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0 INTRODUCTION
I have been given an assignment to write a reflective journal. For this
reflective journal, I have choose three chapters consist of chapter 6
learning,chapter 7 memory and chapter 13 personality.
In chapter 6 is about learning.And the 3 theory that I choose from chapter
6 is Positive Reinforcement,Positive Punishment and Negative punishment.
The reason why I choose this chapter because I had been experience this
situation so I want to learn more about this topic to make sure that I can
improve my skill to face this situation and I can use this theory in the future
with my family to raise up my children.The another reason is I want to make
sure that I dont make the same mistake that my family do went they raise me
up because they dont learn about this psychology study and that why they dont
know the right way to teach their children.
The next chapter that I choose is chapter 7 is about memory.The 3 theory
based on this chapter that I choose is Short-term memory, Long-term memory
and Motivated Forgeting.The reason that I choose this chapter because I want to
learn more about this topic so that I can deal with my memory problem.If I can
solve this problem than I can study very well and had no problem to achieve a
good result in exam.The another reason I want to learn about this topic is I can
learn to use my brain in a maximum way and I want to learn how to control my
own brain.So that is why I really want to learn this topic.

The last chapter that I choose is chapter 13.This chapter is about

Personality and the 3 theory that is choose is
Openness,Consciousness,Agreeableness .The reason why I choose this chapter
is I like to learn about the personality people so that we know something about
the people.I also want to learn this topic because I want to learn about how to
control myself and read others people thinking and body language.

2.0 CHAPTER 6 (Learning)

Learning in psychological terms it is defined as a relatively permanent
change in behaviour or mental processes from practice or experience.
Basic form of learning is called Conditioning. The process of learning
associations between environment stimuli and behavioural responses.

Positive Reinforcement

Description
Based on my experience, my family teach me how to fasting by giving
me rm 1 by fasting in a day. Then if I fasting the whole month then so that Ill
get rm 30 ringgit from my mother.So this is the way that my mother use this
theory to teach me how to fasting.

Interpretation
Positive Reinforcement is adding (or presenting) a stimulus,which
strengthens a response and makes it more likely to recur.For me this theory have
a link with my life experience because this theory means that we give reward to
that people so that he or she will motivated to do that things again. So it has a
link between my life experience because my mother give me rm 1 ringgit if I
fasting a whole day.So this shows that my mother use this theory to motivate
myself so that I will fasting for a month.
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Evaluation
Based on my knowledge about this theory is I can learn how to teach
people do the right thing and motivate them. And for me this theory is good and
very effective. This theory also makes me motivate to fasting for a month. This
shows that this theory is very effective and relevant.

Planning
So based on my learning,this theory is good for me to teach my children
in the future just like my mother do to teach me.Then I will use this theory to
teach my children so that my children will motivate to do things that is good for
them.

Positive Punishment
Description
Based on my experience,I was very bad in subject mathematics and since
I in in form 1 I never get A in mathematics. I also get C in PMR for mathematic.
Then, in form 4 my mathematic teacher is Cikgu Azira bt Ghazali. I still
remember her name because she change me a lot in study. She teach me in form
4 until form 5,the result that I get in form 4 for the final exam is I fail. From the
first exam until the final exam,I did not pass the exam. Then, I think I really
stupid in mathematics then when I form 5 I really lazy to learn mathematics,I
dont go to class mathematics because I shame with my teacher and friend,I the
only student in the class that always fail in mathematic.When the trial SPM
come,I just answer the question and the result is I fail again.Then after the trial
SPM Cikgu Azira start to be serious with me and always find me in school,she
want me to get a good result for SPM in mathematics. She give me a
punishment by giving me so many exercise,she buy exercise book for me. I
have to do the exercise everyday because she want to check after school.When
SPM result is announced I get B+ for my mathematics.Before this I never pass
in mathematics and always fail but in SPM in get B+. Thanks to Cikgu Azira
and for me she is the best teacher.

Interpretation
Positive punishment is adding (or presenting) a stimulus that weakens a
response and makes it less likely to recur. Based on my study for me this theory
is we give a punishment to people that make mistake so that they dont do the
same mistake again. So,this theory is related to my experience because my
teacher give me punishment by doing all the exercise that she give,she dont
want me to get the same result in SPM.By doing that punishment she has
change my result.Then,I dont get the same result anymore.

Evaluation
This theory is we learn how to give someone a punishment with a
psychology way.We give a punishment that will make the people dont do the
same mistake that they do.So,this theory is so effective for a teacher to teach a
student like me.When,my teacher use this theory to punish me,the result that I
get is I get a good result in exam so this shows that this theory is good and
relevant.

Planning
This theory shows that it is very effective.So if I dont understand or get a
bad result in others subject I know that I dont have to just give up but I have to
do more exercise to get a good result.So if my friend had a same problem like
me I know that I have to use this theory to help my friend.In future also if I
want to give a punishment I will use this theory to that person because it will
give a better result.
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Negative punishment

Description
Based on my experience,my hobby is play football. I really like to play
football but when I play to much then I dont study.My mother always told me
to balance between sport and study but I never listen.One day,I get a bad result
in exam and my mother was very angry then she takes all my sport shoes and
throw it away.Then I dont have any shoes to play football and my mother told
me that I have to show to her a good result in exam then she will buy me shoes
to play football.Start from that I study really hard to get a good result so that my
mother will buy me a new shoes.The result is I get a good result then she buy
me a new shoes and if I get a bad result again she will take my shoes again.

Interpretation
Negative punishment is taking away (or removing) a stimulus that
weakens a response and makes it less likely to recur.Based on my study this
theory is we taking things that the person like and use it as a punishment for that
person.So this theory is related to my experience when my mother knows that I
really like to play football that she takes my shoes as a punishment so that I will
give what that she want.Then,the result is she get the result that I want and I get
the things that I want.

Evaluation
This theory is good if we want to punish someone.This theory can make
that person listen to us and they will follow the rules that we give.The effect that
this theory to me is when my mother use this theory as a punishment for me,I
have to follow what that my mother want because she is taking away things that
I need to do something that I like.By doing this punishment the effect is its
makes me get a good result in exam and I can play football.

Planning
Based on my experience when my mother do the punishment ,I feel that I
dont want to do the same mistake anymore and I want to balance my sport
activities and study. If I dont do like that then I like get the same
punishment.So from that I learn how to use physhology punishment toward
other people.Then next time I will use this theory to my siblings or someone
that I want to help them by giving this punishment t make them a better person.

3.0 CHAPTER 7 (Memory)

The definition of Memory is an internal record or representation of some

prior event or experience.
Memory is a constructive process organizing and shaping of information
during processing,storage and retrievel of memories.

Short-term Memory

Description
Based on my experience I had been the short term memory that I
experience is when I lose a 800m in a track and field competition and I got last
place in that competition.My teacher was really dispointed with me because she
knows that I can win that race.I lose that race just because I eat ice-cream before
the race and it make me really sick and cannot run.Then,at school everyone was
talking about that story.After a month,I already forget that story because it was
really annoying and make me disappointed with mysef.Two days later,my
teacher tell the story again to me and she thought it was a funny story but for me
his annoyed me with that story.And,she also make me remember about that
story again.

Interpretation
Short-term Memory second memory stage that temporarily stores
sensory information and decides whether to send it on to long term memory.
This shows that this theory is good if we want to forget our pain experience or
our sad story.When I already use this theory I can forget the story thats make
me sad.The time I lose in that race it is really a bad experience and this theory
helps me to face the problem.

Evaluation
Based on what I learn this theory helps me to forget the things that I do
not want to remember.This theory also give me effect because its make me to
remember things that I hate to remember.So next time if I had a bad experience
again,I will make sure that I will forget and not remember the story.

Planning
Based on what I learn,this theory has the advantage and disadvantage,so
it is up to us to use this theory in a good way or not.For me this theory is
relevant and good because it can refresh our brain to remember something that
is important so that we cannot remember.The disadvantage is it will make we
remember our bad experience that we do not want to remember.So,for me I will
use this theory in a good ways in case I forget something that important I can
remember it.

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Long-term memory

Description
From my experience,the long-term theory that have applied in my life
experience when I study for my exam and I still remember things that I study
until now because the way that I study is effectiveness.I always make a note
with a colourful paper and pen and it make me more interest to read the note
that I write.I do not study just by reading the book,I will write some notes to
make sure that I remember what that I read and study.Then when I sit on exam I
can remember what that I study because the notes that I make has many
colourful pen and I have interest to read.

Interpretation
Long-term Memory is a third stage of memory that stores information
for long periods of time its capacity is virtually limitless and its duration is
relatively permanent.This theory is really helpful if you will sit an exam then
you have to use this theory to helps you remember everything that you
study.This theory also helps if you want to remember something in a long term
so this theory is the right theory for that.Another tips to have a long-term
memory is you always make a note with colourful pen so that it more interesting
to read and remember.

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Evaluation

Based on what I learn this theory is a good theory that student should
use.This because the theory that helps the student to remember things that
important so that they can use it in the exam.The effect when I use this theory in
my study is I can get A in my exam and I do not have to stress to think about the
things that you study but you already remember it because of this theory it keep
the information in a long term.

Planning

Based on my observation,I will keep use this theory in my study because

it is very useful theory and very effective. I also will approach my siblings who
still in school to use this theory same like I did so that they can get a good result
in exam.

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Motivated Forgeting

Description
My experience in motivated forgetting is when I was in form 1.In
assembly my name was called by the teacher on the stage to get the medal that I
win.Then I go and when it come to the stages,I fall at the stairs and everybody
in the assembly was laugh at me.I get up and take my medal quickly.It was a
very shame when you fall at the stage and everyone in the school laugh at
you.Then,I slowly forget the experience and always careful when I have to go to
the stage.

Interpretation
Motivated Forgetting Theory focuses on our sometimes unconscious
wish to forget something unpleasant.According,to the motivated forgetting
theory we forget for a reason which leads to inhibition of retrieval.I use this
theory in my past experience because I shame when I fall in the assembly.So
that is the reason why I dont want to remember this experience.This theory also
very effective and I can forget the experience very well.

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Evaluation

Based on my study in this theory is this theory helps me to overcome my

fear to meet people just because I shame of myself.When I fall at the assembly I
felt very shame to meet people because I scare that they will laugh at me.But
when I use this theory and forget the experience I fell more confidence to meet
people and talk with them.This theory is really helpful if we had a bad
experience .

Planning
Based on the theory that I learn,this theory is a good and very effective
for some people that had a bad experience.This theory also can build your
confidence level when you are down because of the experience that you
had.The conclusion is this theory can help you when you are down because they
can make you forget that thing.

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4.0 CHAPTER 13(Personality)

Personality is unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts,feelings,

and actions.The science of personality is to describe individual differences in
personality.It also to explain how those differences come about and predict
individual behaviour based on personality findings.

Openness
Description
Based on my experience I have been in a meeting with my friends and
teacher.In that meeting we had to discuss something and everyone have to give
their own opinion to the teacher.I like how my teacher attitude when she
become a openness person and she accept all the opinion that is give my the
student.She just accept the opinion that is given by the student at throw away
her ego.

Intepretation
Openness original and open to new ideas vs conventional and narrow in
interest.This means that we be a open person that can accept all the opinion tht
is given by other person.Same like my teacher when she accept the oppion that
her student give to her.She also do not get angry to the student.

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Evaluation

Based on what I learn this theory is teach us to accept people opinion and
be a openness person.This theory also will help us to shape our attitude to be a
better person.

Planning
My planning in this theory is I will make my teacher as a example
because I will make sure that I will always be a openness person and accept
people opinion.Be a openness person also is good because if we do not listen to
other opion then how other people want to listen our opinion.This shows that
this theory is very good and effective.

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Conscientiousness

Description
Based on my experience,I have a friends that is very good and
hardworking student.She is one of the best student in school and she always get
1st place in exam.When I asked her how she study,she says that she like to study
in organized room.She also a responsible person and always do her job with
patient.All the teacher in school love and like how she study.In exam she always
get a highest mark and get A in every subject.

Interpretation
Conscientiousness is a responsible and organized vs irresponsible and
careless.This theory is very good for student because student have to be
organized and responsible in every work that they done.If not they cannot study
very well and not be a responsible student.So,this show that this theory is very
useful for student and they have to apply this theory in their daily life.

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Evaluation

Based on what I learn this theory teach us to be more organized and be

more responsible.This theory also give effect for student because if you use this
theory you will be more organized and feel more comfort to study.So this shows
that this theory give us many benefits and it is good for student to use this
theory.

Planning
Theory Conscientiousness teach us to be organized and be more
responsible.Based on my observation I will use this theory in my study so that I
can learn and study with more relax.I also will teach my siblings and friends to
use this theory so that they can study just like me.

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Agreeableness

Description
Based on my experience in this theory is I have work at 7Eleven and it is
hard for me to work at there.This because I have to do all the job that my boss
gave to me.If I do not want to do it,he will get angry and that why I have to
agree all the task that he gave to me.The task that he give to me is really hard I
cannot do it by my own.Just because I dont want to say that I cannot help him I
have to say yes and accept all the task that he give to me.This shows that if we
being too agreeableness is not good for ourself.

Interpretation
Agreeableness is trusting and good natured vs suspicious and
ruthless.Based on my experience if we be too much agreeableness people will
take advantage at us and they will use us to make them satisfied with
themselves.So this shows that this theory is not a good choice if we want to be a
good people because people will try to take advantage on us.

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Evaluation
Based on what I learn in this theory is we have to accept and agree with
all thing.And based on my experience I have to agree with all the task that my
boss give even I cannot do it.It really hard for me because we have to satisfied
my boss.This also make me being so stress and I have to push myself so that I
can do things that I cannot do.

Planning
Based on what I experience,I choose not to be too agreeableness because
people will take advantage.I also will learn to say NO so that people will
understand when I do not want to help them.I also will learn from my past
experience so that I can alert if someone is taking advantage on me.

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5.0 Conclusion
Based on this reflective journal,I have learn how to use and adapt
these theories in my life.In chapter 6 I learn how to use the learning theory in
my life.In this theory I learn how to give punishment to people.I also learn how
to teach people by giving punishment to them.
In chapter 7 I learn how to get a strong memory and how to
remember things in a long-term or short-term.In this theory also I learn how to
improve my learning skill.This will help me to success I my study.
The last chapter in this reflective journal is chapter 13.In this
chapter I learn how to know your own personality.I also learn about body
language and things that related with personality.
So based on this reflective journal is I can learn many things
about psychology.I also learn the theory that can help me in study and life.

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6.0 Reference

Karen Huffman,Living Psychology ISBN 0-471-67938-0

John Wiley & Sons INC

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