278413235.

doc

{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=001>}}
2133001
Jenny does an experiment to study torque. She applies a force F on different
positions on a door as shown below. O is the hinge. Suppose every time the door
moves with the same speed and the force F is perpendicular to the door.
F

The data obtained is shown in the table below.

Position

F/N

20

23

27

32

41

Distance from O / cm

80

70

60

50

40

(a) When F is applied at A, what is the torque produced?

(2 marks)

(b) Calculate the torque produced by F at the other four positions. What do you
find about their values?
(5 marks)
(c) Explain what you find in (b).

(1 mark)

(d) If F is parallel to AO, can the door be opened? Explain briefly.

(2 marks)

-- ans -Solutions
(a) Torque produced at A = Fd

Marks
1M

= 20 0.8
= 16 N m

1A

(b) Torque produced at B = 23 0.7 = 16.1 N m

1A

Torque produced at C = 27 0.6 = 16.2 N m

1A

Torque produced at D = 32 0.5 = 16 N m

1A

Torque produced at E = 41 0.4 = 16.4 N m

1A

The torques at different positions are almost the same.

1A

(c)

The torque needed to overcome the resistance of the hinge stays

constant.

1A

(d) When F is parallel to AO, the moment arm is zero, so the torque
produced will be zero too.

1A

Therefore, the door cannot be opened.

1A

278413235.doc

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=002>}}

2133002
An object slides down from a slope to the ground. It keeps moving a distance
before it stops.
(a) Explain why the object does not stop at once when it reaches the ground but
keeps moving for a distance.
(3 marks)
(b) Suggest two methods to make the object stop in a shorter time.

(2 marks)

(c) The horizontal speed of the object is 6 m s1 when it reaches the ground.
The distance it goes before stopping is 12 m. The mass of the object is 2 kg.
()

Find the friction between the object and the ground.

(3 marks)

() A pulling force can be applied to the object so that the distance it goes
before stopping will be halved. How large should the force be?
(2 marks)
-- ans -Solutions

Marks

(a) When the object reaches the ground, its speed is greater than zero.

1A

However, friction acts on it against its motion, so it decelerates.

1A

It takes time to decelerate to stop.

1A

(b) Give the object a backward pulling force.

Fix a board on the ground to block the object.

1A
1A

(Or other reasonable answers)

(c)

()

Take the moving direction of the object as positive.

By v2 u2 = 2as,
a=

v 2 u 2 02 62
=
= 1.5 m s2
2s
2 12

Friction = net force = ma

1M
1M

= 2 (1.5)
= 3 N
The friction is 3 N.
()

1A

Take the moving direction of the object be positive.

Let p be the pulling force.
By v2 u2 = 2as,

278413235.doc

a=

1M

v 2 u 2 02 62
=
= 3 m s2
2s
26

By F = ma,
p 3 = 2 (3)
p=3N
1A

The pulling force should be 3 N.

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=2><X=H><id=003>}}

2133003
Jimmys dad drives him home. At a turning, his dad turns the steering wheel
clockwise with both hands.

(a) Draw the forces that Jimmys dad exerts on the steering wheel in the figure
below.
(2 marks)

(b) Jimmy sees his dad turns the steering wheel easily, so he thinks the steering
wheel does not apply force on his dad. Is Jimmy correct? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
(c) If the force applied on the steering wheel by each hand is 10 N, and the
radius of the steering wheel is 15 cm, find the couple formed.
(2 marks)
(d) Jimmy thinks that when his dad turns the steering wheel, there is a net force
acting on it. Is Jimmy correct? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
(e) A lot of daily-life tools make use of couple. List three of them.

(3 marks)

278413235.doc

-- ans -Solutions

Marks

(a)

(Forces tangential to the steering wheel)

1A

(Forces in opposite directions)

1A

(b) Jimmy is not correct.

1A

According to Newtons third law, since Jimmys dad exerts forces on

the steering wheel, the steering wheel also applies reaction forces
on him.
(c)

1A

Couple = Fd

1M

= 10 0.15 2
=3Nm
(d) He is not correct.

1A
1A

Since the two forces in a couple are equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction, the resultant force is zero.

1A

(e) Key, pencil sharpener and can opener

3 1A

(Or other reasonable answers)

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=004>}}

2133004
Darren pushes an object S up to a truck on an inclined board as shown below.
The mass of object S is 50 kg. The length of the board AC = 3 m. S is at rest at
point A. Darren pushes the object S to point B with a force of 400 N in 1 s. The
speed of the object stays constant when it travels from B to C.

278413235.doc

C
B
S

30

(a) Suppose the board is smooth.

()

Draw the free-body diagram of S.

(3 marks)

() Find the length of AB.

(4 marks)

() What is the total time needed to push S from A to C?

(3 marks)

(b) Suppose the friction between the board and the object is 80 N.
()

Find the length of AB.

(2 marks)

() What is the total time needed to push S from A to C?

(3 marks)

Solutions

Marks

-- ans -(a) ()
normal reaction
pushing force

weight

(ii)

(Correct weight)

1A

(Correct pushing force)

1A

(Correct normal reaction)

1A

Take the moving direction of the object as positive.

By F = ma,
acceleration of S within AB =

1M
F
m

278413235.doc

400 50 10 sin 30
50

= 3 m s2
By s = ut +

1M
1M

1 2
at ,
2

length of AB = 0 +

1
3 12
2

= 1.5 m

1A

() Speed of S at B = at = 3 1 = 3 m s1

1M

Time needed for S to move from B to C =

s 3 1 .5
=
= 0.5 s
v
3

Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1 0.5 = 1.5 s

(b) (i)

1A

By F ma,
acceleration of S within AB =
=

F
m
400 50 10 sin 30 80
50

= 1.4 m s2
By s = ut +

1M

1 2
at ,
2

length of AB = 0 +

1
1.4 12
2

= 0.7 m
(ii)

1M

1A

Speed of S at B = at = 1.4 1 = 1.4 m s1

Time needed fro S to move from B to C =

1M
s 3 0.7
=
= 1.64 s
v
1 .4

Total time needed to push S from A to C = 1 + 1.64 = 2.64 s

1M
1A

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=005>}}

2133005
A student wants to find out how the terminal velocity of a parachute is affected
by its area and mass. She studies with parachutes made from plastic sheets and a
small mass. She mounts a motion sensor from a height with its face down and

278413235.doc

drops 3 parachutes of different areas and masses from the motion sensor. Figures
a, b and c show the velocity-time graphs obtained by the motion sensor.

Figure a v-t graph of parachute (area = 30 cm 30 cm, mass = 2.5 g)

Figure b v-t graph of parachute (area = 30 cm 30 cm, mass = 5.0 g)

Figure c v-t graph of parachute (area = 50 cm 50 cm, mass = 2.5 g)

278413235.doc

(a) What are the forces acting on the parachute as it falls? How do these forces
affect the motion of the parachute throughout the fall?
(5 marks)
(b) Suggest a reason why the v-t graphs are not smooth.

(1 mark)

(c) From the v-t graphs, what are the terminal velocities of the parachutes?
(3 marks)
(d) Comparing the graphs, suggest how the terminal velocity is affected by
(i)

the mass,

(ii) the area of the parachute.

State whether the terminal velocity increases or decreases with the change
of mass and area.
(2 marks)
(e) Explain the findings in (d) in terms of the forces acting on the parachute.
(4 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
(a) The parachute is acted on by its weight (downwards) and

Marks
1A

air resistance (upwards).

1A

As the parachute gains speeds, the air resistance increases, so net

1A

force decreases.
By F = ma, the acceleration of the parachute therefore decreases.

1A

Eventually the net force acting on the parachute becomes zero and

1A

the parachute falls with the terminal velocity.

(b) Since the parachute is very light, it is affected by air current and

1A

does not fall straight downwards.

(c)

Terminal velocity for Figure a is about 0.9 m s 1 .

1A

Terminal velocity for Figure b is about 1.3 m s 1 .

1A

Terminal velocity for Figure c is about 0.8 m s 1 .

1A

(d) (i)

From Figures a and b, the terminal velocity increases with the

1A

mass.
(ii)

From Figures a and c, the terminal velocity decreases with the

1A

area.
(e) (i)

When the mass, hence the weight, increases, the air

1A

resistance has to be larger to balance the weight and allow the

parachute to reach the terminal velocity.
Since the air resistance increases with the speed of the

1A

278413235.doc

parachute, the terminal velocity increases.

(ii)

Since the air resistance increases with the area of the

1A

parachute,
with a larger parachute area, the air resistance can balance

1A

the weight at a lower speed.

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=006>}}

2133006

(a) A block of mass 5 kg is placed on a rough surface as shown in Figure a. A

horizontal force F of 5 N is applied on it. The block moves at a constant
velocity of 1 m s1.
5 kg

F
rough surface

Figure a

(i)

Find the friction between the block and the table.

(1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the block if F is increased to 10 N.

(2 marks)
(b) The 5-kg block and another 10-kg block are then placed together on a
smooth surface as shown in Figure b. A 75-N force is applied horizontally
towards the right against the 5-kg block.
75 N

10 kg
5 kg

smooth surface

Figure b

(i)

(1) Calculate the net force acting on the 5-kg block.

(2) Calculate the net force acting on the 10-kg block by the 5-kg
block.
(3 marks)

(ii) A student says that the force acting on the 5-kg block by the 10-kg
block is the same as that in part (b)(i)(2). Without doing any
calculation, comment on this statement.
(3 marks)
(c) The blocks are then rearranged as shown in Figure c.
9

278413235.doc

10 kg
smooth surface

5 kg

Figure c

(i)

Calculate the acceleration of the blocks.

(3 marks)

(ii) A student says that if the 5-kg block is replaced by a pulling force of
50 N vertically downwards, the acceleration of the 10-kg block will be
the same as in (c)(i). Comment on this statement.
(3 marks)
-- ans -Solutions
(a) (i)

The block moves at a constant velocity.

frictional force = applied force = 5 N

(ii)

Marks
1A

By Newtons second law of motion,

1M

F = ma
10 5 = 5a

1A

a = 1 m s2
(b) (i)

Acceleration of the blocks

F
75

10
5
m

= 5 m s2

1A

(1) Net force acting on the 5-kg block

= ma
=55
= 25 N

1A

(2) Net force acting on the 10-kg block

= ma
= 10 5
= 50 N
(ii)

The student is not correct.

1A
1A

10

278413235.doc

The forces form an action-and-reaction pair.

1A

By Newtons third law of motion, the magnitudes of these

forces are the same, but they are in different directions.
(c)

(i)

Let T be the tension in the string.

For the 5-kg block: 50 T = 5a ............ (1)
For the 10-kg block:

(ii)

1A

T = 10a .......... (2)

1A
1A

Solving (1) and (2), a = 3.33 m s2

1A

The student is not correct.

1A

In (c)(i), the weight of the 5-kg block (50 N) is used to

accelerate both blocks. Now the 50-N force is used to
accelerate the 10-kg block only.

1A

The acceleration of the 10-kg block is greater than that in (c)(i).

1A

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=14><L=3><X=H><id=007>}}

2133007
In Figure a, a girl of mass 60 kg is standing on a weighing scale in a lift of mass
740 kg.

Figure a

Figure b shows the velocity-time graph of the lift.

11

278413235.doc

velocity / m s1

20

25

time / s

Figure b

The mass of the weighing scale can be neglected. Take the upward direction as
positive.
(a) Find the acceleration of the lift from
(i)

05 s,

(ii) 520 s,
(iii) 2025 s.
Hence sketch the acceleration-time graph of the lift.

(5 marks)

(b) If the breaking tension of the cable of the lift is 24 000 N, calculate the
maximum possible acceleration of the lift with the girl.
(2 marks)
(c) (i)

Find the weight of the girl.

(1 mark)

(ii) What is the reading of the weighing scale during

(1) 0 to 5 s,
(2) 5 to 20 s,
(3) 20 to 25 s?
(3 marks)
(d)

If the cable of the lift breaks, the lift undergoes free falling. The reading of
the weighing scale becomes zero. A student states that the weight of the
girl becomes zero. Comment on the students statement.
(3 marks)

-- ans -Solutions
(a) (i)
(ii)

From 0 to 5 s: a =

50
= 1 m s2
5

From 5 to 20 s: a = 0 m s2

Marks
1A
1A

12

278413235.doc

(iii) From 20 to 25 s: a =

1A

05
= 1 m s2
5

acceleration / m s2
1

20

25

time / s

(Labelled axes with units)

1A

(Correct graph)

1A

(b) Apply Newtons second law of motion, net force = ma.

1M

24 000 = (60 + 740) a

a = 30 m s2
(c)

(i)

1A

Weight = 60 10
= 600 N

(ii)

1A

(1) From Newtons second law of motion, net force = ma.

Reaction force 60 10 = 60 1
Reaction force = 660 N
The weighing scale measures the reaction force acting on
the girl.
Weighing scale reading = 660 N
(2) Weighing scale reading = 600 N

1A
1A

(3) Reaction force 60 10= 60 (1)

Reaction force = 540 N
Weighing scale reading = 540 N
(d) The weighing scale measures the reaction force acting on the girl.
When the girl undergoes free falling, the reaction force acting on

1A
1A
1A

her is zero.
However, the weight of the girl, which is the gravitational force

1A

acting on her, is still equal to 600 N (or mg).

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=15><L=3><X=H><id=008>}}

13

278413235.doc

2133008

The figure below shows a mass suspended by a light inextensible string. A spring
balance is attached to the mass and pulled horizontally so that the string is
inclined at an angle with the horizontal.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show all the forces acting on the mass.
(3 marks)
(b) What is the resultant force on the mass?

(1 mark)

(c) A student performs an experiment to find the relationship between F and .

Different values of are used and the corresponding values of F are
measured. The results obtained are shown below:

(i)

50
45
40
35
30

F/N
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.5
17.0
Using a scale of 1 cm representing 2 N (y-axis) and 1 cm representing
0.2 (x-axis), plot a graph of F (y-axis) against

1
tan

(x-axis).
(5 marks)

(ii) Find the slope of the graph.

(2 marks)

(iii) State the physical meaning of the slope of the graph.

(2 marks)

(iv) Find the tension in the string when = 45.

(2 marks)

-- ans -Solutions

Marks

14

278413235.doc

(a)
tension (T)

F
mass

weight (W)

(Correct tension)

1A

(Correct pulling force)

1A

(Correct weight)

1A

(b) The resultant force on the mass is zero.

(c)

1A

(i)

1
tan

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.5

17.0

0.84

1.19

1.43

1.73
2M

15

278413235.doc

F/N
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
1/tan
0

0.2

(ii)

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

(Labelled axes with units)

1A

(Correct points)

1A

(The best fitting straight line passing through the origin)

1A

Slope =

16 8
N
1.6 0.8

= 10 N

1M
1A

(iii) The physical meaning of the slope of the graph can be derived
as follows.
T cos = F ............ (1)
T sin = W ............ (2)

1M

(2)
W
tan
(1)
F
F W

1
tan

The slope is W.
(iv) Since the mass is in equilibrium, the resultant force in the
horizontal direction is zero, i.e.

16

278413235.doc

T cos = F

1M

When = 45, F = 10 N

T cos 45 = 10

1A

T = 14.1 N

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=3><X=H><id=009>}}

2133009

The figure below shows a block of mass 4 kg placed on a rough plane inclined at
30 to the horizontal. The block is pushed up the plane by a 45-N force acting
parallel to the plane. The block moves with uniform velocity.

45 N
30

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show all the forces acting on the block.
(3
marks)
(b) Find the normal reaction acting on the block by the plane.

(3 marks)

(c) Find the friction between the block and the plane.

(3 marks)

(d) If the 45 N force is removed suddenly, describe fully the subsequent motion
of the block. Explain briefly.
(4 marks)
-- ans -Solution

Marks

(a)

17

278413235.doc

normal reaction

45 N

friction
weight

(Correct normal force)

1A

(Correct friction)

1A

(Correct weight)

1A

(b) Component of the weight perpendicular to the plane

= 4 10 cos 30
= 34.6 N
Since the block does not move along the perpendicular direction to

1M
1M

the plane, the net force in this direction is zero.

(OR normal reaction weight component normal to the plane = 0)
Therefore the normal reaction is 34.6 N.
(c)

1A

Component of the weight parallel to the plane

= 4 10 sin 30
= 20 N
Since the block moves with uniform velocity along the plane, the net

1M
1M

force in this direction is zero.

(OR pushing force weight component along the plane = friction)
Therefore the friction is (45 20) N = 25 N

1A

(d) Since the friction and the component of the weight parallel to the
plane are opposing the motion of the block,

1A

The block will decelerate initially.

1A

Then it will stop and remain at rest when it reaches its highest
position,

1A

at which the friction opposes and balances the component of the

weight parallel to the plane.

1A

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=3><X=H><id=010>}}

18

278413235.doc

2133010
An object of mass 1 kg is hung by a spring balance inside a box. The following
figure shows the whole set-up that is placed on the ground. It is known that the
mass of the set-up is 5 kg.

The box is then dropped from a height to the ground.

(a) What is the weight of the object?

(1 mark)

(b) If air resistance is ignored, what is the acceleration of the box as it falls?
(1 mark)
(c) If air resistance should be taken into consideration, how will it affect the
acceleration of the box? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
(d) It is found that the box finally falls with a constant speed.
(i)

Explain why this happens.

(ii) What is the air resistance when this happens?

(3 marks)
(1 mark)

(e) What is the reading of the spring balance when

(i)

the box accelerates at g?

(ii) the box attains a constant speed?

Explain your answers briefly.

(3 marks)

-- ans -Solution

Marks

(a) Weight of the object = mg

= 1 10 = 10 N

1A

(b) Acceleration = g = 10 m s2

1A

(c)

1A

If the air resistance should be considered, the acceleration will

become smaller.

19

278413235.doc

This is because the air resistance acts in the opposite direction

1A

against the weight.

(d) (i)

The air resistance increases with the speed of the box.

Eventually, it becomes large enough to balance the weight of
1A

the box.
When this happens, the net force acting on the box becomes

1A

zero.
According to Newtons first law, the box will fall with a constant

1A

speed.
(ii)

Air resistance = weight of the set-up (box and contents)

1A

= 5 10 = 50 N
(e) In both cases, the spring balance reads 0 N.

1A

It is because the spring falls with the same speed as that of the
object.

1A

The object exerts no forces to the spring balance.

Thus the balance reads 0 N.

1A

-- ans end -{{<P=21><C=03><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=3><X=H><id=011>}}

2133011
Two blocks on a smooth ground are connected together with a string. A force of
50 N pulls the blocks to the right.
string
A
5 kg

B
3 kg

50 N

(a) Draw the free-body diagram for block A.

(3 marks)

(b) Draw the free-body diagram for block B.

(4 marks)

(c) Find the tension in the string?

(3 marks)

(d) Block A is put on a rough plane inclined at 30 to the horizontal. A force F

parallel to the plane acts on the block.

20

278413235.doc

F
A

30

When F = 35 N, the block starts to move. Find the friction between the
block and the plane.
(2 marks)
-- ans -Solutions

Marks

(a)
normal reaction = 50 N

tension

weight = 50 N

(Correct normal reaction)

1A

(Correct tension)

1A

(Correct weight)

1A

(b)
normal reaction = 30 N

tension

50 N

weight = 30 N

21

278413235.doc

(c)

(Correct tension)

1A

(Correct pulling force)

1A

(Correct normal reaction)

1A

(Correct weight)

1A

Let T be the tension of the string.

Consider block A.
T = mAa .................. (1)

1M

Consider block B.
50 T= mBa ........... (2)

1M

Solving (1) and (2),

mAa
T
=
mB a
50 T
3T = 5(50 T)
8T = 250
T = 31.25 N
The tension of the string is 31.25 N.

1A

(d) Consider the forces along the plane.

friction + mg sin = 35

1M

friction + 5 10 sin 30 = 35
friction = 10 N

1A

-- ans end --

22