anak nang bayamn was founded on July 7 , 1892, a day after Jose Rizal was arrested. Andres
Bonifacio , Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladisloa Diwa, Deodato Arellano and many others met at
a huose in Claro M. Recto. They perfomed a blood compact act and signed their membership
paperts with their own blood. They agreed to employ the triangle method of recruitment. Each
member would recruit 2 more members into the organization. These two new members do not
know about each other. They knew only htier recruiter. Through this the other members of the
Katipunan would not be exposed, and the organizations safety. They also agreed to pay twentyfive centavos upon membership and 12 centavos monthly dues.
The three basic objectives of the Katipunan were to:
1. work to free the Philippines from Spain;
2.teach good conduct and deeds, cleanliness, and to struggle against religious fanaticism and
human weaknesses; 3. Help ones self and fellow members; defend the poor and the oppressed.
1892 October,elected the following council of the Supreme Council: Deodato Arellano - Supremo
Andres Bonifaci - Comptroller
Ladislao Diwa - Fiscal
Teodoro Plata - Secretary
Valentin Diaz - Treasurer August 1896, composed of its reliable members: Andres Bonifacio Supremo
Emilio Jacinto - Sec. of State
Teodoro Plata - Sec. of War
Briecio Pantas - Sec. of Justice
Aguedo del Rosario - Sec. of Interior
Enrique Pacheco - Finance Sec. Andres Bonifacio Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, was
born in Tondo on November 30, 1863. He grew up poor. He was compelled to quit his studies at
an early age to support his family. He sold fans and canes, became a messenger, clerk and an
agent. He was fond of reading. The Noli and El Fili, Les Miserables, books on law, the French
Revolution and lives of the US Presidents were just some of what he read. He and Gregoria de
Jesus were married in 1892. Gregoria of Lakambini secured the documents, guns and other
equipment of the Katipunan. Emilio Jacinto was born in Tondo on December 15,1875. His parents
educated him at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and the University of Sto. Tomas. At age 18,
Emilio was the youngest member of the Katipunan. He was honest and intelligent. He had
Bonifacios complete trust, as he was also a close friend and adviser of the Supremo.
Emilio edited Kalayaan, the Katipunans newspaper. He wrote many of its articles. He also
authored the Cartilla, Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness), Pahayag (Announcement), Sa mga
Kababayan (To Our Compatriots), Ang Kasalanan ni Cain (Cains Sin), Pagkatatag ng Pamahalaan
sa Hukuman ng Silangan (Establishment of Government in the Court of the East), and the
Samahan ng Bayan sa Pangangalakal (Association of Nations for Commerce). He died from an
illness while heading a campaign against the Spaniards in Majayjay, Laguna on April 16, 1869.
Emilio Jacinto The Katipunans Cartilla had thirteen lessons that every one of its members must
obey. It extolled good characters like doing good to one another, being honest and having
integrity; it commended the value of giving ones life for a cause, the need to defend the

oppressed and fight the oppressors, respect of family and of women, love of ones motherland,
and equality. In 1893 Bonifacio opened the katipunan doors to patriotic women
The Officers of the Katipunans women a branch were:
Josefa Rizal President
Gregoria de Jesus V-President
Mariana Dizon Secretary and
Angelica Rizal Lopez - Fiscal The Womens Branch The Kalayaan first came out on Jan. 18, 1896.
Published by Jacinto Manifesto and Bonifacios poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa , Valenzuelas
article Catuiran and another article by Jacinto. The Kalayan The Katipunans discovery was the
result of a row between 2 Katipunan working in Diario de Manila, Apolonio dela Cruz and Teodoro
Patino. To exact revenge on dela Cruz Patino told his sister Honoria about the organization. The
woman then reveakled this to the nun Sr. Teresa, who in turn advised Patino to divulged al that he
knew to father Mariano Gil. The Discovery of the Katipunan News about the discovery of the
Katipunan spread to Manila and nearby suburbs, and Andres Bonifacio immediately called for a
general meeting. Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in
Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896. Ramos was the son of Melchora Aquino, also known as Tandang
Sora and was later acknowledged as the Mother of the Katipunan."
Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to fight to the bitter end. Everyone shouted
their approval, except for Teodoro Plata, who though that it was too soon for a revolution.
Heartened by his mens response, Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas (residence
certificates) to pieces, as a sign of their defiance and determination to rise against the Spaniards.
The men immediately tore up their cedulas, shouting, Mabuhay ang Pilipinas (long live the
Philippines) -known as the Cry of Pugadlawin. The Cry of Pugadlawin Cavite soon became the
center of the Revolution, and the Katipuneros there divided themselves into the Magdalo and
Magdiwang factions. Baldomero Aguinaldo, brother of Emilio Aguinaldo, headed the Magdalo
group, which was stationed in Kawit. General Mariano Alvarez led the Magdiwang group, which
was stationed in Noveleta.
The two groups fought in separate battles. Emilio Aguinaldo overran Kawit on August 31, 1896,
while Alvarez attacked Noveleta. In Bacoor, Aguinaldo tried to intercept Spanish reinforcements
coming from Manila; but he was repulsed and forced to retreat to nearby Imus. Here, on the
morning of September 5, he defeated the Spanish troops under the command of General Aguirre.
A hundred Spaniards were killed and 60 weapons were confiscated. Aguinaldo was hailed as a
hero. The adoring Caviteos referred to him as General Miong and no longer Kapitan Miong.
General Aguinaldos numerous victories in the battlefield made him the acknowledged
revolutionary leader in Cavite. He issued a proclamation on October 31, 1896 enjoining the
people to take courage and continue fighting for Philippine independence.
Owing to the defeat of the Spaniards in Cavite, Camilo de Polavieja replaced Ramon Blanco as
governor general on December 13, 1896. Polavieja was more successful than his predecessor and
slowly regained one-third of the province.
Conflict among the rebels in Cavite The Tejeros convention which was held on March 22, 1897
only worsened the rivalry between the two faction of the Katipunan. The aim of the convention
was to form a central revolutionary
government that would unite the two councils. An election of officers was held in Tejeros.
Although he was away fighting the Spaniards in Dasmarinas, Cavite, Emilio Aguinaldo
was elected president of the new revolutionary government. Bonifacio was nominated for the
position of director of the interior, but Daniel Tirona of Kawit stood up and questioned his ability
to hold that job. Tirona said that the position needed someone with a law

degree. Bonifacio took Tironas words as an insult. He declared that, as the leader of the
Katipunan, all the acts of the Tejeros convention were unlawful. Hurt and angry, he left with his
wife, his two brothers, and some trusted bodyguards. A day later Emilio Aguinaldo became
president of the new revolutionary government. He was sworn into office along with other elected
officials, most of whom were Cavitenos. Bonifacio was not present.
Tejeros convention Andres Bonifacio's Execution
While Aguinaldo was recognized as leader by the Magdalo faction, Bonifacio was recognized as
the leader of the Katipunan by the Magdiwang faction. An assembly was held in Imus, Cavite on
December 31, 1897 to settle the leadership issue but was not successful. Then on March 22,
another assembly was held at Tejeros (known as the Tejeros Convention) to elect officers of the
revolutionary government. Aguinaldo won as president while Bonifacio was relegated as the
Director of the Interior. Bonifacio rejected the elections and declared it void. Bonifacio later
formed the Naic Military Agreement, essentially creating a government contending Aguinaldo's.
Soon after, Bonifacio was captured, stood trial, and was sentenced to death by a War Council of
Aguinaldo's government. Aguinaldo initially commuted the sentence to deportation but later
reversed the commutation upon pressure from Pio Del Pilar and other officers. On orders from
General Mariano Noriel, Andres Bonifacio was executed at the foothills of Mt. Buntis by Major
Lazaro Makapagal on May 10, 1897. Bonifacio Execution katipunan Tejeros convention Emilio
Jacinto Andres Bonifacio Fanning of the flames of the 1896 Revolution Emilio Jacinto