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1.Deffine Cell?
(Science: Cell Biology)
1. The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
2. An autonomous self-replicating unit that may exist as functional independent unit of life (as in the case of unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in
a multicellularorganism (such as in plants and animals) that is specialized into carrying out particular functions towards the cause of the organism as a
whole.
3. A membrane bound structure containing biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
Supplement
There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells (e.g. bacterial cells) and eukaryotic cells (e.g. plant or animal cell). The main difference between
the two is a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a membranous nuclear envelope present only in eukaryotic cells. Despite this difference they share a
number of common features: the genetic information is stored in genes, proteins serve as their main structural material, ribosomes are used to
synthesize proteins, adenosine triphosphate is the main source of metabolic energy to sustain various cellular processes, and a cell membrane that
controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell.
Word origin: From Latin cella.
Related forms: cellular (adjective)
See also: cell biology, cytology, stem cell.
2.What are the parts of cell give the function of each other?
Cell Parts and Functions Table
Cell Organelle
Cell Function
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance found inside cell that acts as a medium for chemical reactions
within the cell
Packages the proteins made by the ribosomes so they can be sent out of the cell. The
UPS store of the cell
Mitochondrion
"powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of
cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae
Vacuole
"Storage tanks" Can hold food, water or waste for the cell
Ribosome
Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or
free in the cytoplasm
Transportation network for the cell, moves materials around in the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)- endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes
attached.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- does not have ribosomes attached
Lysosome
"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts
Nucleolus
"Gatekeeper" Separates the cell from the rest of the environment and helps control
what passes in and out of the cell. Semi-permeable: allows some materials to pass
through but not all
Chloroplast
A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun's energy to
produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis
Cell Wall
Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plant, fungi,
and bacterial cells)
Vesicle
Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for
export. "The UPS truck of the cell"
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Organizes special parts of the cytoskeleton called microtubules for cell division,
migrates to opposite ends (poles) of the cell to assist with cell division
PLANT CELLS
Does not have a cell wall, irregular Has a cell wall, regular in shape
in shape
No chloroplast present
Chloroplast present
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