Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
GENERAL SURGERY
QUESTION BANK
QUESTIONS COMPILED CHAPTER-WISE
FROM PAST 30 YEARS (1982-2012)
M.S. GENERAL SURGERY PAPERS
( R.G.U.H.S )
Compiled by
Dr. Deevish N D
(Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute)
Facebook page
Dedicated to
my parents, my friends
and
my beloved brother
Acknowledgments
To the people who made this dream a reality
Dr. Abhishek V
Dr. Abhay Kattepur
Dr. Ajith T
Dr. Aniketh Venkatram
Dr. Giridhar A
Dr. Medha Sugara
Dr. Rajeev P
Dr. Ramakrishna K
Dr. Rohith S
Dr. Thejas S K
Dr. Vinod Kumar P
Dr. Vishnu Kurpad
With proud privilege and deep sense of respect I like to express
my gratitude and indebtedness to my teacher and guide Dr. B.S.
Shivaswamy, Professor and Head, Department of General
Surgery, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute for his
constant inspiration and support.
I am immensely thankful to Dr. T. Durganna, President, Surgical
Society of Bangalore for permitting me to release the book on
the occasion of Prof. B. Hanumaiah Memorial CSEP programme
2012 organised by ASI-KSC Bangalore city chapter.
INDEX
PAPER I
1
11
10
12
11
15
12
ARTERIAL DISORDERS
17
13
VENOUS DISORDERS
19
14
20
15
21
16
MISCELLANEOUS
21
PAPER II
17
24
18
25
19
26
20
SALIVARY GLANDS
27
21
29
22
NECK
29
23
THYROID GLAND
31
24
34
25
BREAST
36
26
THORAX
40
27
43
PAPER III
28
ANASTOMOSES
43
29
OESOPHAGUS
44
30
47
31
LIVER
50
32
53
33
SPLEEN
56
34
PANCREAS
57
35
59
36
60
37
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
64
38
APPENDIX
65
39
RECTUM
66
40
67
41
69
42
71
PAPER IV
43
71
44
73
45
74
46
HAND
74
47
FOOT
75
48
76
49
NERVES
77
50
78
51
79
52
80
53
URINARY BLADDER
84
54
85
55
86
56
87
*********
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Describe the biochemical basis of wound healing.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Informed consent
LONG QUESTIONS
1. What are the facilitating and interfering factors in wound healing?
How can adverse scars be prevented or managed?
2. Describe the biological process of wound healing. Discuss the factors
affecting wound healing.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Classification of operative wounds and the role of prophylactic
antibiotics
2. Classification of wounds
3. Factors causing wound dehiscence
4. Keloids
5. Postoperative tetanus
6. Wound dehiscence
7. Wound healing
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Air embolism
2. Apache scoring
3. Basic principle of hand injury
4. Blast injuries
5. Carotid artery blowout and its prevention
6. Concept of brain stem death
7. Crush injury of leg
8. Crush syndrome
9. Extradural hematoma
10. Fat embolism
11. Flail chest
12. Gun shot injury of left hypochondrium
13. Hemoperitoneum
14. Lucid interval
15. Missile injuries
16. Myoplastic amputation
17. Organisation of trauma services
18. Organization of accident injuries
19. Plan management of major disaster
20. Trauma scoring system
21. Triage
R
F
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. ARDS
2. Anaphylactic shock
3. Artificial blood
4. Artificial ventilation
5. Auto transfusion
4
R
F
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the indications for blood transfusion, the risks and hazards
and its management in polytrauma.
2. Discuss fluid and electrolyte balance in a normal man.
3. Discuss the fluid and electrolyte management of surgical patient.
4. Discuss metabolic response to trauma.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acidosis and surgeon
2. Autologous blood transfusion
3. Complications of blood transfusion
4. Fresh frozen plasma
5. Hyperkalemia
6. Lomodex
7. Metabolic acidosis
8. Metabolic alkalosis
9. Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock
10. Peritoneal dialysis
11. Postoperative anuria
12. Potassium balance
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Central venous pressure
2. Complications of TPN
3. Describe recent trends in fluid replacement of surgical patients.
Whats new in the management of burns?
4. Enteral feeding
5. Enteral nutrition
6. Fluid replacement in burns
7. Intralipids
8. Nitrogen balance
9. Nutritional assessment
10. Parenteral hyperalimentation
11. Parenteral nutrition
12. Total parental nutrition
R
F
R
F
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify surgically created wounds.
2. Clinical features of tetanus.
3. Describe briefly the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. What are
surgical complications of amoebiasis? Discuss pathology, clinical
features and management of intestinal amoebiasis.
4. Describe the biological process of wound healing factors that
influence wound healing. Classify wounds and outline management
of each type of wound.
5. Discuss abdominal tuberculosis.
6. Discuss care of a diabetic foot and describe in detail the
management of a 55 yr old male patient with diabetic gangrene of
forefoot.
7. Discuss nosocomial infection and various measures for infection
control in surgery.
8. Discuss pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and management of
acute necrotizing fasciitis.
9. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, types, clinical features and
management of a case of tetanus.
10. Discuss the factors contributing to abdominal wound dehiscence
and the management.
11. Discuss the pathology and management of diabetic foot.
12. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of infection in a
surgical patient.
13. Discuss the surgical complications of diabetes mellitus. Discuss the
management of infected diabetic foot.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acid fast bacilli
2. Actinomycosis
3. AFB
4. AIDS
5. AIDS and surgeon
6. Amputation
7. Anaerobic infection
8. Antibiotic prophylaxis
9. Antibiotics in surgery
10. Bacteremia, septicaemia
11. Burst abdomen
12. Carbuncle
13. Cellulitis
14. Cephalic tetanus
15. Cephalosporins in intraabdominal sepsis
16. Clinical features and management of tetanus
17. Cross infections
18. Diabetic foot
19. Dracunculiasis
20. Dry gangrene
21. Empyema necessitans
22. Enteric fever
R
F
10
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F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation
2. Interferons
3. Liver transplantation
4. Monoclonal antibodies
5. Organ procurement
6. Renal transplantation and postoperative complications
7. Tissue typing
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify soft tissue sarcoma. Discuss the etiology, pathology, mode of
spread and management of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
2. Classify the tumors and cysts of mandible and briefly describe their
management.
3. Discuss lymphomas. Describe the clinical features, staging and
management of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
4. Discuss the benign pigmented lesions of skin and the management of
malignant melanoma.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Adamantinoma
2. Adenoma
3. Amoeboma
4. Angiosarcoma
12
Antibioma
APUD cell tumors
APUDomas
Basal cell carcinoma
Benign and malignant tumors
Benign tumors
Boil
Branchial sinus
Branchial cyst
Burkitts lymphoma
Carbuncle
Carcinoid tumor
Carcinoid tumour
Chancroid
Chordoma
Chronic sinus- chest wall
Classification of soft tissue sarcomas
Classify soft tissue sarcomas
Classify ulcers
Clinical features and diagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma
Cocks peculiar tumor
Cold abscess
Collar stud abscess
Complications of immunosuppresion
Compound palmar ganglion
Cystic hygroma
Cysts
Dercums disease
Dermofibrosarcoma protruberance
Dermoid cyst
Desmoid tumor
Electric burns
Fibroma
Fistulogram
Glomus tumor
Haemangioma
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F
13
Hamartoma
Hemangioma
Hiradinitis suppurativa
Hunners ulcer
Hypertrophic scar
Impetigo
Implantation dermoid
Kaposis sarcoma
Keloid
Lingual and sublingual dermoid.
Lipoma.
Lipoma arborescence.
Liposarcoma
Malignant tumors
Management of carcinoid tumor
Marjolins ulcer
Multiple myeloma
Neck swellings
Neuroblastoma
Neurofibroma
Non- Hodgkins lymphoma
Oncogenes
Plexiform neurofibroma
Potts puffy tumor
Pressure sores
Principles and management of soft tissue sarcomas
Raspberry tumor
Retention cyst
Rodent ulcer
Sebaceous cyst
Squamous cell carcinoma
Thyroglossal cyst
Thyroglossal fistula
TNM classification
Trophic ulcer
Tumor markers
R
F
14
LONG QUESTIONS
1. A 40 year old female patient is brought to the casualty department
with superficial to deep burns involving 55% of her body surface
area including the facial region. She weighs 65 kgs. Describe the
management of this patient in detail.
2. Changes in human body with 60 % burns.
3. Classify burns. Discuss the management of a case of acute burns.
4. Classify burns. What are the various synthetic and biologic
dressings for burns? Write the fluid resuscitation for a patient with
40% Burns.
5. Classify neavi. Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical features and
management of malignant melanoma.
6. Clinical features and role of immunotherapy in lower limb
melanoma.
7. Describe clinical varieties of malignant melanoma. Discuss
management of melanoma of sole of foot- stage IIb.
8. Describe the aetiology, pathology, clinical features and
management of cutaneous malignancies.
9. Describe the various types of skin grafting. Discuss merits and
demerits of each one of them.
10. Discuss clinical types, investigations and treatment of malignant
melanoma.
11. Discuss the changes in human body after 60% burns.
12. Discuss the etiology and management of malignant melanoma.
13. Discuss the patho-physiology of burns. How do you manage a case
of 40% burns?
14. Discuss type and mechanism of burn injury and local and general
effects.
15. Enumerate the pathology, clinical features, investigation and
management of malignant melanoma.
R
F
15
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Amelanotic melanoma
2. Basal cell carcinoma
3. BCC of face
4. Bed sore
5. Chemotherapy for melanoma
6. Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma
7. Complications of burns and management
8. Fluid therapy in burns
9. Full thickness skin graft (Wolfe)
10. Haemangioma
11. Isolated limb perfusion
12. Keloid
13. Lupus vulgaris
14. Malignant melanoma
15. Management of 45% burns in a 50kg lady
16. Marjolin ulcer
17. Melanoma of great toe
18. Myocutaneous flap
19. Pathology of skin tumors
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F
16
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify aneurysms. Discuss the etiology, clinical features and
management of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
2. Classify aneurysms. Enumerate the clinical features of abdominal
aortic aneurysms and write the management.
3. Define critical limb Ischemia (CLI). Discuss clinical features and
management of CLI in a 40 year old patient and symptoms of rest
pain and ulcer in the leg of 30 days duration. Add a note on bypass
procedures of the lower limb.
4. Describe gangrene. Discuss etiology, clinical features, investigations
and management of a patient with critical limb ischemia.
5. Discuss acute arterial occlusion in a lower limb.
6. Discuss arterial replacements.
7. Discuss percutaneous angioplasty.
8. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigation and treatment
of thromoboangitis obliterans.
9. Discuss the etiology, diagnosis and management of infra renal aortic
aneurysm.
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17
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Aneurysms
2. Angioplasty
3. Aortic dissection
4. Arterial reconstruction
5. Arteriovenous fistula
6. AV fistula
7. AV malformation
8. Balloon angioplasty
9. Buergers disease
10. Carotid body tumor
11. Carotid body tumour
12. Cirsoid aneurysm
13. Co-arctation of aorta
18
R
F
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify various veins. Discuss the surgical anatomy, pathophysiology,
complications and management of varicose veins.
2. Discuss etiology and management of DVT.
3. Discuss predisoposing factors, clinical features and management of
deep vein thrombosis.
4. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, investigations, treatment and
complications of varicose veins.
5. Discuss the clinical features and management of deep vein
thrombosis affecting the lower extremity.
6. Discuss the etio-pathogenesis, clinical features, prophylaxis and
management of deep vein thrombosis.
7. Discuss the management of varicose veins.
19
LONG QUESTIONS
1. A 30 year old made with painless progressive bulky lymph nodes in
left cervical and axillary region. Discuss the management.
2. Describe the pathogenesis and treatment of Hodgkins lymphoma.
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F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Burkitts lymphoma
2. Filarial lymphedema of lower limb
3. Hodgkins lymphoma- staging and classification
4. Lymphoedema
5. Lymphangiography
6. Lymphangitis
7. Lymphoedema and management
8. Lymphoedema of lower limb
9. Lymphoedema
10. T-lymphocyte
11. Tubercular lymphadenitis
20
16. MISCELLANEOUS
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Advantage and disadvantage of day care surgery in India
2. Day care surgery
3. Objectives of day care surgery
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify surgically correctable systemic hypertension and describe the
management.
2. Discuss the causes and management of surgically correctable
hypertension.
3. Discuss the etiopathology and management of excessive
postoperative bleeding.
4. Discuss the present day status of endoscopic surgery.
5. Discuss the recent trends in radiological imaging.
6. Discuss the role of radiological and para-radiological imaging
techniques in operative surgery.
7. List the use abuses and resultant complications of corticosteroid
administration in surgical patients.
8. What are the severe wound infections? Discuss clinical features,
investigations and management of tetanus.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. AFB
2. Antibiotic prophylaxis in cholecystectomy
3. Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
21
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F
22
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23
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify maxillofacial injuries. Discuss their management.
2. Describe the surgical anatomy of the tongue and discuss the
management of carcinoma of tongue stage I.I
3. Development of face. Cleft lip and palate- clinical features and
management
4. Discuss surgical anatomy of the tongue. Discuss management of a 57
yr old man who presents with 3cm lesion in the lateral border of the
tongue with hard jugulo-omohyoid lymph node. How do you
investigate and manage such case?
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. BCC
2. Carcinoma cheek
3. Carcinoma tongue
4. Cleft lip
5. Cleft lip and cleft palate
6. Cleft palate
24
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Ca floor of mouth.
2. Ca maxilla.
3. Ca palate.
4. Classify jaw tumors and discuss treatment of ca cheek.
5. Discuss pathology, clinical features and management of tumors of
jaw.
6. Fracture maxilla.
7. Lymphatic drainage and management of Ca tongue.
8. Oral carcinoma.
R
F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Adamantinoma
2. Ameloblastoma
3. Cancrum oris
4. Carcinoma maxillary antrum
5. Cysts of jaw
6. Dental cyst
7. Dentigerous cyst
8. Epistaxis
9. Epulis
25
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Differential diagnosis of ulcers of oral cavity.
2. Discuss premalignant oral lesions, the etiology, clinical presentations,
investigations and management of primary oral malignancies.
3. Discuss the differential diagnoses of ulcers in oral cavity. How do you
treat a case of T2N1M0 lesion of carcinoma tongue?
4. Discuss the etiology, staging, clinical features and management of
carcinoma tongue.
5. Discuss the recent advances and management of head and neck
malignancy.
6. Enumerate premalignant conditions of oral cavity. Describe the
pathology, clinical features and management of Ca Cheek.
7. Enumerate the premalignant conditions of oral cavity. Describe the
pathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma cheek.
8. What are the premalignant lesions of oral cavity? Discuss the
management of a case of T1N1M0 lesion of carcinoma cheek.
9. What are the various anatomic sites that constitute oral cancers?
Write the management of T3N2M0 of carcinoma of cheek.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Carcinoma cheek
2. Developmental anomalies of lip and palate
26
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Anatomy of parotid gland pathological classification of parotid
tumors and treatment.
2. Classify neoplasms of salivary glands. Write about carcinoma of
parotid gland and its management.
3. Classify parotid tumors. Discuss management of carcinoma parotid.
4. Classify parotid tumors. Discuss the treatment of adenoid cystic
carcinoma.
5. Classify salivary gland neoplasms. Discuss pleomorphic adenoma of
parotid gland.
6. Classify salivary gland tumors and management of parotid tumors.
7. Describe the international classification of salivary gland tumors.
Mention briefly the management of mixed parotid tumors.
8. Describe the surgical anatomy of parotid gland. Discuss the
management of salivary tumors.
9. Discuss in detail operative steps and treatment of submandibular
gland tumors.
10. Discuss malignant tumors of salivary gland.
11. Discuss salivary tumors. Describe clinical features, investigation and
management of adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid gland.
12. Discuss the pathological varieties and management of salivary gland
tumors.
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27
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28
LONG QUESTIONS
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Complications of tracheostomy
2. Endotracheal intubation
3. Laryngocoele
4. Laryngotomy
5. Management of recurrent laryngeal paralysis
6. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
7. Oropharyngeal airway
8. Pharyngeal diverticulum
9. Pharyngeal pouch
10. Pharyngocoele.
11. Quinsy
12. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
13. Retropharyngeal abscess
14. Trachea-esophageal fistulae (congenital)
15. Trachea-oesophageal fistula
16. Tracheostomy
17. Vocal cord palsy
22. NECK
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F
LONG QUESTIONS
1. 50 yr old male with painless progressive bulky lymph nodes in left
cervical & axillary region. Discuss the management.
2. Classify neck dissections. Discuss the indications, technique and
complications of radical neck dissection.
3. Cystic swellings in neck and management of thyroglossal cyst.
29
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F
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Adsons test
2. Branchial cyst
3. Branchial fistula
4. Carotid artery blow out
5. Carotid body tumour
6. Cervical block dissection
7. Cervical rib
8. Cold abscess
9. Collar stud abscess
10. Complications of tracheostomy
11. Criles block dissection
12. Cystic hygroma
13. Ludwigs angina
30
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Action of nodule in a goiter, investigation and management of
nodule of thyroid.
2. Anatomy of thyroid gland, various surgeries performed on it.
3. Classification and clinical features of thyroid carcinoma. Rationale of
hemithyroidectomy in papillary carcinoma.
4. Classify neoplasms of thyroid. Discuss clinical features and
management of papillary carcinoma of thyroid.
5. Classify thyroid malignancies. Discuss their diagnoses and
treatment.
6. Classify thyroid neoplasms. Discuss the management of solitary
thyroid nodule.
7. Clinical features of primary thyrotoxicosis and operative steps of
thyroidectomy.
8. Describe how you will proceed with investigation and management
of multinodular goiter in a female aged 40.
9. Describe the pathogenesis of solitary nodule in thyroid. Discuss the
management of hot nodule.
10. Discuss the etiology, clinical features, investigations and
management of multinodular goiter.
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31
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32
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33
Thyroglossal cyst
Thyroglossal fistula
Thyroid crisis
Thyroid scan
Thyroid storm
Toxic adenoma
Toxic nodule
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Anatomy, functions and indications for surgery on parathyroid
glands.
2. Calcium metabolism and parathyroids.
3. Causes of surgical hypertension and management of surgically
curable hypertension.
4. Classify adrenal tumours & discuss presentations of adrenal cortical
tumour & its management.
5. Classify hyperparathroidism and discuss the clinical features,
investigations, differential diagnosis and management.
6. Classify multiple endocrine neoplasia. Describe the pathology,
clinical features and management of hyperparathyroidism.
7. Clinical features and biochemical changes and management of
pheochromocytcoma.
8. Clinical features, investigations and management of Cushings
syndrome.
9. Describe clinical features, investigations and management of
Cushings syndrome.
10. Describe clinical features, investigations and management of
pheochromocytoma.
11. Describe embryology of the parathyroid glands. Describe
management of 20 years old girl with suspected
hyperparathyrodism.
12. Discuss the pathology, diagnosis and management of
hyperparathyroidism.
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25. BREAST
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify benign tumours of breast. How will you manage a breast
lump 2x3 cm in middle aged women?
36
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37
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Aberrations of development and involution of breast
2. Advanced ca breast
3. ANDI
4. Benign breast diseases
5. Benign breast lesion
6. Breast abscess
7. Breast biopsy
8. Breast cystic conditions
9. Cyclical mastalgia
38
Cyclical mastalgia
Cystic lesions of breast
Cystosarcoma phylloides
Danazol
Duct ectasia
Duct papilloma of breast
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Familial breast cancer
Fat necrosis
Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenosis
Fibrocystic disease of breast
Galactocele
Giant fibroadenoma of breast
Gynaecomastia
Hormonal therapy in ca breast
Hormone receptors of breast
Inflammatory breast disease
Lobular carcinoma of breast
Lymphatic drainage of breast
Mammography
Mammoplasty
Mastalgia
Mondors disease
Nipple discharge-significance
Oestrogen
Pagets disease of nipple
Pathology of Pagets disease of nipple
Phylloides tumour
Plasma cell mastitis
Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction
Risk factors of breast malignancy
Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoma breast
Role of hormone therapy in breast carcinoma
Role of ultrasonography in breast disease
Screening for carcinoma breast
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39
Stage II ca breast
Staging of carcinoma breast
Stereotactic wide local excision of breast
Systemic therapy in carcinoma breast
TB breast
Triple assessment
26. THORAX
LONG QUESTIONS
1. A 30 yr old male brought to the casualty with multiple rib fractures
following a road traffic accident. Discuss the management.
2. Describe the etiology, clinical signs and symptoms of hydatid
disease of the lung.
3. Describe briefly the principles of evaluation, planning and
management of chest injuries.
4. Describe the aetiology, pathology, and management of
bronchogenic carcinoma.
5. Describe the anatomical basis of thoracic outlet syndrome. How will
you investigate and treat such a patient?
6. Describe the anatomy of lymph nodes in the chest. What are the
surgical conditions arising from them? Discuss the differential
diagnosis of mediastinal tumours. What is the pathology &
management of non-hodgkins lymphoma?
7. Describe the components and complications of chest injury in blunt
trauma and its management.
8. Describe the development of diaphragm. Discuss the diagnosis and
management of diaphragmatic hernias.
9. Describe the mechanism of injury, clinical features, and
management of chest trauma.
10. Describe the pathophysiology of hiatus hernia. Describe the
common surgical procedures adopted in the management of hiatus
hernia.
11. Describe the surgical anatomy of the thoracic diaphragm. Discuss
the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
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40
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. ARDS (shock lung)
2. Bronchogenic carcinoma
41
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42
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Describe the disorders that affect the aortic bifurcation and indicate
their management.
SHORT QUESTIONS
2. ASD
3. Balloon transluminal angioplasty
4. Cardiac tamponade
5. Cardiospasm
6. Chronic pericarditis
7. Coarctaction of aorta
8. Coronary artery bypass
9. Discuss percutaneous angioplasty
10. Etiology and management of cardiac arrest
11. Fogarty catheter
12. IABP
13. Myocardial revascularization
14. Patent ductus arteriosus
15. PDA
16. Pericardiectomy
17. Prosthetic valve disease
18. Restorative end aneurysmorrhaphy
19. TOF
20. VSD
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28. ANASTOMOSES
LONG QUESTIONS
43
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Access loop in bilio enteric anastamosis
2. End to end anastomosis
3. Factors responsible for anastomotic leak and how will you prevent it
4. Staplers in GI surgery
5. Types of anastamosis
29. OESOPHAGUS
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Anatomy of lower end of oesophagus and management of GERD.
2. Anatomy of oesophagus, management of middle 1/3rd carcinoma
oesophagus.
3. Causes of upper GI bleed; management of variceal bleeding.
4. D/D of 40 yr old patient presenting with dysphagia. Discuss clinical
features and management of achalasia cardia.
5. Describe currently available endoscopic methods of control in nonvariceal bleed from upper G.I tract.
6. Describe the surgical anatomy of esophagus. Discuss the motility
disorders.
7. Discus the causes and management of upper GI bleed.
8. Discuss dysphagia due to benign causes.
9. Discuss non-shunt operations in management of bleeding
oesophageal varices.
10. Discuss non-surgical methods of control of upper GI haemorrhage.
11. Discuss the advances in management of hematemesis.
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48
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49
Trichobezoar
Vagotomy
Volvulus of stomach
ZE syndrome
31. LIVER
LONG QUESTIONS
1. 45 yr old man with space occupying lesion (8cms in diameter) in left
lobe of liver. Discuss the management.
2. A 45yr old casual labourer who is alcoholic presents with a
hypochondrial mass. What is the differential diagnosis that you can
offer on clinical examination? Would you proceed to investigate &
treat a patient with liver mass?
3. A child two years old is having a lump in right abdomen moving
with respiration - discuss the diagnosis and management.
4. Anatomy of portal system, etiopathogenesis of portal hypertension.
5. Causes of portal hypertension, cardinal clinical features and outline
surgical management.
6. Classify liver trauma, elaborate the complications and discuss the
management.
7. Describe anatomy of portal system and etio-pathology of portal
hypertension. Discuss the non-shunt surgical procedures in
management of portal HTN.
8. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and clinical features and
management of parasitic cysts of liver.
9. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and its value in hepatic
resection.
10. Describe segmental anatomy of liver and pre-op workup towards
hepatic resection for primary carcinoma.
11. Describe the anatomy of liver with reference to classical liver
resection and discuss indication of liver resection.
12. Describe the clinical features, investigations and management of
liver injuries.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Access loop in bilio-enteric anastomosis
2. Anomalies of GB
3. Benign biliary strictures
4. Biliary atresia
5. Biliary fistula
6. Biliary strictures
7. Biochemical changes in jaundice
8. Carolis disease
9. CBD stricture
10. Cholangiogram
11. Cholecystogram
12. Choledochal cyst
13. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
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33. SPLEEN
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Causes, clinical features of injury of spleen and surgical management.
2. Describe the anatomy and discuss the conservative management of
splenic rupture
3. Discuss the clinical features and management of splenic injuries. Add
a note on splenorraphy.
4. Discuss the etiology, signs and symptoms and management of splenic
rupture.
5. Discuss the indications for splenectomy and describe the steps for
emergency splenectomy.
6. Indications for splenectomy and management of haemolytic anemia.
7. Surgical alternatives to splenectomy.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Complications of splenectomy
2. Hereditary spherocytosis
3. Hypersplenism
4. Indications for splenectomy
5. Management of splenic injury
6. OPSI
7. Rupture spleen
8. Spleenenculi
9. Splenic artery aneurysm
10. Splenomegaly
11. Splenic rupture
12. Splenic trauma
13. Tropical splenomegaly
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acute pancreatitis
2. Annular pancreas
3. Blunt injury pancreas
4. Childs criteria
5. Chronic pancreatitis
6. Complications of acute pancreatitis
7. Cysts of pancreas
8. Diagnosis and management of annular pancreas
9. Endocrine tumours of pancreas
10. ERCP
11. Glucagonoma
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Insulinoma
Islet cell tumors
Management of pseudocyst of pancreas
MRCP
Pancreatic calculi
Pancreatic function tests
Pancreaticolithiasis
Pancreatic transplant
Pancreaticoduodenal injuries
Periampullary carcinoma
Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis
Pseudo pancreatic cysts
Pseudocyst of pancreas
Role of contrast CT in acute pancreatitis
Surgical complications of DM
Treatment of chronic pancreatitis
Tropical pancreatitis
WDHA syndrome
Whipples procedure
Zollinger Ellisons syndrome
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Anomalies of intestinal rotation.
2. Causes of strangulated intestinal obstruction and management of
mesenteric vascular obstruction.
3. Classify intestinal obstruction. Discuss the differential diagnosis and
management of acute intestinal obstruction in a 70 yr old man.
4. Clinical features, pathology and management of small bowel
obstruction.
5. Describe clinical features, etiology and management of acute
intestinal obstruction.
6. Discuss clinical features, diagnosis and management of acute
mesenteric artery thrombosis.
7. Discuss the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations,
complications and management of intestinal obstruction.
8. Discuss the anomalies of intestinal rotation.
9. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and management of acute intestinal
obstruction.
10. Discuss the management of ileus.
11. Discuss the management of intestinal obstruction developing in early
post operative period.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acute intussusception
2. Angiodysplasia of colon
3. Complication of inflammatory bowel diseases
4. Duodenal perforation
5. Etiology of colon cancer
6. Fecal fistulas
7. Gallstone obstruction
8. Ileo ileal intussusception
9. Intestinal duplication
10. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
11. Meconium ileus
12. Paralytic ileus
13. Pseudoobstruction
14. Sigmoid volvulus
15. Volvulus neonatorum
38. APPENDIX
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the complications that may follow appendicectomy.
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39. RECTUM
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Anatomy of rectum and anal canal. Discuss etiology, pathogenesis
and management of rectal prolapse.
2. Causes of bleeding per rectum, clinical features and management of
carcinoma middle third rectum.
3. Classify ano-rectal anomalies and their management.
4. Define rectal prolapsed. Discuss merits and demerits of various
procedures.
5. Describe pathophysiology of prolapse rectum. Evaluate indications
and advantages of different surgical procedures done for prolapse
rectum.
6. Describe the etiology and management of rectosigmoid carcinoma.
7. Describe the surgical anatomy of rectum giving particular emphasis
to the sphincters.
8. Discuss the anatomical basis and management of prolapsed rectum.
9. Discuss the management of ano-rectal malformation.
10. Discuss the management of carcinoma rectum.
11. Discuss the management of massive bleeding per rectum.
12. Discuss the pathology, clinical features and management of early
rectosigmoid growth.
13. Discuss the recent trends in management of carcinoma of rectum.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Anal incontinence
2. Anal manometry
3. Anal sphincters
4. Anatomy of anal sphincter
5. Anorectal malformations
6. Anterior resection
7. Barium enema
8. Chemical sphincterotomy for anal fissure
9. Chronic Fissure- in- ano
10. Current trends in the management of acute fissure- in- ano
11. Fissure- in- ano
12. Fistula- in- ano
13. Goodsalls rule
14. Haemorrhoids
15. Hematochezia
16. Hemorrhoids
17. High Anal fistulae
18. Imperforate anus
19. Lateral anal sphincterotomy
20. Lords Operation
21. Management of fistula-in-ano
22. Non-surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
23. Peri-anal suppurations
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify hernias. Discuss different treatment modalities for each type
of hernia.
2. Describe different variety of ventral hernias of abdomen and
indication for Shouldice repair.
3. Describe the types and clinical features and management of hiatal
hernia.
4. Describe the various umbilical hernias and discuss their
management.
5. Describe umbilical hernia and management of obstructed umbilical
hernia.
6. Describe various types of hiatus hernia. Mention briefly
investigations and management.
7. Discuss surgical anatomy, differential diagnosis, complication and
management of a case of femoral hernia
8. Discuss surgical anatomy of inguinal canal. Discuss briefly factors
responsible for recurrence of hernia.
9. Discuss the development of diaphragm. What are the various
hernias of diaphragm?
10. Discuss the development of femoral hernia. Describe the
management of strangulated femoral hernia.
11. Discuss the factors contributing to abdominal wound dehiscence
and its management.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Abdominal compartment syndrome
2. Abdominal incisions
3. Burst abdomen (wound dehiscence) - prevention and treatment
4. Causes of recurrent hernia
5. Classify inguinal hernia
6. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
7. Cystic lesions in femoral triangle
8. Desmoid tumor
9. Diaphragmatic hernia
10. Exomphalos
11. Femoral canal
12. Gastroschisis
13. Giant Scrotal hernia
14. Hiatus hernia
15. Inguinal hernioplasty
16. Interstitial hernia
17. Large abdominal hernia
18. Littres Hernia
19. Maydls hernia
20. Omphalocele
21. Pantaloon hernia
22. Raspberry tumour
23. Retroperitoneal tumors
24. Richters hernia
25. Sliding hernia
26. Spigelian hernia
27. Surgical Anatomy of Anterior Abdominal wall
28. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
2. Current position of non-biliary laparoscopic surgery.
3. Discuss laparoscopic surgical procedures for obesity.
4. Laparoscopic surgery- its present status.
5. Role of diagnostic laparoscopy.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Advantages of laparoscopic operations
2. Complications of laparoscopy
3. Complications peculiar to laparoscopic operations
4. Current position of non-biliary laparoscopic surgery
5. Diagnostic laparoscopy
6. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
7. Laparoscopic appendicectomy
8. Laparoscopy
9. Limitations of minimal access surgery
10. Non-Biliary Laparoscopic Surgery
11. Principles of laparoscopic surgery
12. Principles of port placements in laparoscopic surgery
13. Pros and Cons of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Arthroscopy
2. Avascular necrosis of femoral head
3. Brodie Trendelenberg test
4. Brodies abscess
5. Chronic shoulder dislocation
6. Classification of fracture maxilla
7. Claw hand
8. Colles fracture
9. Compartment syndrome
10. Complications of supra-condylar fracture of elbow
11. Congenital dislocation of the hip
12. CTEV
13. Factors causing non-union of fracture
14. Fat embolism
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Chronic osteomyelitis.
2. Discuss the anatomy of ulnar bursa. How do you manage a case of
ulnar bursa infection?
3. Potts paraplegia.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Arthroscopy
2. Charcots joint
3. Chronic osteomyelitis
4. Cold abscess
5. Congenital talipes equino varus
6. Frozen shoulder
7. Glenohumeral joint instability
8. Osteomyelitis
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify bone tumors and discuss the investigations and management
of metastatic bone tumor of femur in a 55yr old woman.
2. Classify bone tumors. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis and
management of osteogenic sarcoma of the lower end of femur.
3. Classify bone tumors. Discuss the clinical features, investigations and
advances in the management of osteosarcoma.
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Bone metastasis
2. Chondrosarcoma
3. Management of osteoclastoma
4. Multiple Exostosis (Diaphyseal aclasis)
5. Osteoclastoma
6. Osteogenic sarcoma
7. Osteosarcoma
8. Pathology of Ewings Tumour
9. Pathology of Osteoclastoma
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LONG QUESTIONS
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Clinical features, management and role of immunotherapy in lower
limb malignant melanoma.
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Discuss Potts paraplegia
2. Discuss the management of fractures of spine.
3. Discuss the pathology clinical features and management of spinal
cord tumors.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Management of meningomylocele
2. Management of TB spine
3. Management of traumatic paraplegia
4. Meningocele
5. Spina bifida
6. Spinal cord tumors
7. TB spine
8. Traumatic paraplegia
9. Tuberculosis of the spine
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acoustic neuroma
2. Anatomy of radial nerve
3. Axonotemesis
4. Bells palsy
5. Carpal Tunnel syndrome
6. Classification and management of nerve injuries
7. Dermatomes
8. Entrapment neuropathy
9. Erbs palsy
10. Facial Nerve injury
11. Horners Syndrome
12. Median nerve compression at the wrist
13. Median nerve injury
14. Meralgia Paraesthetica
15. Nerve grafting
16. Nerve injuries- different types and management of radial nerve
injury
17. Nerve injuries of the upper limb
18. Nerve repair
19. Neuralgia paraesthetica
20. Neurolysis
21. Neuropraxia
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Phantom limb
Progressive weakness of hand
Radial nerve injury
Surgery in Leprosy
Trigeminal neuralgia
Ulnar nerve compression
Wrist drop
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Classify brain tumors. Describe surgical technique of suboccipital
craniotomy for exploration of posterior cranial fossa tumors. Discuss
the relative advantages and disadvantages of various patient
positions used for exploration of posterior cranial fossa.
2. Classify hydrocephalus. Discuss investigation and management of a
case.
3. Define head injury. Discuss the aetiology and clinical features. How
will you investigate and manage a case of head injury in a 10 year old
child.
4. Describe anatomical covering of brain how do you evaluate and
manage head injuries.
5. Discuss chronic subdural hematoma.
6. Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
7. Discuss the injuries of brain, investigations and management in brief.
8. Discuss the management of a patient with severe head injury.
9. Discuss the mechanism of head injury. Discuss the clinical features,
investigations and management of intracranial haemorrhage after
head injury.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acute subdural hematoma
2. Berry aneurysms
3. Brain death
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. 40 yr old with left renal mass and hypertension. Discuss the
management.
2. Classify renal tumors. Discuss clinical features and management of
RCC.
3. Classify renal tumors. Describe the clinical features and
management of hypernephroma.
4. Classify renal tumors. Discuss in detail the clinical features,
investigations and management of renal cell carcinoma.
5. Describe development of kidney ureter and their congenital
anomalies.
6. Describe the clinical features and management of Grawitz tumor.
7. Describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of unilateral
hydronephrosis
8. Describe the pathology, clinical features and management of Wilms
tumor.
9. Describe various types of urolithiasis. How do you manage a case of
renal calculi?
10. Discuss causes of unilateral hydronephrosis. How do you manage a
case of congenital hydronephrosis?
11. Discuss genito-urinary tuberculosis.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Accidental ligation of both ureters
2. Acute pyelonephritis
3. Autonephrectomy
4. Complications of renal transplantion
5. Congenital abnormalities of kidney
6. Development of genitourinary system
7. Dietels crisis
8. E.S.W.L
9. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWL)
10. Genito urinary TB
11. Hematuria
12. Horse shoe kidney
13. Hydronephrosis
14. Hyperchloremic acidosis
15. Indication and methods of urinary diversion
16. Indication of renal transplant
17. IVP
18. Lithotripsy
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Autonomous Bladder
2. Bladder calculi
3. Bladder diverticulae
4. Bladder stone
5. Bladder tumours
6. Causes of bladder outlet obstruction
7. Continent urinary diversion
8. Ectopia vesicae
9. Extravasation of urine
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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Causes of hematuria. How do you manage a case of urethral injury?
2. Classify and discuss the management of urethral injuries.
3. Describe the etiology, clinical features and management of ruptured
urethra.
4. Discuss the premalignant conditions, clinical features and
management of carcinoma penis.
5. Discuss urethral injuries.
6. Etiology, pathogenesis and management of carcinoma penis.
7. Mention the pre-malignant conditions of the penis. Write the clinical
features and management of carcinoma of penis. Add a note on
inguinal block dissection.
8. Types of urethral rupture. Discuss management of case of traumatic
rupture of urethra.
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acute retention of urine
2. Bowens disease
3. Buschke-Lowenstein tumour
4. Chyluria
5. Circumcision
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SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Acute prostatitis
2. BPH
3. Carcinoma of the prostate
4. Male infertility
5. Management of benign prostatic enlargement
6. Prostatectomy procedure
7. Prostatic calculi
8. PSA
9. Recanalisation of Vas Deferens
10. Surgical approaches to prostate
11. Surgical management of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
12. TURP
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