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Ae2403 - Vibrations and Elements of Aeroelasticity

Slip Test 1
1. Define Simple Harmonic motion.

ANS: In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where
the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite
to that of displacement. Simple harmonic motion can serve as a mathematical model of a variety
of motions, such as the oscillation of a spring. In addition, other phenomena can be approximated
by simple harmonic motion, including the motion of a simple pendulum as well as molecular
vibration. Simple harmonic motion is typified by the motion of a mass on a spring when it is
subject to the linear elastic restoring force given by Hooke's Law. The motion is sinusoidal in
time and demonstrates a single resonant frequency. In order for simple harmonic motion to take
place, the net force of the object at the end of the pendulum must be proportional to the
displacement.

2. State the DAlemberts Principle.

Ans: The principle states that the sum of the differences between the forces acting on a system of
mass particles and the time derivatives of the momenta of the system itself along any virtual
displacement consistent with the constraints of the system, is zero. Thus, in symbols d'Alembert's
principle is written as following,

where
is an integer used to indicate (via subscript) a variable corresponding to a particular
particle in the system,
is the total applied force (excluding constraint forces) on the -th particle,
is the mass of the -th particle,
is the acceleration of the -th particle,
together as product represents the time derivative of the momentum of the -th particle,
and
is the virtual displacement of the -th particle, consistent with the constraints

3. Explain the term Aeroelasticity.

ANS: Aeroelasticity is the branch of physics and engineering that studies the interactions
between the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces that occur when an elastic body is exposed
to a fluid flow. Although historical studies have been focused on aeronautical applications, recent
research has found applications in fields such as energy harvesting [1] and understanding snoring.
[2]
The study of aeroelasticity may be broadly classified into two fields: static aeroelasticity,
which deals with the static or steady response of an elastic body to a fluid flow; and dynamic
aeroelasticity, which deals with the bodys dynamic (typically vibrational) response.
Aeroelasticity draws on the study of fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, structural dynamics and
dynamical systems. The synthesis of aeroelasticity with thermodynamics is known as
aerothermoelasticity, and its synthesis with control theory is known as aeroservoelasticity.

4. What must be the length of the simple pendulum for the period of oscillation
to be equal to 1 second?
ANS: T= ( 2* PI ) * Sqrt( l/g) =>
5. Define Free, Damped and Forced vibrations.
ANS: Refer class notes
6. Define Period, rms amplitude and frequency of Simple Harmonic Motion.
ANS: Refer class notes
7. What are the causes for Vibrations.
ANS: Refer class notes
8. What are the effects of Vibrations.
ANS: Refer class notes
9. Mention different ways to prevent Vibration.
ANS: Refer class notes
10.Differentiate discrete system and continuous system.
ANS: Refer class notes
11.What is Resonance?
ANS: Refer class notes
12.Mention three major types of vibrations with illustrations.

ANS: Refer class notes


13.Draw the free body diagram of a simple pendulum and derive its natural
frequency.
ANS: Refer class notes
14.Derive the equivalent spring constants for two springs in Series and Parallel.
ANS: Refer class notes
15.Using energy method, find the frequency of simple spring mass system.
ANS: K.E = m (dx/dt)2 toatal P.E, U= -mgx + k ( x/2 + st )x ; U= k x2
Total Energy = Total P.E + K.E =const => m (dx/dt) 2 + k x2 = const
Diff w.r.to t => m d2y/dx2 + k x = 0 => n = sqrt( k/m)
16.Two SHMs represented by 3 sin (5t) and 4 cos(5t) are superposed one over
the other, what are the frequency , amplitude and phase difference if any of
the resultant motion.
ANS: Freq= 5, Amp= sqrt(3*3 +4*4) = 5, Phase diff= tan -1(4/3)
17.Two SHMs represented by 5 sin (15t) and 8 cos(15t) are superposed one over
the other, what are the frequency , amplitude and phase difference if any of
the resultant motion.
Ans : Similar to previous one
18.Derive the equivalent spring constants for a cantilever with a spring mass
attached at the free end.
ANS: Refer class notes
19.Derive the equivalent spring constants for stepped bar with three different
Cross sections.
ANS: Refer class notes
20.Determine the natural frequency of rotating shaft for which the rotating mass
assumed to be lumped at the mid point.
Ans : Clue : Simply supported beam with load at the mid point.

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