Strengthening Techninques

Prior to the repair of structural members, a structural

analysis must be perform to determine if the members
are overloaded or under designed for the service loads.
Interior Reinforcing:
A common method of providing additional
reinforcement across cracked surfaces is to install new
dowels into holes drilled perpendicular to the crack
surfaces. The entire length of the dowel is fixed into
the concrete by use of bonding matrix.

Exterior Reinforcing
Steel elements may be placed on the exterior of an
existing concrete member
The new reinforcement may be encased with
shotcrete, mortar, plaster, or other product, or it may
be left exposed and protected from corrosion with a
coating
Placement of exterior reinforcement may be the most
convenient method for repair and strengthening where
obstructions limit access of equipment needed for
placement of interior reinforcement.

Passive and Active Design

Passive strengthening

Attachment of Steel to Concrete

Exterior post-tensioning
Girders and slabs may be strengthened in both flexure
and shear by addition of external tendons, rods, or
bolts which are prestressed.
The use of high strength prestressing reinforcement
effectively reduces the amount of reinforcement
required in the repair and strengthening procedure.
The prestressing also provides beam camber which
help to reduce deflection.
The addition of a single post-tensioning arrangement
increase both shear and flexural strength.
Placement and stressing of prestressing strands and
rods is often difficult in congested buildings and
interior locations.

Summary of Techniques

Externally Placed Post Tensioning

Summary of Techniques

Internally Placed Post Tensioning

Jackets
Jacketing is the process whereby a section of an
existing structural member is restored to original
dimensions or increased in size by encasement in new
portland cement or polymer-modified portland cement
concrete.
A steel reinforcement cage is constructed around the
damaged section onto which shotcrete or cast-in- place
concrete is placed.

 A variety of materials including conventional concrete

and mortar, epoxy mortar, grout and latex-modified
mortar and concrete have been used as encasement
materials.
Techniques for filling the jacket include pumping,
tremie or preplaced aggregate concrete.
Jacketing is particularly applicable in repair of
deteriorated columns, piers, and piling where all or a
portion of the section to be repaired is under water

Concrete Overlay and Section Enlargement

Beam Overlay

Concrete Overlay and Section Enlargement

Overlay on Top of Slab

Concrete Overlay and Section Enlargement

Beam Overlay

Concrete Overlay and Section Enlargement

Combination Slab and Beam Overlay

Concrete Overlay and Section Enlargement

Soffit Slab Overlay

Column compressive strengthening by

section enlargement

Method A

Column compressive strengthening by

section enlargement

Method B

Column compressive strengthening by

section enlargement

Method C

Column compressive strengthening by

section enlargement

Elevation view of Method A