Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SHORT GUIDE TO
SYRIA
War Department.
Southern Methodist
University
DALLAS, TEXAS
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Ancient Land
The
Holy
Land
"
Syrians
r4
15
......
29
35
37
Don'ts
Glossary
41
45
5
YOUR UNIT
If
If
You, an American
fighting
soldier, are
tramped across
this
now one
two thousand
past
of the countless
years,
who
have
Napoleon
all
have
Here two
great religions
Christianity
and Judaism
sprang up. Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, Roman, Turkish and European civilizations have left a mark on Syria's
sparsely inhabited lands.
And
of Crusaders from
who
And
waves
posses-
Hitler,
job
a
is
war
to
make
much
of ideas, just as
because
this
as of tanks, planes
is
and
is
War
in Syria,
Of Ideas.
and
why
He's
this
tried
and the
British occupied
friends.
tried,
From
ways
of the
to beat the
Moslem world,
Axis
to
is
religious
way
Then
oil fields
the British
and pipe
lines
Your coming
will be
welcome
American mandate
to Syrians.
protection.
at the
make
serious mistakes, if you don't learn a little something about Syrians and their ways of doing things. This
pamphlet will help to give you a quick picture of Syria
it
the
to
kindle a
They hoped
North African
Moslems, deeply
is
all
the
coast.
religious,
know
that
as well as to others.
of
in
Moslem
effective
And
character
In fact, at
across the
Christians.
One
guns.
That's
This
good reputation
WHEN
to the Mediterranean,
it,
for centuries,
silks, spices,
and
and start on through the Red Sea to India. And that ditch
was opened only in November 1869, after nearly to years
of hard work by the French engineer, deLcsseps.
Before then, and since the days of the Phoenicians, the
long, dangerous, costly route was from Syria, through
Iraq down the Persian Gulf to India. Then Sidon was the
great Eastern Mediterranean port from which the Phoenician traders sailed to the Atlantic and even to Britain.
Today, Sidon and its sister city Tyre are only small ports
throughout Syria.
In their place
is
Beirut (bay-Roor)
and Latakia
The
Beirut
is
American
has had considerable influence
Latakia, despite
its
(lat-tah-KEt-ya).
in the
spread of education
still
Its
The Coastal
CitfeS.
In these thriving
a few
of
The Oldest
City in
Mountains,
to the east,
is
Back
the World.
wide
of
the
Lebanon
valley,
is
desert.
But here,
Damascus, reputed
peoples.
Baptist, revered alike by Christian and Moslem
world.
the
in
structures
It is one of the most magnificent
Costly
rugs cover
its
supported by marble
vast stone
floor
and
its
roof
is
pillars.
to
On
small,
io-foot
platforms,
in
front
of
and
each
on
always going
The
and
and gossip
what not.
the Moslems in Damascus
coffee free,
crops or politics or
the famous
Moslem,
10
but
still
contains
the
shrine
of
John
the
11
Rural incomes
THE SYRIANS
You'll see a lot of the cities and their people, but it's the
desert and the desert folk that give flavor to the land.
THE
desert
beyond
flaps of
bread
is
is
finest
examples of
And
their
wooden plow
soil
soil
is
of
conwell
method
one of the
who sometimes
till
control several or
more
villages
and
coffee, sugar,
eats astonishingly
in Syria
12
manages
it.
The
average farmer
and has
little left
over.
Translation
THERE
is
SOME
know a
little
of
little
English,
it
is
is
tween countries in these regions both in the use of certain words and in the way they are pronounced. But these
differences are easy
polite salutations
to
they
THE
doing
if
they
if
If
German agents among their tribes. If they disthe Germans might arm them and give us a lot
rid of the
like us,
of grief.
to learn
them our
You
14
if
don't.
how
to get along
it
is
so important for
friends.
can do
this chiefly
by treating them
politely,
to
and
The
Syrians
politeness. If a
laugh.
It is his
Americans
make
man
way
certain to misunderstand
and word would spread rapidly, as it does among people who don't read and who
rely on gossip for information, that Americans hit people
on the jaw. Besides, it is dangerous. Syrians, like most
it
know how
It
is
it is
to use knives.
one thing
to issue
Manners, Private.
attention to
16
pie see
important.
You
Manners, PuhliC.
distinguish
manners from
ian customs
their
will find
it
difficult
sometimes to
religious practices.
Many
Syr-
Moslems live
than most of us do.
religion
far
more
intensely
places,
forms of address
customary.
It is
life
of these people.
They do not trade just for the money, but to meet with
people, learn their ways, practice their own skills and
When
in
Rome, do
as the
Romans
A few things to
see
judgments.
To
bargain intelligently
you
may
is
to
show under-
to pay. If
from
is
The
result of
and friendship.
such contacts
It
is
something
presence.
Even
Women.
You
to.
Moslem women
in the
com-
company
absurd to him.
or eat pork.
ticularly,
as
It
just
demands
women
spend at
greater part of their time they
of their
own
families. It
is
home and
in the
considered a very
19
18
serious
women. So even
not see
if
In public,
has occasion to
her
inquire
to a
about the
home, you
veiled. If a
will
woman
veil
trouble,
you anywhere.
Prostitutes
streets,
but
more or
by
itself
and recognized by
its
veiled
is
is
Moslem
live in a semi-
people,
to themselves, are a
for
their
proud and
daring and
bravery in warfare.
Mohammed
the
religion
founded by Mo-
is
the
not God.
Allah
is
All true
Moslems observe
Ramadan
is
month
of fasting called
begins September
12.
In 1943,
it
will
1942,
be about
after
hammed
and
The
the people
who
follow
it
religion
is
called Islam
2.
Prayer
3.
Giving of alms.
4.
Fast of
5.
Pilgrimage to Mecca.
five
PROPHET.
five
moment
hesitations
or refusals without
They cannot be
short during the strains of this month.
them. Respect
on
easy
go
So
efficiently.
work
expected to
the observance of their holiday.
To
we are fighting
gious discussion or argument. After all,
of "live and let live."
this war to preserve the principle
of prayer.
all
to be
persuasion. Any drawing of blood at this time is
innosebleed
or
scratch
accidental
an
avoided. Even
serious
have
may
unbeliever
an
by
Moslem
flicted on a
tempers are
consequences. Remember that the Moslems'
mosque.
They bow
in the direction
dark. Respect
times a day.
Ramadan.
Moslems pray
are at the
the
earlier.
MeCC3,
The
fifth
important
ritual of
Moslem religion is
Moslems that
the pilgrimage to
Mecca. So
vital is this to
Damascus
to
in 1901
and completed
subscriptions by
in 1909,
the faithful
was
from
all
built entirely
from
over Islam to
make
23
22
No
"unbeliever"
HOW
Get Along
tO
farming
in
On
the Villages.
district, there
regard to introductions.
entering a village or
No
matter
how
ment, the leader should find out whether or not the area
is controlled by a landlord, called a "malik il-ard"
(maa-
hk H ard).
If so,
his cooperation
he should
and
call
friendliness.
If
the area
is
controlled
Every
lord, has
tahr).
village,
its
On
call at his
man
Moslem
You
himself
If
he cannot
known
to the
village, or the
make
house.
"imam" ( i-MAAM )
or "sheikh" (shaykh) in
If
will
know
tians
and Moslems. In
own
all
probability, each
If
group has
its
group more
If
equal respect.
The
friendliness
largely
who
on
sheikh, or priest.
authority
village.
that the
and
are
They
the
the
the
will get
influential
depend
citizens
members
of the com-
village
village possesses a
local
can usually
tell
Moslem
leaders
would be considered a
ill
serious breach
will of the
of
whole
25
person
(naa-toor).
is
the
village
The watchmen
are
on the
local
he
Do
is
very slim.
Do
fuel.
Learn
to use this.
is
2G
27
The
tribesmen
lift
proud possession.
THE climate of
Southern California.
like that of
The
is
good deal
but not cold, with some rain, while the summers are
warm and
Lebanon
Back
Mountains (remember the cedars of Lebanon in the
of the coastal plains stand the forested
Skiing
This
"Rain
is
valley,
Wheat and
Arab
is
proverb
however,
is
and
fertile
its
well
cultivated.
principal crops.
much
rainfall. It
is
a fitting
and
it
is
because of
its
all
unfriendly
is
not like
28
States
stony
with waterholes
soil
T$ipd_
to
is
the United
Nations, because
across
as the
it
your head.
as the top of
neck as well
If
too.
it
The days
The
In general, Syria
Sanitary Conditions.
try.
It
we
a healthful coun-
is
in
many
as the
sanitary condi-
be neglected.
Still,
known
little
serious illness.
Keep your
in Syria. In this
when you
are in the
kind of a climate
it
is
summer sun
very easy to
let
But next
and
possibly fever and delirium. It is not necessary to wear
a sun helmet; a service hat is usually sufficient. But whatday you are likely to wake up with black
it.
blisters
properly
is
cities
There is
river
open
not
the
(though
Damascus
of Beirut and
water in the latter city, which is impure).
Avoid eating unwashed lettuce and other raw un-
chlorinated.
washed
vegetables.
made
hat on
it
in sanitation.
little
cities,
Wash raw
away from
If
flies
or by
them
human
contact.
Keep
all
con-
food
flies.
you keep
to these rules
you
will
mon
before
taminated by
fruits or peel
diseases in Syria. If
It
will find
it
easy to obtain
31
Do not drink
Malaria
unboiled milk
at
is
any time.
It
is
carried by a
Syrian Currency.
particular
all
possible, stay
away from
can't
do
this,
legs covered,
is
prevalent in
oil will
give
known
as
Venereal disease
The
rate of
is
ratios.
The
which
principal unit of
is
worth 46^
is
fairly
widespread
in
Syria.
most
These are some general health suggestions. Your mediand sanitary officers will give you others.
An
below.
easy
way
to
is
to
an American cent.
1
Don't
The
a light
take chances.
in
is
especially at dusk.
ening.
to
pound
U. S.
(mo
piastres)
= 46C
{called "1
piastres
fra?ic")~
2( U. S.
50 piaslreS=2J<f U. S.
25 pitislrrs= 110 U. S.
10 piastres^ U. S.
I
Yz
piastre Vii U. S.
piastre '/^ U. S
cal
Palestinian Currency.
will also
In
know something
about
of Palestinian currency
is
some
you
The
its
value, too.
is
in
principal unit
which
American money and is
mil
34
is
worth about
half of
table
35
below
will give
exchange of
rates of
pound
(j ,000
u. s.
100 wih40^ u.
of our acres.
mils) ~ S4.00
10 mils=4<? U.
s.
S.
5 mils=2i U. S.
mils=oM U. S.
1 mil J-iC U. S.
50 nnIs=2oC U. S.
20 mils if. U. S.
system.
So
is
time when
cal-
Moslem
to the next
Ramadan
will occur.
Ramadan
the
is
Moslem
unit
The
length
of
in
(meet-ur). which
our yard.
The
is
the
metric system
metric
system
is
which
is
is
used for
is
the
all
The
in Syria.
(fyll-oh-meet-ur),
"meter"
more than
the "kilometer"
1,000 meters or
(a
little
The
tair),
which
varies
is
local
square measure
is
the
"dunum"
(du-
2M
local
from one
measure
is
locality to another.
It
This unit
5 14 to 6V2 pounds.
liter
is
little
of
SOME IMPORTANT
DO'S
Never smoke
If
loiter.
Keep
when Moslems
silent
are praying
and don't
never religion or
stare.
women
with Moslems.
Remember
modest people
in their presence.
36
37
When
never
with your
left,
even
let
it
the
women and
in the
bowl
what
first
in
if
Moslems.
Moslems refuse to eat meat which you
in front of
They
hand,
in
The
Syrians are
it,
if
of race prejudice.
they like
No
matter
how
it.
his
health.
of
Moslems.
If
it
sweets
or cigarettes.
before entering a house.
If a
woman
answers,
retire.
On
ofler.
Knock
it.
Talk Arabic
pork products.
Be pleasant
When
ignore
more coming.
Don't give Moslems food containing pork, bacon or
cooked
Be kind to- beggars. They are mostly honest unforGive them some small change occasionally.
or five
lard, or
third
tunates.
children.
The
on the ground.
your welcome.
is
quartered there.
fall
he takes
floor in a Syrian
SO.
house
it is
good idea
when you
visit
to
polite.
Good manners
are
essential
among
the
39
38
Syrians.
Be hospitable
Bargain on
callers.
prices.
to Syrians
whenever
Don't
let
possible.
Do
shopkeepers or merchants
THESE
to the Arabic
tea.
occasions.
is
an
And
unofficial
records.
Arabic
spoken over
a great area in
Near
derstood
is
East.
There
are
Syria
Trans-Jordania and
you won't be able to read Arabic signs and newspapers you will see. That is because they use a different
alphabet from ours. Therefore, the instructions and vocabulary below are not based on the written Arabic
lanthat
41
not contain
but
it
will
AU
equals
"first".)
e or
equals
are a
few simple
EE
2.
Vowels.
English by
i,
and you
equals
of sounds
we
represent
equals
equals
will
equals
AY
equals
WE-led meaning
equals
the
if
the
man you
get you at
first,
equals
OO
equals
NAH-'am meaning
but
Al-tva meaning
ay
daybut
ai
the
WAYN
stretch
it.
(Example: ya-
"sir.")
(Example:
pit.
"madam.")
ya-SIT
the o in go
but stretch it.
SOL-yti meaning "beans.")
the oo in boot but stretch
meaning
(Example:
fa-
it.
(Example:
tS-ma% meaning "what is your name.")
the u in put. (Example: u'-ZUR-ni meaning
u or
"excuse me.")
UH
equals
the
arc
try
sounding it
pronounced that way. There is no fixed
is
rule. You'll just have to listen and learn.
(Example: tif-HAM-ni meaning "do you
understand me.")
the a in demand but stretch (lengthen) it.
(Example: WAA-hid meaning "one.")
the a in jather
but stretch it. (Example:
the
in
but
meaning
ii
in but.
ing "please,")
it
in
aisle
stretch
it.
(Example:
stretch
it.
(Example:
in
meaning "where.")
The
Consonants.
consonants are
them
all
just as
to learn
li
small h
small
kh
is
is
if.
pronounced
spit.
gh
"yes.")
42
or
uh or
have no trouble.
"yes.")
AI
follow
AH
(Example:
SHOO
AA
pet.
the rr in feet
in small letters.
equals
SlLE-di
unaccented syllables
in
in
"boy.")
the
and speaking.
Here
the our in
as
when
pronounced
It is like
to this
like
it
on
kh except
/)
on
to
the records.
that
it.
43.
is
like the sh in
is
always pronounced
LIST OF
show.
HERE
is
need
will
list
Arabic.
in
You should
these by heart.
words and phrases included on the Arabic
language records, and appear here in the order they occur
on the records.
They
are the
English
Sir
ya SEE-di
Madam
Miss
AA-ni-sa
mm-FUHD-
man)
a
(to
woman)-
min-
FVHD-lik,
help
AND VICTORY
is
IS
from god
NEAR
Please
son)
Excuse
(to
per-
min-FVHD-il-l(im>
me
(to
man)
'-
ZUR-tii
Excuse
NAH-'am
No LAA'
Do you understand
HAM-ni
Yes
lak.
Please
ya SIT
Please (to a
PhfMM
Translation
learn
me
woman)
u'-
zur-EE-ni
Excuse me (to more than one
person)
u'-zur-OO-ni
lif-
A-na wish
don't understand-
FAA-him
Please
(to a
me
speak
FVHD-lak.
Ih-ki
min
SHWAI
SHWA1
45
Location
Where
WAYN
is
the
restaurant If AYN
station
railroad
WAYN
,1-ma-HAT-la
it-
MAT-'am
toilet
WAYN BAYT
lil-ya-
MEEN
Distances
equals
are
given
in
point
DUGH-ri
mitt
not
miles.
FUHD-lali,
One
kilometer
?i of a mile.
Kilometers
kilometers
mit-RAAT
Ten kilometers
eleven
of the
counting
is
Eleven
kilometer
k,ee-lo-MI-tir
on,
kilometers"
all
in
one word.
Two
kilometers k"-lo-mil-
KjYN
Three kilometers TLAAT &c-
h-mit-RAAT
46
the
same
use in.
ifi-DA'SH
kilometers
Flve
AR-ba
\ee-lo-
kilometersKHAMS far-
lo-mii-RAAT
SixSIT-t,
Seven SAB- 'a
EightTMAA-m
NineTIS-'a
Tcn'ASH-ra
kilometers
ti-si'-
kt-lo-Ml-lir
kilometers
'iih-REEN
kee-h-MI-tir
"twenty-one,"
"thirtytwo," and so forth, you add the
simple form of the numbers to
the
words
for
just
as
"twenty"
and
we sometimes
kilometers
Twelve
it-NA'SH
kilometers
k,ee-lo-MI-tir
Fourteen
TA'SH
Fifteen
TA SH
Sixteen
kilometers
tla-TEEN
kilometer s
u-lla-TEEN
Ml-tir
Forty kilometers-
ar-ba-'EEN
kilometers l^ham-SEEN
h,ee-lo-MI tir
One hundred
l^ha-niis-
it-
&c-lo-
kee-lo-Ml-tir
Fifty
ar-ba'-
k't-lo-MI-lir
kilometers
Thirty-two
NAYN
mit-RAAI
F<mr kilometers
TA'SH
"thirty"
kce-lo-Ml-tir
WAA-hid
"couple
l(ee-lo-
kee-lo-Mi-lir
happens:
One
Nineteen
For
'A-shar kce-lo-
number you
k'e-lo-Ml-tir
kce-lo-Ml-tir
Three TLAA-ti
when you
ta-MAAN
tmen-
kilometers
TA'SH
Twenty
Four IR-ba-'a
KHAM-si
Five
kec-
mit-RAAT
form
Numbers
Hut
SA-b'i
kilometers
From
k,ec-to-mil-RAAT
One WAA-hid
Two it-NAYN
Eighteen
(^ee-lo-mit-
kce-lo-mst-RAAT
Nine kilometers Tl-si'
far-ZHEE-ni
kilometers,
SIT
lo-mtt-RAAT
Straight ahead
Please
Seven
Eight
Directions
rightDOOR
Six kilometers
RAAT
il-
MAI
Turn
kilometers
Ml-yi
l(ce-lo-Ml-iir
kre-lo-Ml-lir
kilometers
iit-TA'SH
k.ee-lo-MJ-tir
Seventeen
kilometers
TA'SH
^ee-lo-Ml-tir
But
for
"couple of hundreds"
all in
die
same word:
sa-bi'-
Two hundredMEE-XAYN
47
TAYN
250 kilometers
I^hani-SEEN I^ec-lo-MI-tir
11-
\liams
MI-tir
1000 kilometers
elf l(ce-lo-Ml-
Piaster
Two
Pound
'irsk
More
than
LEE-ra
Two poundsUR-TAYN
piasters 'ir-SHAYN
'11-
piasters
More
ROOSH
than
pounds
LEE-
RAAT
tir
11255 kilometersMEE-TAYN
\hams u-kiamSEBN k"-lo-
SHOO, AYSH
HAA-da
this
What's this SHOO HAA-da
AYSH HAA-da
I want BID-di
Time
is
cigarettes BID-di
Ml-lir
What time
or
sa-CAA-
yir
Money
and
555 kilometers
What
For 155 vou would say "couple hundreds, five and fifty":
But for
five
fifty":
MEE-TAYN
and
hundred
"five
liee-lo-MI-tir
to
say
tat BID-di
'ad-DAYSH
it
Ten minutes
KHAM-si
u-
RU-bi'
Half past
six
to
three TLAA-ti
IL-la 'ASH-ra
Twenty
0-W
is
is-SAY-'a
sit
u-NUS
past seven
SAB-'a u-
TULT
bi-TlB-da
Twenty of eight is
and two thirds" or
Foods
Bread
KH U
-biz
VruiiFWAA-ty
Water MA!
Eggs BAYD
Steak
STAYK
Meat
Potatoes ba-TAH-tas
niz
Beans
(navy)ja-SOL-ya
SA-tnak
Salad SA-la-ia
MilkAa-LEEB
48
glass of
beer KAAS
cost
find out
FOOL
how much
things
you say:
costs
this
"eight ex-
bi-KAL-lij
HAA-da
Twenty
of eight
TAYN
TVLT
Quarter
or
Quarter of two
la
SAB-'a
u-tnl-
TMAA-ni
of IL-la
The trainit-TRAYN
lci\ebi-SAA-/ir
BEE-ra
Rice
Fish
A
A
To
LA-bim
Beans (horse)
BEE-ra
Beer
said "seven
At
IL-la
leave
ftr
RU-bi'
it-TRAYN
Todayil-YOM
it-NAYN
IL-
Tomorrow
BUK-ra
RU-bi'
Days
of the
Week
49
Useful Ph rases
What is
man)
What is
name
your
SHOO
(to
IS-mal^
name
your
{to
woman)SHOO
IS-mik.
My name is IS-mi
Does anyone here speak
Eng-
Months
KAA-NO ON TAA-ni
FebruarySHBAHT
MarchAA-DAHR
AprilNEE-SAAN
lishFEE
HA-da
HON
BYlb-{i in-GLEE-zi
Goodbye (by person leaving)
bi-KHAHT-rab,
Ja n ua ry
May Al-YAHR
]uncha-ZAY-RASN
si the
Year
August AAB
September AY-LOOL
Octoberlish-REEN AU-wal
Novembertisis-REEN TAA-ni
December KAA-NOON
AUwal
July TEM-MOOZ
GLOSSARY
[
English
Relationships
boy WE-lcd
Arabic
(of river J
darkness
shuhi
desert
field
BAA-dia
HA-'il,
marzh
the
burs
ard
(ravine)-
ZHO-ra
hillre/
Nl-zbim
(plain)
strean
after
snow
teizh
evening
finger
tomorrow
ha'd
MA-sa
SHA-bir
SU-bifi
LAYL
son
im-BAA-rih
ZA-la-
im
tikjit
1-bin
woman
DRAA-'AYN
MA-ra
head RAHS
BUK-
AU-wal
\eg-SAA'
mouth turn
US-ba'
xeelhSNAAN
-US-ba- IZH-ir
bed FER-shi
blanketA-A'/f/JVH
KUR-si
chair
door
BAAB
drinking water
house
mun-KHAHR
nose
lootlZH-ir
hair
SHA-'ir
hand EED
(cooking
stove
place)
-SO-ba
tableTAHW-li
MAI-yh SHU-
ntb
Sl-ni
yesterday-
A-boo
bint
DA-hcr
eye'AIN
weekZHUM-'a
year
girl
bint
back
ra
night
SHI -la
NA-har
sister
arms
the ocean
ii-BA-bar
mother
daughter
or
Human Body
day YOM
day
man rnzh-ZHAAL
mi (slang)
KHAl
(singular)
ZHAD-wal
uh-SHAMS
HA'Wa
month
morning
rain
(plural;
SUH-bi
zWMWE-lrd
father
BA-ba-ra
the moon
d-'A-mar
mountain ZHE-bel
lake
river
etc.)
the starsin-ZHOOM
wind
(woods)
ground
water-hole,
the sun
grass ha-SHEESH
gully
A1N
na-HAHR
fire NAHR
forest
spring
ZUL-mt
daytime (light)
akh or
brother
or
wallHAYT
water
BAYT
kitchen MAT-bal(.h
for
washing
MAI
til-
GHUH-sil
window sbitb-BAAK
50
51
ZIB-di
butter
mal-FOOF
cahbagc-
cauliflower
'ar-na-BEET
radishes
(cooked
food)
BEEKH
toi natocs
kmofuLAY-MOON
bat-TEEKH
ur
city
path
turnips
wine
n-BEED
ZH AA-mi'
'
pass)
ma-MAR
road
MAKH-far
lice
spider'un-ka-BOOT
NAA-MOOS
bedbugs
khah-BAAZ
baker
cook-
barber
fel-LAAh
shoemaker k"i-DAR-zAi
iMork'wYAHT
O-TAYL
first
AV-tval
second
TAA-ni
TAA-lii
third
fourth
61
to-KAX-du
ta-RE' or dark
TAA-si'
tenth
'AA-shir
twelfth
sixty
SAA-dis
seventh
SAA-bi'
sixth
eighth
ninth
eleventh
RAH-bi'
fihkKHAA-mis
well BEER
'ASH-s/ii
farmer
Numbers
dnkfiAAS'
movie Sl-ntt-nia
town BAL-da
village
AR-yi or DAY-'a
ba'
hat-LAA'
blac ksm ith
had -DA AD
//'//
SHAA-ri'
hotel
'A'-rab
\4-mu/
Jub-BAAN
bu\cW\lah-HAAM
street
mc-L)EE-iiti or BA-Kid
(trail,
scorpion
mosquitoes
iukJt-KHAAK
ban-DOO-n
sliop (store)
Zlll-str
ch fo-Ai EE-sa
mosque
HAl-yi
rat
dies
Surroundings
bridgt
GHA -nem
snake'
i\casba-RAA-GHEET
KtSHAH-t
tobacco
'1-nab
melons
sheep
AR-nab
zhir-DON
Fl-x/iil
SUK.-k.ar
sugar
l.A-ban
A-k.il
grapes
Win -ZEER
Insects
saltMM/A
kh>-YAHk
curded milk
food
Imr-du-
pipeghat-YON
SEE-GHAHR
cucumbers
'a-SEER
AN
ZAH'-nt
cigars
juice
rabbit
pig
hitr-dn-'AAN
orange
'A
sit-TEEN
seventy
TAA-min
HAA-di 'A-shm
TAA-ni 'A-shar
sa-ba-'EEN
eighty
ta-nm-NEEN
ninety
tis-'EEN
Animals
animal
As/'-
WAHN
Clothing
donkey
(burrow,
MAIIR
'as-FOOR
camel ZHA-rnrl
ZilAA-zhi
chicken (hen)
goat
cow RA-'a-rii
doy ^v/fr
mouse FAHR
mule BA-gliil
bird
-AN-si
hor*h-SAHN
iackass) hbelt
boots
coat
zitn-NAHR
or
KA-mar
ZHEZ-mi
SAH-kp
gloves KFO OF
hat
bur-NAY-ta
necktiegra-VAAT
shirt 'o-M5
shoes
sa-RAH-mt
sockskai-SAAT
sweater
ZHER-zi
trousers
undershirt
or
RAB-ta
bait-ta-LON
u-MEES tah-TAA-
ni
52
53
Prepositions
Adjectives
for
goodTAl-yib
or
KWAI-yis
or
im-LEEH
hiibal-TAHL
big k.e-BEER
za-CHEER
small
SHMAAL
left
ma-REED
sick
'ai-YAAN
mab-SOO'F
or
at -SUA
white
blue
green-
colli
BAA-rid (thing) or
AN
for-
SU-khtt
(person)
nitib'LOOL
diyNAA-shij
x pensive- GHAA-lt
cheap ir-KHEES
empty FAH-di or FAA-rig/i
fullW-Y/f/fiV
/4Z-rfl'
AKH-dar
-SHA AN
on
to
in
up
/-EE
win
with
FO'
above
near
k'l-MAAN MAR-ra
behind
WA-ra
beside
zhemb
on
you
int
(masc); IN -It
IN-tu (pi.)
he
HOO
she HEE
hum
they
HAA-da
thisthese ha-DOL
ma' or
Ai-
belowla fit
on
a-REEB
that side
zhemb
-A-la
ha-
this side
'A la
zhemb HAA-
da
there
more
a-'AL
AK-tar or
and
kw
less
(adv.) or
DAAK
'ttd-DAAM
in front
zhemb
(adj.)
farbet-' EE D
hereHON
very
htt-NAAK
if^-TEER
where WAYN
FAYN
or
ka-MAAN
orAV
or u-
LAA-ki"
\il-da or /-ZH
but
otc.
ha-DAAK
those ha-DO-LEEK
who \IEEN
what-SHOO or //V'SH
how manv 4"'"
how tarad-DAYSH BYlB-'ad
or ad-DAYSH il-ma-SAA-fi
that
(fern.);
l-la
How do
KEEF
001.
...
bit -'A-ra-
bi
What
date
DAYSH
What
or 7L-/a
in
or
that
A-na
Ih-na
li-
li-HAD
to
Conjunctions
Pronouns,
we
or
'al
Adverbs
yellow UHS-jar
'A -la
from
again
SHO-BAAN
wet
ifl
(not
DA AN (person)
hot SNOB (weather)
(thing)
AS-wad
UHB-yuhd
Ah-mur
black
red
gha-MEE'
deep)
ya-SAHR
of
g/ia-MEE'
shallow
vieW TAl-yib or
hungry ZHO-'AAN
thirsty
high *^H-
\owWAH-ti
deep
or
day
AYSH
today?
is
ad-
il-YOM?
of
the
ii-YOM?
Today
Today
is Tuesday,
it-TLAA-ta
Come
week?
is
YOM KHAM-si
RAAN
Cninc
here
etc,
il-
ih-ZAY-
il-YOM
ta-'AAL la-HON
ta-'AAL
a-
quickly
WAAM
55
54
Who
ZHEEB
lish-SHVRB
(to
man)
ZHEE-bi MAI Ush-SHVRB
(to a woman)
a
I-shi lil-A-kjl
man)
ZHEE-bi I-shi
woman)
ZHEE-bu
lil-A-k.il
(to
(to a
water?
ad-
bi-TlB-'id il-MAI
is
Palestine,
lbs.;
North
lbs.
'un-TAHR
635.922
5.653
Palestine,
Palestine,
South
lbs.;
North
lbs.
0.53
11.471
It
2.827
KEE-LO
lbs.
luhn
MEE-lir
meter
(39.37 inches).
or
DRAA'S.
often
futile
to
try
often
reply
to
a place
that
it
find
little
is
"two
takes to
cigarettes
smoke one
the
They
away," or about
cigarette,
about
10
kilogram
or perhaps miles.
lbs.
(2.2046
Money
avd.)
(pronounced
2204.6
ton
like
Palestine
Eng.
(metric),
or
mil
lbs.
one
half a cent;
Palestine,
Note: The metric system is in official use in Syria, but the old
Arab weights still are used. Both in Palestine and in Syria these
weights vary considerably from place to place and will have to be
56
is
More
O'-'a
lbs.
learned by experience.
sq.
measure),
kilometer
MEEL mile.
square
565.259
(land
by which they
ton)
Palestine,
1099.5056
minutes). Or they
Weight!
South
North
O-'EE-a South
kee-lo-Mt-tir
Distances
will
li-MEEN
this?
1600
(to
lil-A-kfl
the
Whose house
hai-BAYT
DU-num
yards
I-shi
is
or
(cloth
How far
DAYSH
DRAA'
one;
rati
Measure*
ZHEEB MAI
MAI lish-SHURB
ZHEE-bi,
are you?
1,000 mils
make
pound.
piaster (2 cents).
(10
(8
cents).
SHIL-lin
ir-SHAYNx piasters
shilling
(5
(20 cents).
LEE-ra.
WA-ra-'a
piasters)
p u tin d
($4.02).
mils,/
(4
cents;.
57
Syria ano
nus
'irsh
%
'irsh
SB
l(h<imi
cent).
( Vi
'n-ROOSH
10 piasters
'irsh
25
50
pound
(46
ti-'ish-REEN
piasters
cents).
A-shar
(5
piaster
franks
'
cent,
NOTES
Lebanon
I^ham-SEEN
1 1
cents)
'irsh
(23 cents).
LEE-ra, WA-ra-'a
piasters
cents).
cents).
5S
NOTES
OTES
NOTES
G2
NOTES
63
NOTES
G2
NOTES
63
creetings
Translation
ml
M'l