Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of

preeclampsia.
Smith TA1, Kirkpatrick DR, Kovilam O, Agrawal DK.

Author information

Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha,
NE, USA.
1

Abstract
Worldwide, preeclampsia is a significant health risk to both pregnant women and their unborn children.
Despite scientific advances, the exact pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not yet fully understood.
Meanwhile, the incidence of preeclampsia is expected to increase. A series of potential etiologies for
preeclampsia has been identified, including endothelial dysfunction, immunological dysregulation and
trophoblastic invasion. In this literature review, we have critically reviewed existing literature regarding
the research findings that link the role of vitamin D to the pathogenesis and immunoregulation of
preeclampsia. The relationship of vitamin D with the suspected etiologies of preeclampsia underscores
its clinical potential in the diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia.
KEYWORDS:
cathelicidin; endothelial dysfunction; immunomodulation; preeclampsia; vitamin D

Vitamin D, Parathormone and Associated Minerals among Students

in Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
[Article in German]
El Badawy AA1, Aboserea MM, El Seifi OS, Mortada EM, Bakry HM, Waly EH, Raafat N, Etewa RL, El
Badawy SA.

Author information

1 Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig

University, Egypt.
1

Abstract
AIM:
To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors among students of age 13
- 18 years.
METHODS:
Design: Community-based cross sectional survey.
SETTING:
Two schools were selected using multistage sampling techniques.
SAMPLING:

Cluster sampling of all enrolled students (550 students).

OUTCOME MEASURES:
Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD), parathyroid hormone and calcium. Data was collected
about nutritional intake, physical activity and lifestyle variables that are potential risk factors for
hypovitaminosis D.
RESULTS:
Hypovitaminosis D prevalence was 23.8 %, of which 5.3 % was deficiency and 18.5 % insufficiency.
Serum 25 OHD levels inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone levels (r = -0.206, P = 0.00). Low
calcium and ionized calcium levels were 40.6 % and 45.9 %, respectively, and significantly correlated
with vitamin D levels. Female students have significantly higher levels of hypovitaminosis D compared
to males (29.3 % to 15.0 %, respectively) and the level of vitamin D significantly improved with
increased age. Exposure to sun had a significant effect on vitamin D levels, and physical activity, soft
drink consumption and smoking did not. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that age, sun
exposure and Ca level were the only significant independent predictors of hypovitaminosis D among
the studied group.
CONCLUSION:
Our findings revealed that hypovitaminosis D is a prevalent health problem in adolescents, especially
girls, who were at higher risk, and increased age and sun exposure improved vitamin D status among
the studied group. There is therefore a need to consider vitamin D supplementation for school children
together with increased awareness through a health education program.
KEYWORDS:
adolescents; calcium; ionized calcium; parathormone; vitamin D deficiency
PMID:
26098481
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vitamin Intake from Food Supplements in a German Cohort - Is

there a Risk of Excessive Intake?
[Article in German]
Willers J1, Heinemann M, Bitterlich N, Hahn A.

Author information

1 Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.

Abstract

Food supplements, if not properly used, may lead to potentially harmful nutrient intake. The purpose of
this survey was to examine vitamin intake from food supplements. Taking into account the intake from
food, as obtained from the National Nutrition Survey, it was determined whether the tolerable upper
intake levels (ULs) were exceeded via supplements alone, or in combination with food. Data from
1070 supplement users (18 - 93 years) was available. The dietary and supplemental vitamin intakes of
three groups were analyzed: average intake (50 th percentile food + 50th percentile supplements),
middle-high intake (50th + 95th) and high intake (95th + 95th). Vitamin C (53 %), vitamin E (45 %) and B
vitamins (37 - 45 %) were consumed most frequently. Few subjects (n = 7) reached or exceeded the
ULs through supplements alone. The UL for vitamin A and folate was reached by a few men in the
middle-high group, and by a few men and women in the high intake group. Otherwise, even in the high
intake group, the recommended vitamin D intake of 20 g/day (in case of insufficient endogenous
synthesis) could not be achieved. The use of food supplements was not associated with excessive
vitamin intake in this survey, except in a small number of cases. Vitamin A intake above the UL was
the result of high dietary intake which also included the intake of -carotene, rather than the result of
overconsumption of food supplements. Diets mainly included folate from natural sources, which has
no associated risk.
KEYWORDS:
Tolerable Upper Intake Level; excessive intake; food supplements; survey; vitamins
World Allergy Organ J. 2015 Jun 4;8(1):15.

Chronic urticaria merits serum vitamin D evaluation and

supplementation; a randomized case control study.
Rasool R1, Masoodi KZ2, Shera IA1, Yosuf Q1, Bhat IA1, Qasim I1, Nissar S1, Shah ZA1.

Author information

Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i- Kashmir Institute of Medical

Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K 190011 India.
Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 190025 India.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Several studies suggest that Vitamin D (Vit-D3) supplementation reduces Chronic Urticaria (CU)
symptoms.
OBJECTIVES:
Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)2D) level and assessment of therapeutic effect of
VitD3in CU patients.
METHODS:
192 subjects were stratified according to the baseline 25(OH) 2D levels and subsequently randomized
into three subgroups to receive Vit-D3 alone (VD) or antihistamine and systemic corticosteroid (H+S) or
VitD3 with antihistamine and systemic corticosteroid (VD+H+S) for 6 weeks between July 2012 to Oct
2014. 130 healthy controls (HC) were followed without any intervention. The patients were evaluated
for reduction in urticarial symptoms using visual analogue scale (VAS) and 5-D itch score.

RESULTS:
Low serum levels of 25(OH)2D was observed in 91% of CU patients and 64% of the healthy controls
(P<0.0001). VAS and 5-D Score in subgroups VD, H+S and VD+H+S decreased significantly from
670043, 66042 and 668040 at baseline to 52070 (P=00088), 3 3 0 50 (P <
00001) and186039 (P<00001) after treatment and from 14 5 0 72, 13 9 0 77 and 13 9
0221 to 1206110 (P=00072), 81113 (P<00001) and 501094 (P<00001)
respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
CU patients have low serum 25(OH)2D levels and Vit-D3 supplementation in combination with
antihistamine and systemic corticosteroid show elevated response in resolving the symptoms of CU.
This study also warrants that each subject with CU should be screened for serum 25 (OH) 2D levels
before starting a treatment.
KEYWORDS:
25(OH) vitamin D; 5-D itch score; Chronic Urticaria; IgE; Visual analogue scale

Significance of serum levels of vitamin D and some related minerals

in breast cancer patients.
Abdelgawad IA1, El-Mously RH2, Saber MM3, Mansour OA4, Shouman SA5.

Author information

Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, NCI, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Oncology, NCI, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Cairo, Egypt.
Departement of Biochemitry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhar University Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Biochemitry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium are involved in a wide range of proliferation, apoptosis and cell signaling
activities in the body. Suboptimal concentrations may lead to cancer development. The role of
phosphate in cancer metabolism is particularly relevant in breast cancer while, magnesium deficiency
favors DNA mutations leading to carcinogenesis.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone in
female breast cancer patients and to assess their association with some prognostic factors in breast
cancer.
DESIGN AND METHODS:

This study is done on 98 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients and 49 age matched
apparently healthy female volunteers as controls. Serum samples from all patients and controls were
subjected to 25-OH Vit D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathormone measurements.
RESULTS:
In the breast cancer group, the median serum levels of 25-OH Vit D were 15 ng/ml, while it was 21
ng/ml in the control group. Levels of 25-OH Vit D and other tested minerals were significantly lower
while calcium:magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio, and calcium:phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio were significantly higher
in the breast cancer group. Significant negative correlation was detected between phosphorus and
calcium, ionized calcium , calcium magnesium ratio, and calcium phosphorus ratio.
CONCLUSION:
It is not only the deficient levels of Vit D and other related minerals, but the combination of the
abnormal levels of all the studied parameters that might contribute to the development of cancer.
Further studies with larger number of patient are needed.
KEYWORDS:
Vitamin D; breast cancer; calcium; magnesium; phosphorus

Inadequate vitamin D levels are associated with culture positive

sepsis and poor outcomes in paediatric intensive care.
Onwuneme C1,2,3, Carroll A2, Doherty D2,4, Bruell H4, Segurado R5, Kilbane M6, Murphy N2, McKenna
MJ6,3, Molloy EJ1,3,7,4,8.

Author information

Department of Paediatrics, National Maternity Hospital.

Department of Paediatrics, Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dubli.
Department of Medicine & Medical Sciences, University College Dublin.
Department of Paediatrics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin.

Department of Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD CSTAR, University College

Dublin.
Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin.
Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland.

Department of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, National Children's Hospital, Tallaght &
Coombe Women's and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Abstract
AIM:

This study aimed to assess vitamin D status, and its determinants, in paediatric patients with
suspectedsepsis who were admitted toapaediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We also investigated the
association between vitamin D status and clinical outcomes.
METHODS:
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and clinical determinants were prospectively assessed in
children with suspected sepsis (<12 years old) admitted tothe PICU.The relationship between 25OHD
and clinical outcomes was evaluated. Vitamin D status was also assessed in control children of a
similar age.
RESULTS:
We enrolled 120children with suspected sepsis admitted to thePICU and30 paediatric controls.
25OHD was <50nmol/L in 59% of the children admitted to the PICU and 25OHD was lower than in the
controls (4729 vs 6626 nmol/L, p<0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, 25OHD was
strongly associated with culture positive sepsis (p<0.001), thepaediatric index of mortality (p=0.026)
and the duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.008). There was a negative correlation between
25OHDandC-reactive protein (CRP): each0.1% decrease in 25OHD increased CRP (p=0.04).
CONCLUSION:
Children admitted to thePICU with suspected sepsis had lower 25OHD than controls and inadequate
25OHD status was associated with confirmed sepsis and poor outcomes. This article is protected by
copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
C-reactive protein; organ dysfunction; paediatric intensive care; sepsis; vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is Not a Protective Factor in ALS.

Blasco H1,2, Madji Hounoum B1, Dufour-Rainfray D1,3, Patin F1, Maillot F4,5, Beltran S6, Gordon PH7,
Andres CR1,2, Corcia P1,6.

Author information

Unit mixte de recherche U930, Institut National de la Sant et de la Recherche Mdicale,

Universit Franois-Rabelais, Tours, France.
Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Molculaire, Hpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier
Rgional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.
Laboratoire de Mdecine Nuclaire in vitro, Hpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Rgional
Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.
Service de Mdecine Interne, Hpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Rgional Universitaire
de Tours, Tours, France.
INSERM U1069, Tours, France.

Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Rgional Universitaire de Tours,

Tours, France.

Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, NM, USA.

Abstract
AIMS:
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with poorer prognosis in ALS. Better understanding of the
role of vitamin D in ALS is needed to determine whether trials of systematic supplementation are
justified. Our aim was to report vitamin D levels during the course of ALS and to evaluate its
relationship with clinical parameters at diagnosis and with disease progression.
METHODS:
We prospectively collected vitamin D serum concentrations from 125 consecutive ALS patients. Cox
proportional hazard models analyzed the relationship between vitamin D concentrations, clinical
parameters, and survival.
RESULTS:
The mean vitamin D concentration was below our laboratory's lower limit of normal (P < 0.0001) and
did not change during the course of the disease. The concentrations were higher in patients with
bulbar onset (P = 0.003) and were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0095).
Models with ALSFRS-R (ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised) and BMI as a covariates showed that
vitamin D concentrations predicted worse prognosis.
CONCLUSION:
The distribution of vitamin D concentrations in our cohort was consistent with previous reports.
Surprisingly, we noted a negative effect of higher vitamin D levels on prognosis in ALS. More detailed
research is warranted to determine whether manipulation of vitamin D could be beneficial to patients.
2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
KEYWORDS:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Neuroprotection; Prognosis; Survival; Vitamin D

How to investigate: Chronic pain.

Hague M1, Shenker N2.

Author information

University of Cambridge Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2
0QQ, UK. Electronic address: mh623@cam.ac.uk.
Box 204, Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2
0QQ, UK. Electronic address: Nicholas.shenker@addenbrookes.nhs.uk.

Abstract
Chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience persisting longer than the
normal process of healing, usually longer than 3 months. About a fifth of the world's population is
believed to suffer from chronic pain. In Europe, chronic pain accounts for nearly 500 m lost working

days, and it costs the European economy >34 billion (28 billion) every year. Establishing a reliable
diagnosis is the primary challenge in evaluating a patient with chronic pain. Common diagnoses not to
miss include seronegative spondyloarthritides, endocrine abnormalities including severe vitamin D
deficiency and polymyalgia rheumatica. Once important or treatable diagnoses have been ruled out,
the history can be used as a tool to establish a therapeutic plan for shared decision-making using the
biopsychosocial model. Onward referral to pain clinics can be helpful for more involved patient
management, but often good outcomes are achieved with the support of primary care.
Copyright 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Back pain; Chronic pain; Diagnosis; Fibromyalgia; Investigations
Wiad Lek. 2015;68(1):60-6.

[The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and course of multiple

sclerosis].
[Article in Polish]
Gral A, Brola W, Kasprzyk M, Przybylski W.

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system, with an unknown aetiology. The pathogenesis of MS is mainly related with the autoimmune
process, environmental factors and genetic predispositions. In recentyears, hypovitaminosis D has
been considered as an independent factor increasing the risk of multiple sclerosis. Hypovitaminosis D
is defined as a condition in which the concentration of 25(OH)D in serum is lower than 75 nmol/l (30
ng/ml). Numerous studies have documented the relation between the occurrence of MS, its course
and activity, and vitamin D concentration dependent on sunlight and dietary intake. Conclusions from
research on the effectiveness of supplementation have also been presented. They indicate the
necessity of using higher doses of calcitriol. Most authors consider a preventive dose of 4000 IU daily
as safe and well-tolerated by people living in low-insolation latitudes. It has been pointed out that
vitamin D supplementation is indicated and effective only in cases of actual deficiency. The low risk
and low cost of vitamin D supplementation, as well as patients' positive attitude towards it, makes it a
promising strategy for decreasing the incidence and alleviating the signs and symptoms of multiple
sclerosis.

Can Vitamin D Help MS?

By Kara Mayer Robinson
WebMD Feature
Reviewed by Neil Lava, MD

You may have heard some buzz about vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. There are some hopeful signs
that it can ease your symptoms, but researchers still have a lot of work to do before we know for sure.
"There's no perfect study," says Matthew McCoyd, MD, an MS specialist at Loyola University Medical
Center. But some research suggests several ways that vitamin D can be good for you, whether you
have MS now or want to keep it at bay:
Slows down the disease. Researchers checked the symptoms of people in an early stage of MS.
They found that after 5 years, those with more vitamin D in their blood had fewer problems.
Prevents MS. Studies show that children who get a lot of sunlight, which is one way to get vitamin D,
are less likely to get the disease when they grow up.
Some research also shows that people who live away from the equator, where there's less sunlight,
have a higher rate of MS.
It's not yet clear how vitamin D helps, McCoyd says. It may be good for your immune system. This is
your body's defense against germs, and when you have MS, it isn't working right.

How Much Do I Need?

There's a lot of debate about how much vitamin D you should get each day. The National Multiple
Sclerosis Society suggests you aim for 200-600 international units (IU).
A blood test that checks your levels can tell you if you're on track.
Matthew Brennecke, ND, a naturopathic doctor in Fort Collins, CO, says most people get too little
vitamin D, not just those with MS.
How Can I Boost My Levels?
Sunlight. Try to get 10-15 minutes a day. But don't overdo it, since too much sun raises your risk of
skin cancer.
Food. Salmon, mackerel, tuna, and sardines have vitamin D. There are also small amounts in beef
liver, cheese, and egg yolks.
Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun 6. pii: S0261-5614(15)00151-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.019. [Epub ahead of
print]

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban health checkup

population.
Ning Z1, Song S2, Miao L3, Zhang P3, Wang X4, Liu J3, Hu Y3, Xu Y3, Zhao T5, Liang Y5, Wang Q5, Liu L6,
Zhang J7, Hu L7, Huo M8, Zhou Q8.

Author information

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical

University, Beijing 100020, China. Electronic address: ningzhiwei@hotmail.com.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical
University, Beijing 100020, China.
ACURE Biotechnology, Inc. 8780 Manahan Dr. Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University,

Beijing 100020, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
100020, China.
Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
Affiliate Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province 67000 China.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Vitamin D deficiency is documented as a common health problem in the world. Limited data has been
found on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Beijing area.
AIM:

To investigate the prevalence s of vitamin D deficiency in urban Beijing residents and the seasonal and
monthly serum 25(OH)D variation in this population.
METHODS:
This is an urban hospital based cross-sectional study lasting whole 2 years. 5531 (5-101 years old)
urban Beijing residents for health checkup are recruited from December 9th, 2011 to December 8th,
2013. Each subject completed a questionnaire designed to quantify intake of vitamin D through food,
vitamin D supplements, hours of sun exposure, sunscreen use over the past month. Serum 25(OH)D
is statistically analyzed in accordance with gender, age, and time-lines.
RESULTS:
Vitamin D deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D level 20 ng/mL) and sever deficiency (Serum 25(OH)D
level 10 ng/mL) are highly prevalent in this population. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is
87.1% and higher prevalence is found in female (89.0%) than male (84.9% P < 0.001). Severe vitamin
D deficiency is also higher in female than male (59.3% and 42.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). Female
under 20 and over 80 have lower 25(OH)D levels compared to 40-60 years old female (both P < 0.05).
Severe vitamin D deficiency are also highly prevalence in this two group (60.9% and 54.1%) compared
with 40-60 years old females (43.1%, both P < 0.05). Seasonal variation are also found in this
population (P < 0.01). Autumn and summer have the higher 25(OH)D level than winter and spring in
both genders (P < 0.001). Winter and spring have higher vitamin D deficiency and Severe deficiency
than the other two seasons (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level peaks in October and troughed in April in
both female and male. Lower serum 25(OH)D level are found in April than February (P < 0.05) in both
gender.
CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first time to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among urban Beijing residents
spanning the age spectrum. And Vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency is found highly prevalent
in this population, especially among females under 20 and older than 80 and in winter and spring
seasons. Targeted prevention on vitamin D deficiency is urgent for this population.
Copyright 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights
reserved.
KEYWORDS:
25-hydroxy vitamin D; Chinese; Prevalence; Season; Vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency

Zato je vaan vitamin D?

Pretpostavlja se da milijarda ljudi u svetu danas ima manjak vitamina D. Ono to je novost su rezultati mnogih studija koji pokazuju da manjak vitamina D istovremeno znai i
vei rizik od sranih i malignih oboljenja, da ugroava imunitet poveava anse oboljevanja od dijabetesa.

Izvor: ponedeljak, 14.06.2010. | 10:56

POVEZANE VESTI

Dah otkriva simptome raka

400 obolelih od raka debelog creva

Folna kiselina ne spreava polipe

Posebno je zanimljiva jedna od poslednjih studija koja govori o znaajno manjoj uestalosti tuberkuloze plua kod onih koji uzimaju dovoljno vitamina D. Tuberkuloza je i onako
u velikoj meri pitanje imuniteta. I pitanje koje se namee je - da li planinski sanatorijumi lee tuberkulozu "zdravim vazduhom", ili poveanjem koncentracije i sinteze vitamina D?

Vitamin D je vitamin rastvorljiv u mastima sa razliitim funkcijama u naem organizmu. Nastaje u koi, gde od provitamina, a pod dejstvom UV zraka prelazi u vitamin D.
Provitamina ima u razliitim mastima, ali ja podvlaim riblje ulje. Vitamin D je vaan kako za fiziko, tako i za mentalno zdravlje.
Da bi organizam imao dovoljno vitamina D, minimalan dnevni unos bi trebao da bude 5 mikrograma odnosno 200 internacionalnih jedinica dnevno (u SAD se ve govori da je
optimalan unos 50 mikrograma). Valja znati da je osobama tamne koe potrebno est puta vie UV zraka da bi se stvorilo dovoljno vitamina D, da se kod gojaznih osoba vitamin
D odlae u masno tkivo i da stare osobe imaju manje prekurzora vitamina D u koi.
Direktna posledica hroninog manjka vitamina D je osteoporoza ("krte kosti"). Javlja kod ena, sve vie i kod mukaraca, uporedo sa godinama starosti. Kod osoba preko 50
godina, frakture zbog osteoporoze javljaju se kod svake druge ene i kod svakog petog mukarca, dok se prelomi prljenova esto ne prepoznaju i ne dijagnostikuju, to vodi
looj prognozi.
Najbolji nain prevencije osteoporoze je uzimanje, jo u mladosti, jednog grama kalcijuma dnevno, najbolje u obliku mlenih proizvoda. Vitamin D je, sa kalcijumom i uz vebanje
- startna terapija za osteoporozu. Novija studija BMJ govori o znaajno manjoj uestalosti padova kod ljudi koji uzimaju dovoljno vitamina D. Prevencija se ne odnosi samo na
manji broj preloma zbog vrih kostiju, ve i na miinu snagu koja je vea kod uzimanja vitamina D.
Uz sve reeno, rezultati studija pokazuju da su osobe koje su uzimale dovoljno vitamina D, za 60% smanjili rizik od kancera debelog creva! Nadalje, vitamin D je u laboratorijskim
istraivanjima usporavao starenje elije. Postoje i radovi koji govore da su kognitivne funkcije bolje u onih koji imaju optimalan unos vitamina D. Ovome treba dodati i reference o
vezi izmeu deficita vitamina D i povienog krvnog pritiska, masti u krvi i pokazatelja inflamacije (zapaljenja). Svi navedeni faktori rizika vode eem obolevanju od sranih
bolesti.
itajui sve ovo, verovatno se pitate: ta da radim? Dermatolozi govore o velikom riziku od raka koe ako se izlaemo suncu. A ovde se govori o riziku obolevanja od niza ozbiljnih
bolesti ako postoje deficit vitamina D. Evo odgovora: prema najnovijim istraivanjima dovoljno je da ruke i noge izloite suncu 5 do 30 minuta, dva puta nedeljno i da tako
izbegnete rizik od manjka vitamina D. I ne zaboravite: nedeljni unos ribe bogate korisnim mastima (sardine, skue, tuna, losos) zadovoljavaju potrebe za prekurzorima vitamina
D.
ta bi bila neka generalna preporuka za uzimanje vitamina? Zdrave osobe ne trebaju da uzimaju suplemente vitamina za preventivu, ve da te potrebe zadovoljavaju zdravom
ishranom . A osobe sa nekim hroninim bolestima i posebnim naslednim optereenjem za neke bolesti, mogu i treba da uzimaju vitamine, ali samo po savetu lekara.
Tuberkoloza i dalje hara
Povodom nedavno obeleenog Meunardnog dana borbe protiv tuberkuloze Svetska zdravstvena organizacija je objavila da je treina svetske populacije inficirana bacilom
tuberkuloze od ega e se 10 odsto ljudi razboleti ili postati zarazno. U 2008. od ove bolesti je 1,3 miliona ljudi, a broj novoobolelih se posebno poveava u jugoistonoj Aziji, Africi
i istonom Mediteranu. (S. L.)
Tano je da preterano izlaganje suncu poveava rizik od malignoma koe, ali mnoge studija govore da deficit vitamina D i neizlaganje suncu poveava rizik od svih ostalih
karcinoma

J Neurol Sci. 2015 Jun 7. pii: S0022-510X(15)00350-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.009. [Epub ahead of
print]

Vitamin D and cognitive function: The Troms Study.

Jorde R1, Mathiesen EB2, Rogne S3, Wilsgaard T4, Kjrgaard M5, Grimnes G6, Schirmer H7.

Author information

Troms Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic
University of Norway, 9037 Troms, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
of North Norway, 9038 Troms, Norway; The School of Population Health, University of
Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: rolf.jorde@unn.no.
Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic
University of Norway, Norway; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University
Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Troms, Norway. Electronic address:
ellisiv.mathiesen@ism.uit.no.
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Troms, Norway.
Electronic address: sigrogne@online.no.
Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Troms,
Norway. Electronic address: tom.wilsgaard@ism.uit.no.
Troms Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic
University of Norway, 9037 Troms, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
of North Norway, 9038 Troms, Norway. Electronic address: marie.kjaergaard@unn.no.

Troms Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic
University of Norway, 9037 Troms, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
of North Norway, 9038 Troms, Norway. Electronic address: guri.grimnes@unn.no.
Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Troms, Norway;
Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway,
9038 Troms, Norway. Electronic address: h.schirmer@ucl.ac.uk.

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
There are indications that vitamin D may be important for more than skeletal health, including cognitive
function.
METHODS:
The study was performed in Troms, Northern Norway (The Troms Study). In a cross-sectional study
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured and cognitive function (word recall, digit-symbol
coding, finger tapping, Mini Mental State Examination) tested in 4624 subjects; in a prospective study
serum 25(OH)D was measured in samples from 1994 and compared to cognitive function tested in
3436 subjects in 2001 and 2044 subjects in 2007; and in a Mendelian randomization study single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D were evaluated versus cognitive function in
5980 subjects.
RESULTS:
In the cross-sectional study all tests were positively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels with ~5%
better performance in subjects in the highest versus lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile. This relation was
only seen in subjects older than 65years. After full adjustment for season, age, gender, body mass
index, blood pressure, physical activity and education, the relation was only significant for finger
tapping. In the prospective study, serum 25(OH)D from 1994 similarly predicted cognitive function 713years later. In the Mendelian randomization study, only one SNP in the VDR gene (Apal, rs7975232)
was significantly associated with cognition (word recall and digit-symbol coding).
CONCLUSIONS:
There is an association between serum 25(OH)D and cognition, but randomized controlled trials are
needed to establish causality.
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Cognition; Mendelian randomization; Polymorphisms; Prospective study; Vitamin D; Vitamin D
receptor
PMID:
26092373
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jun 19:jc20151643. [Epub ahead of print]

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in black and in white children:

a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Rajakumar K1, Moore CG2,3, Yabes J2,3, Olabopo F1, Ann Haralam M1, Comer D2,3, Bogusz J4, Nucci A5,
Sereika S6, Dunbar-Jacob J6, Holick MF4, Greenspan SL3.

Author information

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Department of Nutrition, GA State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Abstract
CONTEXT:
Dosages of vitamin D necessary to prevent or treat vitamin D deficiency in children remain to be
clarified.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the effects of vitamin D3 1000 IU/day on serum 25(OH)D, PTH, and markers of bone
turnover (osteocalcin and collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide) in black and in white children;
and to explore whether there is a threshold level of 25(OH)D associated with maximal suppression of
serum PTH concentration.
DESIGN:
Healthy 8- to 14-yr-old Pittsburgh-area black (N=84) and white (N=73) children not receiving vitamin
supplements, enrolled during October through March of 2008 through 2011, were randomized to
vitamin D3 1000 IU or placebo daily for 6 months.
RESULTS:
The mean baseline concentration of 25(OH)D was <20 ng/mL in both the vitamin D-supplemented and
the placebo group (19.87.6 and 18.86.9 ng/mL, respectively). Mean concentration was higher in the
supplemented group than in the placebo group at 2 months (26.48.1 vs 18.98.1 ng/mL, P<0.0001)
and also at 6 months (26.77.6 vs. 22.47.3, P=0.003), after adjusting for baseline 25(OH)D, race,
gender, pubertal status, dietary vitamin D intake, body mass index, and sunlight exposure. Increases
were significant only in black children, when examined by race. The association between 25(OH)D
and PTH concentrations was inverse and linear without evidence of a plateau. Overall, vitamin D
supplementation had no effect on PTH and bone turnover.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vitamin D3 supplementation with 1000 IU/day in children with mean baseline 25(OH)D concentration
<20 ng/mL effectively raised their mean 25(OH)D concentration to 20 ng/mL but failed to reach 30
ng/mL. Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on PTH concentrations.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jun 18. pii: bjophthalmol-2014-306534. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014306534. [Epub ahead of print]

The Diabetes Visual Function Supplement Study (DiVFuSS).

Chous AP1, Richer SP2, Gerson JD3, Kowluru RA4.

Author information

Private Practice, Tacoma, Washington, USA.

Captain James A Lovell Federal Heath Care Center, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Private Practice, Olathe, Kansas, USA.
Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Diabetes is known to affect visual function before onset of retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy (DR)).
Protection of visual function may signal disruption of mechanisms underlying DR.
METHODS:
This was a 6-month randomised, controlled clinical trial of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with
no retinopathy or mild to moderate non-proliferative retinopathy assigned to twice daily consumption of
placebo or a novel, multi-component formula containing xanthophyll pigments, antioxidants and
selected botanical extracts. Measurement of contrast sensitivity, macular pigment optical density,
colour discrimination, 5-2 macular threshold perimetry, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms,
foveal and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids, 25-OH-vitamin
D, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-a) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were taken at
baseline and 6months. Outcomes were assessed by differences between and within groups at
baseline and at study conclusion using meand SDs and t tests (p<0.05) for continuous variables.
RESULTS:
There were no significant intergroup differences at baseline. At 6months, subjects on active
supplement compared with placebo had significantly better visual function on all measures (p values
ranging from 0.008 to <0.0001), significant improvements in most serum lipids (p values ranging from
0.01 to 0.0004), hsCRP (p=0.01) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (Fisher's exact test, p=0.0024)
No significant changes in retinal thickness, HbA1c, total cholesterol or TNF- were found between the
groups.
CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides strong evidence of clinically meaningful improvements in visual function, hsCRP
and peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes, both with and without retinopathy, and without
affecting glycaemic control.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:
www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01646047.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted
under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
KEYWORDS:
Clinical Trial; Colour vision; Field of vision; Macula; Retina
PMID:
26089210
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Free full text
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2015 Jun 10;12:24. doi: 10.1186/s12986-015-0019-0. eCollection 2015.

Adiposity measures and vitamin D concentrations in Northeast

Germany and Denmark.
Hannemann A1, Thuesen BH2, Friedrich N1, Vlzke H3, Steveling A4, Ittermann T3, Hegenscheid K5,
Nauck M1, Linneberg A6, Wallaschofski H1.

Author information

Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald,

Greifswald, Germany.
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald,

Greifswald, Germany.
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark ;
Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup,
Denmark ; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Body mass index (BMI) and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD) concentrations are inversely
related. As BMI contains only limited information regarding body fat distribution, we aimed to analyze
the cross-sectional associations of abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue, next to
common adiposity measures, with the 25OHD concentration.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from three cohorts of two large epidemiological studies in the northeast of
Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-1 and SHIP-Trend), and in Denmark (Health2006). The
study populations included adult men and women from the general population (N = 3072 SHIP-1, N =
803 SHIP-Trend, N=3195 Health2006). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were quantified by
magnetic resonance imagining (SHIP-Trend) or ultrasound (Health2006). Common adiposity
measures, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, body surface
area, and body fat percentage were determined by standardized methods in SHIP-1 and Health2006.
RESULTS:
The average study participant was overweight (median BMI 27.4, 26.6, and 25.2 kg/m(2) in SHIP-1,
SHIP-Trend, and Health2006, respectively). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as the
common adiposity measures were inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in linear
regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking status, and
month of blood sampling.
CONCLUSIONS:
Next to common adiposity measures, also abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue are
inversely associated with serum 25OHD concentrations in the general adult population.
KEYWORDS:
Abdominal adipose tissue; Body fat; Body mass index; Obesity; Population-based; Vitamin D
Cancer Causes Control. 2015 Jun 18. [Epub ahead of print]

Adolescent dietary vitamin D and sun exposure in relation to benign

breast disease.
Boeke CE1, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E, Malspeis S, Willett WC, Frazier AL.

Author information

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue,

Boston, MA, 02115, USA, caroline.boeke@mail.harvard.edu.
1

Abstract
PURPOSE:
Vitamin D may reduce cell proliferation and tumor growth in breast tissue, and exposure may be most
important during adolescence when breast tissue is developing. In the Nurses' Health Study II, higher
recalled adolescent vitamin D intake was associated with a lower risk of benign breast disease (BBD).
Our study aimed to assess adolescent vitamin D exposure in relation to BBD in young women.
METHODS:
Vitamin D was assessed in 6,593 adolescent girls (9-15 years of age at baseline) in the prospective
Growing Up Today Study cohort using the mean energy-adjusted intakes from food frequency
questionnaires in 1996, 1997, and 1998. In 1999, 5,286 girls reported skin color, sunscreen use,
tanning bed use, and number of sunburns in the past year, and we used state of residence to assess

low versus high ultraviolet index. Biopsy-confirmed BBD was reported on questionnaires in 2005,
2007, and 2010 (n = 122).
RESULTS:
Dietary vitamin D, tanning behaviors, and other sun exposure variables were not significantly
associated with BBD in logistic regression models adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer or
BBD, age at menarche, nulliparity, alcohol intake, body mass index, and physical activity. The relative
risk for the top (>467 IU/day) versus bottom (<243 IU/day) quartile of vitamin D intake was 0.76 (95 %
CI 0.47, 1.23).
CONCLUSIONS:
Sun exposure was not significantly associated with BBD in this prospective cohort. However, a
suggestive inverse association between dietary vitamin D and BBD was observed that merits further
study.
PMID:
26084210
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vitamin D Deficiency
By Mary Anne Dunkin, Reviewed by Elaine Magee, MPH, RD on May 24, 2014

If you shun the sun, suffer from milk allergies, or adhere to a strict vegan diet, you may be at
risk for vitamin D deficiency. Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is produced by the
body in response to skin being exposed to sunlight. It is also occurs naturally in a few foods -including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks -- and in fortified dairy and grain products.
Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet.
Traditionally, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with rickets, a disease in which the
bone tissue doesn't properly mineralize, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformities. But
increasingly, research is revealing the importance of vitamin D in protecting against a host of
health problems.
See More About the Benefits of Vitamin D

Symptoms and Health Risks of Vitamin D Deficiency

Symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness can mean you have a vitamin D deficiency.
However, for many people, the symptoms are subtle. Yet, even without symptoms, too little

vitamin D can pose health risks. Low blood levels of the vitamin have been associated with
the following:

Increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease

Cognitive impairment in older adults

Severe asthma in children

Cancer

Research suggests that vitamin D could play a role in the prevention and treatment of a
number of different conditions, including type1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, glucose
intolerance, and multiple sclerosis.

Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency can occur for a number of reasons:
You don't consume the recommended levels of the vitamin over time. This is likely if you
follow a strict vegan diet, because most of the natural sources are animal-based, including fish
and fish oils, egg yolks, cheese, fortified milk, and beef liver.
Your exposure to sunlight is limited. Because the body makes vitamin D when your skin is
exposed to sunlight, you may be at risk of deficiency if you are homebound, live in northern
latitudes, wear long robes or head coverings for religious reasons, or have an occupation that
prevents sun exposure.
You have dark skin. The pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D in
response to sunlight exposure. Some studies show that older adults with darker skin are at
high risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Jan;39(1):61-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.165. Epub 2014 Sep 5.

Deficit of vitamin D in pregnancy and growth and overweight in the

offspring.
Morales E1, Rodriguez A2, Valvi D3, Iiguez C4, Esplugues A4, Vioque J5, Marina LS6, Jimnez A7,
Espada M8, Dehli CR9, Fernndez-Somoano A10, Vrijheid M3, Sunyer J1.

Author information

1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

[2] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3]
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [4] CIBER Epidemiologa y
Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
1] Hospital de Sabadell, Corporaci Sanitria Parc Taul, Institut Universitari ParcTaul-UAB,
Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain [2] Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, Campus d'Excelncia
Internacional Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

10

1] Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

[2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3] CIBER Epidemiologa y
Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
1] CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Centre for Public
Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
1] CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Departamento de
Salud Publica, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain.
1] CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Public Health
Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain [3] Health
Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastin, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
1] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
[2] Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastin, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Clinical Chemistry Unit, Public Health Laboratory of Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain.
Hospital San Agustn, Avils, Oviedo, Spain.

1] CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain [2] Department of

Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Maternal vitamin D status during fetal development may influence offspring growth and risk of obesity;
however, evidence in humans is limited.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration in
pregnancy is associated with offspring prenatal and postnatal growth and overweight.
METHODS:
Plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration was measured in pregnant women (median weeks of gestation 14.0,
range 13.0-15.0) from the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort (Spain, 2003-2008) (n = 2358).
Offspring femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated
fetal weight (EFW) were evaluated at 12, 20 and 34 weeks of gestation by ultrasound examinations.
Fetal overweight was defined either as AC or as EFW 90th percentile. Child's anthropometry was
recorded at ages 1 and 4 years. Rapid growth was defined as a weight gain z-score of >0.67 from
birth to ages 6 months and 1 year. Age- and sex-specific z-scores for body mass index (BMI) were
calculated at ages 1 and 4 years (World Health Organization referent); infant's overweight was defined
as a BMI z-score 85th percentile.
RESULTS:
We found no association of maternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with FL and a weak inverse association
with BPD at 34 weeks. Maternal deficit of 25(OH)D3 (<20 ng ml(-1)) was associated with increased
risk of fetal overweight defined as AC 90th percentile (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.01-2.21; P = 0.041) or either as EFW 90th percentile (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.00-2.16;
P = 0.046). No significant associations were found with rapid growth. Deficit of 25(OH)D3 in pregnancy

was associated with an increased risk of overweight in offspring at age 1 year (OR = 1.42, 95% CI:
1.02-1.97; P = 0.039); however, the association was attenuated at age 4 years (OR = 1.19, 95% CI:
0.83-1.72; P = 0.341).
CONCLUSIONS:
Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may increase the risk of prenatal and early postnatal overweight in
offspring. Clinical trials are warranted to determine the role of vitamin D in the early origins of obesity.