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Reichmann says The fact of death is certain; what is uncertain is the time, the
place and the circumstances.
Benjamin Franklin said In this world nothing is certain but death and taxes.
There is no point to ask oneself of the question am I going to die? As you push
forward into life, you push forward into death. Each second is one in which death
may occur. We doubt anyone reading this right now is muttering to himself, Ill
never die. If you are, you may want to read Self-Deception for Dummies. Weve got
news for you: You most certainly will die. Unfortunately, Heidegger thinks, most
people think of death inauthentically. They treat it as an event way off in the
future, something distant from life itself.
That was not a threatening gesture, I said, It was only a start of surprise. I was
astonished to see him in Baghdad, for I have an appointment with him tonight in
Samarra.
What is the story all about? How is it related to the lesson?
When you were born, you cried and the world rejoiced.
Live your life in a manner
so that when you die the world cries and you rejoice.
-Native American Proverb
-Norman Cousins
Some existentialists, such as Martin Heidegger, do think facing death is extremely
important if you hope to live an authentic life thats true to who and what you are. But it
doesnt mean languishing around all day being depressed. Instead, as most existentialists
suggest, living authentically means engaging with life in a way that honestly
reflects what you are. This includes reflecting the ways that youre limited as an
existing being and death is one of those limitations. In fact, as far as the
existentialists see it, when you embrace death, you become liberated for the possibility of
actually living. From this angle, its actually those who avoid the confrontation with death
who end up living superficial lives that arent worth living. If you ask us, thats whats
depressing ignoring death!
mortality. But as long as Dasein is, death is still outside of or beyond it. As long as we are
alive, we are projecting possibilities for ourselves. Even though we are aware that we are
mortal, or at least become aware of this the older we become, we continue to think of the
future. We plan what we will do this afternoon, tomorrow, next week, and next year. As
Heidegger has pointed out, we are always ahead of ourselves. One possibility is that
Dasein can experience the death of others. Certainly much can be learned by observing
the death of another person. When we watch another person die, we observe a transition
from one kind of being to another. But we can never experience anothers death.
Heidegger thinks that a meaningful, authentic life requires an embrace of your own
mortality. Heidegger agrees that although you cant know the actual event of
your death, you can face up to the awareness that your end is an inevitable part
of your future. This means recognizing that death is a possibility for you at each
moment. Thus, authentic living is living toward death, actively embracing the fact
that the death is always right up ahead. That is anticipating death. Authentically
embracing death doesnt mean waiting for the event to occur; it means running toward it.
Anticipation is the authentic attitude towards death. If we anticipate death, we face
ourselves authentically. Heidegger says that we can live our lives with freedom towards
death. (BT 266)
Anticipation is an existential attitude towards ones death and the future.
Heidegger distinguished anticipation from expectation. In the face of death, that is, in
confronting that ones existence is limited and finite, expectation seeks a secure and
stable relationship with other human beings and the world of the they, forgetting ones
past and passively awaiting the occurrence of death. Anticipation, on the other hand,
views death as revealing ones uttermost possibility and seeks the meaning of
what lies ahead. In anticipation Dasein finds itself moving toward itself as its own most
potentiality-for-Being.
Anticipation does not release us from our finitude and mortality, but it
does release us from the illusions that take place in the they. In the everyday
mode of being, Dasein interprets the phenomenon of death as an event constantly
occurring in the world. It is a case that happens to others. The general comment is One
of these days one will die too, in the end; but right now it has nothing to do with
us. Dying remains anonymous and it has no connection with the I. In our everyday
lives death is usually concealed. According to Heidegger Daseins tendency to become
lost in the they can result in Daseins trying to avoid death by concealing it.
Contemporary activities in relation to death exemplify this. We seldom say that someone
died. Instead we say that a person passed or indicate that the person has gone
somewhere such as heaven, or to be with God or someone who has died before. We also
assure people, even those we know are dying, that they have a long time to live.
This freedom is sometimes seen in people who have had near-death experiences or
who have been deeply touched by the death of someone else. As they recognize their own
mortality, they are freed to enjoy the present. They may try things they have never tried
before. They may give opinions that earlier they would have held back because they were
too caught up in what others would think. We say that they have accepted death. But this
acceptance does not make them morbid or depressed. In the light of death, each moment
is valued and each decision is viewed in its appropriate significance. Only by taking the
bull by the horns and taking an active stance on death can you live a life thats truly yours.
Odd as it may sound, you have to learn to make death into a way to live.
However, Heidegger isnt advocating suicide. Running toward death doesnt mean
youre seeking it out or trying to make it more likely in the near future. Instead, it means
pushing into the future, or choosing among your possibilities while keeping in
view the fact that one of those possibilities is always that youll die. You
acknowledge that the possibility of your own impossibility, or the fact that one day your
possibilities will end, is always present now; you live with it, so its not a distant, future
event. If you can seriously do that, Heidegger thinks, death may well have a serious
impact on the way you live.
For Heidegger, however, its neither dying nor the actual event of death that he
thinks you need to face up to. Instead, whats central to living authentically is facing up to
what the event implies: One day, you wont be around. If you think about it, its a curious
fact that only human beings are capable of realizing this aspect of their finitude (the fact
that theyll one day end).