Jakarta, February 2014

3G Paging
There are 5 TMSI per TTI (10 ms), with assume that
concurrent user for paging is maximum 5, that
means only have 5 channel in one time that can be
use simultaneusly.
So, with erlang table 5 channel GoS 1% is
around 1,36 Erlang, maksimum occupancy = 1.36 /
5 = 27.22 %
For hourly, that mean if occupancy can reach 100%,
the attempt is 3600 s *5 TMSI / 10 ms =
3600*5*1000/10 = 1.800.000 per hour
27.22% * 1.800.000 is 500.000 paging per hour

3G Paging
Why Paging Utilization<100% but with Paging Congestion?
Paging Channel Specification
PCH channel support maximum paging 5 user with 1 TTI(Transmission Time Interval, 1TTI=10ms)

Maximum
Paging 5 UE
per TTI

Paging Discard

Statistic
Period
Because the paging attempt is not stable within the statistic period, some times is higher,
some times is lower, so we will face the paging congestion while the PCH
Utilization<100% .

3G Paging
How big the PCH utilization will trigger paging congestion

Base on the Erlang B Table, if the Number of Channel is 5, and the GOS is 1%, it can bear
1.361 Erl traffic, in other words, the utilization is 27.22% (=1.361/5) while the GOS=1%
The PCH channel can support paging 5 user within 1 TTI,
We can assume the Number of Channel of 5, base on Erlang B table, when the the
utilization just 27.22%, GOS/Congestion Rate=1%.

Base on Erlang B table, the utilization=27.22% will trigger 1% congestion.

3G Paging
Why there are some RNC with high Paging
attempt but Low Congestion Compare with
Other RNC?
Because there is parameter setting that allow
RNC to re-transmit paging
RNC will just increase the counter paging
congestion if the both 1st and 2nd time paging
discard due to PCH Channel congested.

3G Paging
When we do RAC or LAC Splitting
When Paging Attempt LAC-RAC > 500 K
When Paging Congestion >= 1 %

3G Power
The TCP consumption are break down to CCH, FACH, PCH, RRC, AMR, PS R99, HSDPA
signaling and HSUPA DL channel. RNC TBS Metro result as below:

Region Name

RNCID

CCH
Load

Y
S
M
T
W

353
354
625
164
154

35.12%
39.02%
30.48%
34.74%
35.54%

FACH
Load
4.89%
4.56%
5.66%
14.71%
14.00%

PCH Load RRC Load CS Load

1.49%
1.36%
0.99%
1.10%
1.34%

4.52%
3.90%
5.60%
2.22%
2.39%

2.53%
2.37%
2.85%
3.85%
3.67%

PS R99
Load
3.32%
6.67%
3.07%
4.42%
3.98%

HSDPA
HSUPA
HSDPA
Sig Load DL Load User Load
21.28%
17.85%
23.61%
17.87%
19.03%

1.08%
0.90%
1.76%
1.84%
1.77%

HSDPA user part and HSDPA Signaling part consume about 45% of total
used power, while CS just consume 3% power.

25.77%
23.36%
25.97%
19.25%
18.28%

Total TCP
Utility
Ratio
49.60%
42.39%
57.01%
53.73%
54.18%

3G Power
Single User Power Consumption VS Coverage / Load
25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

-116
-113
-110
-107
-104
-101
-98
-95
-92
-89
-86
-83
-80
-77
-74
-71
-68
-65
-62
-59
-56
-53
-50
-47
-44
-41

0.00%

AMR_Load0.5

AMR_Load0.6

AMR_Load0.9

AMR_Load0.8

Conclusion:
Power consumption per user / connection will be much higher
when coverage is poor.

3G Power
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
0

10

15

20
25
V S.HSDPA .UE.Mean.Cell
R99TCP

30

35

40

TatalTCP

Conclusion :
When HSDPA user reach 20, total Power utilization will reach 70%
Major factor of power utilization is HSDPA user number.

45

3G CE
Hardware channel requirement per traffic channel is a function of bit rate

RAB

Traffic Class

AMR Speech
AMR Speech
AMR Speech
AMR Speech
AMR Speech
AMR Speech
AMR Speech
Packet
Packet
Packet
Packet
Packet
Packet
UDI
Streaming
Streaming

Conversational
Conversational
Conversational
Conversational
Conversational
Conversational
Conversational
Interactive / Background
Interactive / Background
Interactive / Background
Interactive / Background
Interactive / Background
Interactive / Background
Conversational
Streaming
Streaming

CS/PS Max Bit Rate (kbps)

CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
PS
CS
CS
CS

1.2
7.95
5.9
4.75
12.65
8.85
6.65
16
32
64
128
256
384
64
57.6
14.4

SF
UL
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
64
32
16
8
4
4
16
16
64

DL
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
128
64
32
16
8
8
32
32
128

Req CE/Connection
RU20/RU30
UL
DL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
4
4
4
8
8
16
16
4
4
4
4
1
1

3G CE

HSDPA may or may not need CE, depend on NodeB version and specific per
vendor

3G Code
Users are separated by codes (code channels), not by frequency or time
(in some capacity/hierarchical cell structure cases, also different
carrier frequencies may be used).

Signals of other users are seen as noise-like interference

CDMA system is an interference limited system which averages the
interference (ref. to GSM which is a frequency limited system)
BS2
BS1
Freq. 1
Code D

Freq. 1

3G Code
DL SC allocation is done by RNP
other codes are allocated by system

Usage

Short code = Channelisation code

Long code = Scram bling code

Uplink: Separat ion of physical data

(DPDCH) and control channels (DPCCH)
from sam e t erm inal

Uplink: Separat ion of m obile

Dow nlink: Separat ion of sectors (cells)

Dow nlink: Separat ion of dow nlink

connect ions t o different users w ithin
one cell
Lengt h

4256 chips (1.066.7 s)

Dow nlink also 512 chips

Uplink: (1) 10 m s = 38400 chips or (2)

66.7 s = 256 chips

Different bit rat es by changing t he

lengt h of t he code

Opt ion (2) can be used w it h advanced

base st at ion receivers
Dow nlink: 10 m s = 38400 chips

Num ber of codes

Code fam ily

Num ber of ort hogonal channelizat ion

codes = spreading factor

Uplink: 16.8 m illion

Ort hogonal Variable Spreading Fact or

Long 10 ms code: Gold code

Dow nlink: 512

Short code: Ext ended S(2) code fam ily

Spreading

Yes, increases t ransm ission bandw idt h

No, does not affect t ransm ission

bandw idt h

3G Code
Hierarchical selection of short codes from a "code tree" to maintain orthogonality
Several long scrambling codes can be used within one sector to avoid shortage of short
code

3G Code
Orthogonality is a measure of how transparent one code channel is to other code
channels. OSVF codes are completely orthogonal when time synchronised.
Multi-path delay spread introduces non-synchronised components. Delay spread is small
within micro/indoor environment relative to an outdoor environment resulting in a greater
orthogonality
Orthogonality impacts downlink capacity
Orthogonality has been evaluated by simulation of delay spread propagation channels

Scrambling codes are not orthogonal to one another i.e. inter-cell interference does not
benefit from orthogonality
Introducing a secondary scrambling code e.g. for capacity reasons, has an impact upon
orthogonality
Orthogonality is part of the RNC data build

RNC Load
The most important parameter to be monitored in RNC
in processor load :

Processor load for control plane (signaling)

Processor load for user plane (user traffic)
Processor load for PS service
Processor load for interface

Processor load threshold may vary for different vendor

Quiz
Average CE Utilization in a Node B : 85% for DL and 90
% for UL. This condition cause low accessibility.
Hardware capacity Node B : 512 DL CE and 384 UL CE.
Node B has 512 DL CE licenses and 512 UL CE licenses.
Based on study, call will be rejected if average CE
Utilization >= 70%.
As Capacity Engineer what should we suggest ?

Quiz
Many customers complaining slow throughput when
they download a file. After investigation we found that
IuB, CE, power and code utilization is still below 50%.
Average Ec/Io in that area is -12.
As capacity engineer what else that we need to check ?

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