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1.
2.
a) autotrophic
b) holozoic
c) saprotrophic
d) parasitic
failure is called
3.
a) artificial kidney
b) dialysis
c) transplantation
d) filtration
a) root hair
b) stem hair
c) Lenticels
d) epidermal cells.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with
9.
a) trypsin
b) amylase
c) pepsin
d) lipase
in clotting of blood?
[ANSWERS]
1.
Holozoic
2.
Dialysis
3.
Lenticels
4.
Mouth
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cuscuta , ticks and leeches, all has parasitic mode of nutrition, they harm their host
while taking nutrition.
Adaptation of terrestrial organism over aquatic organism for efficient uptake of
oxygen from air
(i) Increased respiratory surface area.
(ii) Very fine and delicate surface for easy exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
(iii) Placement of respiratory surface within the body for protection
(iv) Mechanism for moving the air in and out of respiratory surface where the
oxygen is absorbed.
Single Circulation
1. In this, blood passes only once
through the heart in one complete cycle
2. Heart has only deoxygenated blood
3. It is less efficient
Double Circulation
Blood passes, twice through the
heart in one complete
Heart has both oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood
It is more efficient
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Protein
Starch
Protein
Lipids
10.
Functions of lymph area) It returns tissue fluid from interstitial space into the blood.
b) It collects carbon dioxide, waste products and metabolites from tissues via
tissue fluid.
c) Lymph has lymphocytes (WBCS), the lymph provides in immunity to the body
and fight against the invading organisms.
11.
Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs with the help of respiratory
pigment haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a red pigment having very high affinity for
oxygen. Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body cells in the form of
oxyhemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is transported from the body cells to the lungs in
the form of carbamino haemoglobin
12.
13.
a)
b)
14.
Formation of clot at the site of injury to stop bleeding is known as clotting of blood.
Steps for clotting of blood
1.
a) Duodenum
c) Ileum
3.
b) Jejunum
d) Rectum
c) Valves in heart
4.
5.
Name the plant tissue through which water and minerals are transported in
plants
6.
7.
8.
9.
What type of respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous exercise
and why?
10. What is translocation? Why it is essential for plants.
11. How respiration does takes place in plants?
12. How is transpiration pull responsible for upward movement of water?
13. Discuss the major steps involved in process of nutrition in human beings.
14. With the help of a labelled diagram of human excretory system, Mention its
[ANSWERS]
1.
They convert CO2 and water into carbohydrates in the absence of sunlight
2.
Rectum
3.
Valves in heart.
4.
5.
Xylem
6.
7.
Arteries
Veins
1. It carries blood away from the It carries blood towards the heart.
heart.
2. They are thin walled.
They are thick walked
3. They have narrow lumen
They have wide lumen
4. Pressure is high
Pressures is low
5. It carries oxygenated blood.
It caries deoxygenated blood
8.
Finger like projection present in the inner lining of small intestine are called villi.
They increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food in the small
intestine.
9.
11.
a) Some small plants can carry out gaseous exchange by simple diffusion over their
whole surfaces.
b) Large flowering plants exchange gases through stomata on their leaves and
green stem.
c) In woody stems, exchange occurs through cracks in the bark or lenticels.
12.
The leaves loose water in the form of water vapours through stomata by a process
known as transpiration. Continuous transpiration creates a s suction in the water
column of the xylem elements and it reaches upto the roots. This pull is called
transpiration pull. Due to transpiration, the water column of the plant is pulled up
from below to the top of the plant.
13.
14.
1)
2)
3)
4)
2.
3.
Trachea do not collapse when there is not much air because they are
c) Have valves
d) supported by larynx.
Which one of the following blood vessels contains only deoxygenated blood?
a) pulmonary vein
b) pulmonary artery
c) capillaries
d) Aorta
a) Chlorophyll
b) Sunlight
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
gases
14. (i) Draw a well labeled diagram of human digestive system
[ANSWERS]
1.
2.
Pulmonary artery
3.
4.
Haemoglobin
5.
6.
The closing and openings of the stomata is regulated by guard cells. When the guard
cells swell or turgid due to entry of water, the stomata are opened. The guard cells
shrink due to loss of water, the stomata get closed.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Anaerobic Respiration
a) It occurs in the absence of oxygen
b) It occurs in cytoplasm
c) Incomplete breakdown of glucose
d) End products are CO2 and ethyl alcohol
or lactic acid
It is easier to digest meat because our digestive juices contain enzymes which can
easily digest meat but our body does not digest cellulose which is a main component
of grass.
Steps of Nutrition in amoeba
a)
Formation of pseudopodia When Amoeba comes in contact with a food
particle, it forms pseudopodia which envelops food particles.
b)
Ingestion The tips of pseudopodia fuse with each other, together with
variable amount of food particles and water, forms food vacuole, this
process is known as ingestion.
c)
d)
11.
Leaf has two parts :(i) Epidermis Outermost layer of cell is called epidermis. Lower epidermis has
small pores in between cells called stomata.
(ii) Mesophyll Parenchymatons cells containing chloroplast is called mesophyll. It
is two types palisade and spongy parenchyma.
12.
Lymph- The fluid present in the spaces between the cells in the tissues is called
tissue fluid or lymph.
Functions of lymph :(i) It returns tissue fluid from the interstitial spaces into the blood.
(ii) Lymph capillaries of intestinal villi called lacteals helps in absorption of fats.
(iii) It collects carbondioxide, waste products and metabolites form tissues via
tissue fluid.
13.
Lungs have some adaptations in them so that efficient exchanges of gases take place.
The adaptations are
a) Increased surface area
b) Very fine and delicate surface for easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) Mechanism for moving the air in and out of respiratory surface where the
oxygen is absorbed.
14.
a)
b)
c)
1.
When air is blown from mouth into a test tube containing lime water, the lime
2.
a) oxygen
b) nitrogen
c) water vapours
d) carbon dioxide
In which of the following group/ groups of animals, heart does not pump
b) Amphibians only
a) Ureter
b) Urethra
c) Neurons
d) nephrons.
4.
5.
Which of them contain less nitrogenous waste renal vein or the renal artery?
6.
7.
8.
Why is it essential to match the blood groups of donors and receiver person
birds?
10. Dark reaction of photosynthesis does not need light. Do plants undergo dark
human beings.
[ANSWERS]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Carbon dioxide
Pisces only
Nephrons
Fungi Saprophytic
Plasmodium parasitic
Renal vein
6.
Xylem
Phloem
a) It transport water and minerals
a) It transport food materials
b) Transport of substances in upwards b) Transport of substances in both
direction only.
directions upward & downward
7.
8.
RBCs of blood carries antigen as well as antibody. If blood is not matched before
transfusion then blood of receiver start producing antibodies against donor blood and
destroys blood cells, this causes deficiency of blood and causes death.
9.
10.
Dark reaction does not mean that it occurs in the absence of light i.e., at night. Infact
these reactions do not depend on light energy and occur simultaneously with light
reaction.
11.
Inhalation
Exhalation
It is taking in of air from the It is expelling out of air from the lungs.
atmosphere
Diaphragm contract & flattens.
Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome
shaped.
Ribs movement is forward & outward.
Ribs movement is downward & inward
Volume of thoracic cavity increases
Volume of thoracic cavity decreases
Pressure of thoracic cavity decreases
Pressure of thoracic cavity increases
12.
13.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
14.
1.
2.
a) teeth
b) cilia
c) pseudopodia
d) tentacles
pyruvate
CO2 + H 2O + Energy.
cytoplasm
mitochondira
b)Glucose
pyruvate
CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy.
cytoplsam
mitochondria
c)Glucose
pyruvate + Energy
CO 2 + H 2 O
mitochondria
cytoplsam
d)Glucose
pyruvate + Energy
CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy
3.
Name the part of alimentary canal receiving bile from the liver.
a) Oesophagus
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
4.
What is glycolysis?
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. What is role of skin, lungs and intestine in the process of excretion in man?
11. Explain the structure of chloroplast.
12. Why and how does water enter continuously into the root xylem of plants?
13. What is the role of following in human digestive system
a) mucous
b) Bicarbonate
c) Trypsin
14. Describe an experiment to prove that carbon dioxide is essential for the process
of photosynthesis.
[ANSWERS]
1.
2.
Pseudopodia
cytoplasm
mitochondira
pyruvate
Glucose
CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy.
3.
4.
5.
Small Intestine.
Breakdown of Glucose into pyruvate is known as glycolysis.
Aorta
6.
The trachea is supported by cartilaginous rings which prevent the collapsing even when
there is not much air in it.
7.
8.
Diaphragm changes its shape during inhalation and exhalation and increases and
decreases volume of thoracic cavity respectively. This causes entry and expel of air from
lungs.
9.
The right and left parts are separated by a septum to prevent oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood from mixing. This fulfills the constant use of energy to maintain
their body temperature. Their energy needs are high, which are fulfilled efficiently
because of non mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood.
10. Skin Skin excrete excess salts and water in the form of sweat.
Lungs Lungs expel carbon dioxide during exhalation.
Intestine Intestine throw out undigested food in the form of faeces through anus
11. Fig structure of chloroplast.
12. Xylem transports water and minerals to the plant body. The roots of a plant have hair
called root hairs. The root hairs are directly in contact with the film of water in between
the soil particles. Water and minerals get into the root hair by the process of diffusion.
The water and minerals absorbed by the root hair form the soil pass from cell to cell by
osmosis through the epidermis root cortex, endodermis and reaches the root xylem. The
xylem vessels of the root the plant are connected to the xylem vessels into stem.
Therefore the water containing dissolved minerals enter the root xylem vessels into
stem xylem vessels. The xylem vessels of the stem branch into the leaves of the plants.
So the water & minerals carried by the xylem vessels in the stem reach the leaves
through the branched xylem vessels which enter from the petiole into the each part of
the leaf. Thus the water and minerals form the soil reach through the root and stem to
the leaves of the plants.
Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls
water form the xylem cells of roots. The loss of water in the form of vapour from the
aerial parts of the plants is known as transpiration.
13. a) Mucus It protects the inner living of stomach from HCl.
b) Bricarbonate It makes the acidic food alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes act on it.
c) Trypsin It digest proteins into amino acids.
14. Experiment showing Co2 is essential for photosynthesis.
1) Take a potted plant with elongated leaves
2) Take an empty bottle and put a little amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in it.
3) Now cut the cork of the bottle into two parts and place it on one of the leaves of the
potted plant in between the two parts of the cork.
4) Now put the bottle in the presence of sunlight 72 96 hours.
5) Now test the leaf for the presence of starch.
1.
2.
3.
a) Synapse
b) Synapsis
c) Joint
d) Junction
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxin
c) Oestrogen
d) Cytokinin
5.
Name the two sets of nerves that constitute the peripheral nervous system.
6.
How involuntary actions and reflex actions are different form each other?
7.
8.
(i) Swallowing
(ii) hearing
9.
Synapse
2.
Cytokinin
3.
4.
5.
6.
Involuntary action
The action which we cannot do by
thinking about them is called
involuntary action.
Involuntary actions are controlled by
brain
Reflex action
An action or response which in immediate
and that does not need processing by the
brain is called reflex action.
Reflex actions are controlled by spinal cord.
7.
Iodine is required by the thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone. Iodised salt
provides iodine needed by thyroid gland to make sufficient thyroxin for our body. The
use of iodised salt prevents risk of goiter.
8.
9.
10.
Functions of Gibberllins
(i) Stimulate stem elongation.
(ii) Help in breaking seed dormancy.
(iii) Promote flowering in some plants even under unfavorable conditions
(iv) Help in seed germination.
(v) Promote production of male flowers.
11.
12.
The nerve impulse gets transmitted through the synapse by means of chemical
signals. When a stimulus acts on the receptor, chemical reaction is set off which
produces an impulse in it. This impulse travels form the dendrite of presynaptic
neuron to its cell body and then along its axon. At the end of axon of this neuron, the
electrical impulse releases tiny amount of a chemical substance crosses the synapse
and starts a similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron.
13.
a)
b)
14.
Nervous System
Made of neurons
Messages transmitted in the form of
electrical impulses
Messages transmitted along nerve
fibres.
Messages travel very quickly.
Effect of message usually lasts for a
very short while
Sense organs are receptors as nerve
cells located in them receive
information.
Hormonal System
Made of secretory cells.
Message transmitted in the form of
chemicals called hormones.
Messages transmitted through blood
stream.
Messages travel very slowly.
Effect of message usually lasts longer
Glands are effectors which secrete
hormones when as and when the brain
commands.
2.
a) Piamater
b) Duramater
c) Cranium
d) Meninges
3.
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Relaxin
d) Oxytocin
4.
5.
Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
6.
7.
8.
How does a touch me not plant respond on touching? What is this movement
called?
9.
a) Thyroxine
b) Insulin
c) Adrenaline
d) Growth hormone
e) Testosterone.
Cranium
2.
3.
Estrogen
4.
Auxin
5.
Cerebellum
6.
Insulin hormone which is secreted by pancreas regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. In
diabetic patients it is not secreted in required amount therefore blood sugar level rises and
causes various harmful effects. So, to prevent these effects some patients of diabetes are
treated by giving injections of insulin.
7.
8.
Touch me not plant folds its leaflets on touching. This type of movement is called Growth
independent movement.
9.
Phytohormones are special chemical compounds released by different parts of plant. They
help to co ordinate growth, development and responses to the environment. They are
synthesized at site away from where they act and simple diffuse to the area of action. These
are
a) Auxin b) Gibberlins c) Cytokinin d) Abscisic acid e) Ethylene.
10. Pituitary gland is also known as master gland because it controls the activities of most of the
gland. It regulates the secretion of other glands. Likea) Growth hormones Body growth and development of bones
b) Thyroid stimulating hormone Secretion of hormones form thyroid gland.
c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone Secretion of hormones form adrenal glands.
d) Follicle stimulating hormone Stimulating of growth of ovaries and testes
e) Luteinsing hormone Secretion of hormone from ovaries & testes
f) Prolactin Regulation of function of mammary gland. Hence, most of functions are
controlled by pituitary gland so it is called master gland.
2.
a) Pituitary
b) Adrenal
c) Thyroid
d) Parathyroid
a) effect of light
b) effect of gravity
c) rapid cell division in tendrillar cells in contact with the support
d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are away from the support
3.
Dwarfism results by
5.
6.
7.
about?
8.
9.
10. List the function of testosterone and estrogen. Where are they secreted?
11. Define nerve impulse. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a nerve
impulse?
a) Towards the cell body?
Pituitary gland.
2.
Rapid cell divisions in tendrillar sells that are away from support.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A reflex action is one which we perform automatically. The sensory and motor nerves
meet at a point in the spinal cord on their way to the brain. Thus the information
through sensory nerves goes to the brain, where thinking process occurs. But if the
reflex action is instant where thinking in not involved then the brain has no role.
7.
Plants do not have a nervous system for control & co ordination like animals but do
give response to external stimuli like touch, light and chemicals etc. plants responses
are mainly of two types Growth dependent and growth in dependent response.
Growth in dependent Responses are because of change in the amount of water. Growth
dependent responses are due to cell divisions.
8.
9.
The working together of the various systems in a body to adjust the vital activities of life
is called co ordination. Forex the nervous system receives information form the
surroundings, then processes and interprets it and finally responds accordingly. The
endocrine system helps in control and co ordination.
10. Testosterone is secreted in males It is responsible for development of male sex organs
and secondary sex characteristics like moustache, beard & voice.
Estrogen is secreted in females it is responsible for development of female sex organs
and secondary sex characteristics like mammary gland and uterine growth.
11. Nerve Impulse It is the passing of information through neurons is in the form of
electrical and chemical signals. This is called nerve impulse.
a) Dendrite
b) Axon
12.
Axon
They are long in size and one in
number
Generally unbranched
Terminal branches have swollen knobs
Direction of nerve impulse is away
from cyton
Dendron
They are small in size and numerous.
Branched
Terminal swollen knobs are absent.
Direction of impulse is towards cyton.
14. Hormones are chemical substances which are secreted in very less amount by
specialized tissues called endocrine glands.
Characteristics of hormones are
1) They are required in very less amount.
2) Hormones are specific in their function.
3) They act away from the site of production.
4) Deficiency or over secretions of hormones have negative effects in the body.
2.
The neurons that carry nerve impulse from spinal cord to effectors are called
a) Sensory neurons
b) motor neurons
c) Inteneurons
d) spinal neurons
b) Testosterone Testes
d) Thyroxin Thyroid gland.
5.
Which part of brain links the endocrine system with nervous system?
6.
7.
Which types of glands in human body secrete hormones? State any one location
for them.
8.
9.
10. What are tropic movements? Name the types of tropic movements in plants.
11. Name the different lobes of cerebrum.
12. How do auxins promote the growth of tendril around a support?
13. Write different between exocrine and endocrine glands.
14. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
Motor neurons.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hypothalamus
6.
The timing and amount of hormones released are regulated by feedback mechanism.
For example, glucose level in the blood is maintained constant (0.1%). The blood
glucose levels may be maintained constantly by either of the following feedback
mechanism.
a) High glucose level in the blood induces the pancreatic cells to produce insulin which
converts glucose to glycogen.
b) Less glucose level in the blood do not induce the pancreateic cells to produce insulin
so that less conversion of glucose to glycogen may occur.
7.
There are three types of glands which secrete hormone in human bodya) Exocrine gland these are duct glands which do not secrete their secretion into the
blood. For ex salivary gland. it secretes salivary amylase which digest starch.
b) Endocrine gland These are ductless gland, and they pour their secretion in blood.
For ex Pituitary gland. It is master gland, controls most of the activities.
c) Heterocrine gland which act as both endocrine and exocrine type of glands. For Ex
Pancreas Endocrine part produces hormone insulin and glycogen and exocrine
part produce digestive enzymes.
8.
9.
10. The bending or movement of a part of plant in response to the external stimulus is
called tropism or tropical movement. It is of following types.
a) Phototropism It is response to light. It may be towards light (positive) or away
from the light (negative).
b) Geotropism It is response to gravity It may be towards stimulus (positive) and
away from the stimulus (negative)
c) Chemotropism - Response to chemicals. It may be positive or negative.
d) Hydrotropism Response to water. It may be positive or negative.
12. When the tip of a tendril touches a support, then the auxins present in its tip move to
that side of tip which is away form the support, auxins promote growth. So, due to more
auxins in it, the side of tendril, away from the support, grow faster and becomes longer
than the side which is in contact with the support and makes the tendril curve towards
the support.
13.
Exocrine gland
Endocrine gland
Ductless glands
Glands are located nearby the site of Glands are located away form the site of
action
action
14. a) Take two glass troughs A and B and fill each one of them two thirds with soil.
b) In troughs A plant a tiny seedling. In trough B plants a similar seedling and places a
clay pot inside the soil.
c) Water the soil in trough A daily and uniformly. Do not water the soil in trough B but
put some water in clay pot and leave both the trough for a few days.
d) Now, dig up the seedling carefully form both the troughs without damaging their
roots.
Observation Roots of seedling in trough in A is straight. The root of seedling in trough
B is bent to the right side i.e., toward the clay pot containing water.
2.
a) Urinary bladder
b) Blood vessels
c) Heart
(i)
(ii)
Centers of hearing, smell, memory, sight, etc are located in fore brain.
(iii)
(iv) Cerebellum does not control posture and balance of the body.
3.
The substance that result into the fall of mature leave and fruits from plants is due
to :
a) auxin
b) gibberllin
c) ABA
d) cytokinin
4.
5.
6.
Name the fluid filled between the menings of the brain. What are its functions?
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
Gibberllin.
4.
5.
Testosterone.
6.
7.
Heterocrine gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Endocrine function
Exocrine function
Produce insulin & glucagon Produce digestive enzymes
Produce
estrogen
and Produce female gametes
progesterone hormone
8.
Stem show positive response towards light and negative response toward gravity.
9.
accordingly. The chemical co ordination is fast as hormones diffuse readily around the
cells.
12.
13. A number of interactions between the environment and the animal are a result of
combined action of both neurons and endocrine system for which specialized tissues
are used to provide control and co ordinations activities.
14.