FULLY WORKED SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER

FUNCTIONS

Focus STPM 1
1 (a) g(x) = 16 x2
For g(x) to be defined, 16 x2 0
(4 + x)(4 x) 0

3 First, consider only g(x) = 1 x 2 . The

2
graph of g(x) is as shown below.
y

y= 1x+2
2

Hence, the domain of g is
{x | -4 x 4, x P }.
y The graph of g(x) is
(b)

Thus, g(x) =

4
y = 16 x

(c) The range is {y | 0 y 4, y P }.

2 (a) f : x x2 9
f(x) = x2 9
For f(x) to be defined, x2 9 0
(x + 3)(x 3) 0

Hence, the domain of f is
{x | x -3 or x 3, x P }.
y
(b)
y = x2 9

(c) The range is {y | y 0, y P }.

1 x + 2, x < 4,
2

1 x 2, x 4.
2
Next, consider only h(x) = 1 x + 2 . The
2
graph of h(x) is as shown below.

y= 1x+2
2

y= 1x2
2
2
4

Thus, h(x) =

O
2

actually part of a circle

with the equation
y 2 = 16 x 2 x 2 + y 2 = 42.

y= 1x2
2

1 x 2, x < 4,
2
1 x + 2, x 4.
2

Therefore,

f(x) = 1x + 2 1x 2
2
2
=4
1
1
for 4 x < 4, f(x) = x + 2 x + 2
2
2
= x
for x < 4,

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

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Chapter 1.indd 1

7/1/2015 9:11:16 AM

f(x) = 1x 2 1x + 2
2
2
= 4
4, x < -4,
Hence, f(x) = -x,
-4 x < 4,
-4,x 4.
for x 4,

(a) The graph of f(x) is as shown below.

y
y=4

The range of g is
{y | y , y 0}.
(b) g f = g[f(x)]
= g[(x + 1)2 + 2]
1
=
(x + 1)2 + 2 2
1 , x -1
=
(x + 1)2
The domain of g f is
{x | x , x -1}.
The range of g f is {y | y > 0, y P }.
y

y = x
4

y = g f(x)
=

y = 4

(b) The range of f is

{y | -4 y 4, y P }.

1
(x + 1)2
x

5 (a) (i) f(x) = x 2

y

4 (a) (i) f(x) = (x + 1)2 + 2

y= x2

y
O

y = (x + 1)2 + 2

The domain of f is
{x | x 2, x P }.
The range of f is
{y | y 0, y P }.

(1, 2)
x

The domain of f is {x | x }.
The range of f is
{y | y 2, y P }.
(ii) g(x) =

O
y=

1
x2

The domain of g is
{x | x , x 2}.

1
x2
y

1
2

(ii) g(x) = x2 3

x
y = x2 3

The domain of g is
{x | x }.
The range of g is
{y | y -3, y P }.
(b) g f exists because Rf Dg.
g f = g[f(x)]

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

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Chapter 1.indd 2

7/1/2015 9:11:24 AM

1
x2

7 (a) (i) f(x) =

= g1 x 22
= 1 x 2 22 3
=x-5
(c) For f g to be defined, Rg Df.
Rg
Df
x2 3 2
x2 5 0
1x + 521x 52 0
Hence, the required set of values of x is
{x | x - 5 or x 5, x P }.
6 (a) (i) f(x) = 25 x2
y

5
y = 25 x 2
O

The domain of f is
{x | -5 x 5, x P }.
The range of f is
{y | 0 y 5, y P }.

(ii) g(x) = x2 5
y

x
y = x2 5

The domain of g is {x | x }.
The range of g is
{y | y -5, y P }.
(b) f g does not exist because Rg Df.
(c) For f g to be defined, Rg Df.
Df

Rg

Df

5 x 5 5
0 x2 10
Hence, the required set of values of x is
{x | - 10 x 10, x P }.
2

The domain of f is
{x | x , x 2}.
The range of f is
{y | y , y 0}.
(ii) g(x) = 2
x+4
y

1
2

1
2
O

The domain of g is
{x | x , x -4}.
... 1
The range of g is
{y | y , y 0}.
(b) f g = f[g(x)]
= f 2
x+4
1
=
2 2

x+4
x+4
=
2 2(x + 4)
x+4
x+4 ,
=
= x -3 ... 2
-6 - 2x
2x + 6
Combining 1 and 2 , the domain of
f g is {x | x R, x -4, x -3}.

8 (a) For f: x 

x
, the domain is
x +1

{ x | x , x -1}.

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 3

7/1/2015 9:11:32 AM

For g: x 

x+2
, the domain is
x

{ x | x , x 0}.

 

(d) h g  f because the domain and the range

of g  f are not the same as the domain and
the range of h.
1
, x  \ {0} means  0
x
g : x  2 x 1, x 

x
(b) g  f = g f ( x ) = g
x -1
x
+2
= x +1
x
x +1
x + 2 ( x + 1)
=
x
3x + 2
=
x
2
= 3+ ,x 0
x

9 f: x 

f  g = fg ( x )

= f ( 2 x - 1)
=

The domain of f  g is x | x , x .
2

y = f1(x)
f(y) = x
2+ y1 =x
y1=x2
y 1 = (x 2)2
y 1 = x2 4x + 4
y = x2 4x + 5
-1
[ f (x) = x2 - 4x + 5
The domain of f1 is the same as the
range of f, i.e. {x | x 2, x P }.
The range of f1 is the same as the
domain of f, i.e. {y | y 1, y P }.
(b) The graphs of y = f(x) and y = f1(x)
are as shown below.
10 (a) Let

Other than x 0, the domain of g  f

also has to follow the domain of f, i.e.
x , x 1.
Hence, the domain of g  f is

{ x x , x 0, x -1}.

If x 1, then g f ( x ) 3 +
g f ( x ) 1.

2
, i.e.
( 1)

Thus, the range of g  f cannot take

the value 1. Other than that, based on
the graph in (c), the range of g  f also
cannot take the value 3. Hence, the
range of g  f if { y | y , y 1, y 3} .

y
y = f 1(x)

5
4
3
2
1

2
(c) For h : x 3 + , the domain is
x
{ x x , x 0} and the range is

{ y y , y 3}.

h(x) = 3 +

2
x

2
3

y = f (x)
The graph of y = f 1(x) is
the reflection of the graph of
y = f (x) in the straight line y = x.
O1 2 3 4 5

1
1
,x
2x - 1
2

The point of intersection of the graphs of

y = f(x) and y = f1(x) is the same as the
point of intersection of the curve y = f1(x)
= x2 4x + 5 and the straight line y = x.
y = x2 4x + 5
... 1
y = x... 2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

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Chapter 1.indd 4

7/1/2015 9:12:03 AM

x2 4x + 5 = x
x2 5x + 5 = 0
2
x = (5) (5) 4(1)(5)
2(1)
5 5
x=
2
x = 1.38 or 3.62
x = 1.38 is not accepted
x = 3.62
y = x = 3.62
Hence, the required point of
intersection is (3.62, 3.62).

p(x) has a remainder of 12 when it is
divided by (x + 1).
p(1) = 12
3
2

q(1) r(1) 1 2 = 0
q r = 3
... 2
1 2:
2q r = 0
q r = 3
3q = 3
q = -1
From 1 , 2(1) r = 0
r = -2
p(x) = x3 + 2x2 + x 2

11 (a) The graph of y = f(x) = x2 3x is as

shown below.
y
y = f(x) = x 2 3x
O

(112 , 2 14 )
f1 does not exist because f is not a
one-to-one function.
(b) In order for f1 to exist, the domain of f
must be restricted to only

x | x 1 1 , x P .
2
Let
y = f1(x)
f(y) = x
y2 3y = x
y2 3y x = 0
(3) + (3)2 4(1)(x)
y=
2(1)
3 + 9 + 4x
y=
2
3 + 9 + 4x
[ f-1(x) =
2
The domain of f1 is the same as the
range of f, i.e. x | x -2 1 , x P .
4
12 Since (x 2) is a factor of
p(x) = qx3 rx2 + x 2,
p(2) = 0

q(2)3 r(2)2 + 2 2 = 0
8q 4r = 0
2q r = 0
... 1

13 Since q(x) is divisible by x2 + x 6 =

(x 2)(x + 3), then it is also divisible by
(x 2) and (x + 3).
q(2) = 0
m(2)3 5(2)2 + k(2) + 54 = 0
8m + 2k = 34
4m + k = 17... 1
q(3) = 0

m(3)3 5(3)2 + k(3) + 54 = 0
27m 3k = 9
9m + k = 3
... 2
2 1 : 5m = 20 m = 4
From 1 , 4(4) + k = 17 k = -33
14 Since (x + 2) is a factor of p(x), then
p(2) = 0
(2)3 + 4(2)2 h(2) + k = 0
2h + k = 8
k = 2h 8 ... 1
When p(x) is divided by (x h), the
remainder is h3.
p(h) = h3

h3 + 4h2 h2 + k = h3
3h2 + k = 0
... 2
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
3h2 2h 8 = 0
(3h + 4)(h 2) = 0
h = - 4 or 2
3

1 2

When h = 4 , k = 2 4 8 = - 16
3
3
3
When h = 2,

k = 2(2) 8 = -12

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

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Chapter 1.indd 5

7/1/2015 9:12:05 AM

 15 When a polynomial p(x) of degree n 2

is divided by 2x2 + 3x 2 = (2x 1)(x + 2),
the remainder is an expression in the form
ax + b, where a and b are constants. i.e.
p(x) = (2x 1)(x + 2)q(x) + (ax + b)
When p(x) is divided by (2x 1), the
remainder is 3 .
2
1
1
p
= (0) + 2 q(x) + 1 a + b = 3
2
2
2
2
a + 2b = 3 ... 1
When p(x) is divided by (x + 2), the
remainder is 1.
p(2) = [2 (2) 1](0)q(x) + (2a + b) = 1
2a + b = 1... 2
Solving 1 and 2 , a = 1, b = 1.
Hence, the remainder when p(x) is divided
by 2x2 + 3x 2 is ax + b = x + 1.

1 2

x3 + x 2
x 4 2 x 3x3 2x2 4x + 8
x5 4x3
x3 2x2 4x + 8
x3
4x
2x2
+8
2x2
+8
0
The remainder is 0.
Since the remainder is 0, (x2 4) is a factor
of p(x).

p(x) = (x2 4)(x3 + x 2)
Let q(x) = x3 + x 2.
If x = 1, q(x) = 13 + 1 2 = 0

(x 1) is a factor of q(x).

p(x) = (x2 4)(x 1)(x2 + x + 2)
When p(x) = 0,

x2 4 = 0 or x 1 = 0 or x2 + x + 2 = 0

x = 2, x = 1,
x2 + x + 2 = 0 has no real solutions because
b2 4ac = 12 4(1)(2) = 7 (< 0)
The roots of p(x) are 2 and 1.
16

17 (a) x 1 = (x 1)(x + 1)
p(1) = 12n (m + 2)(1)2 + m + 1
=1m2+m+1=0
Thus, (x 1) is a factor of p(x).
p(1) = (1)2n (m + 2)(1)2 + m + 1
=1m2+m+1=0
Thus, (x + 1) is a factor of p(x).
2

Since (x 1) and (x + 1) are factors of

p(x), then (x 1)(x + 1) = x2 1 is a
factor of p(x).

(b) When m = 8, p(x) = x2n (8 + 2)x2 + 8 + 1

= x2n 10x2 + 9
Since (x 3) is a factor, then
p(3) = 0
32n 10(3)2 + 9 = 0
32n = 81
32n = 34
2n = 4
n=2
4
Hence, p(x) = x 10x2 + 9 = (x2 9)(x2 1)
= (x + 3)(x - 3)(x + 1)(x - 1)
18 (a) p ( x ) = x 4 + ax 3 7 x 2 4 ax + b
Since x + 3 is a factor of p(x), p(3) = 0

( 3)4 + a ( 3)3 7 ( 3)2 4a ( 3) + b = 0

81 27a 63 + 12a + b = 0
15a + b = 18 ... 1
When p(x) is divided by ( x 3) , the
remainder is 60.
p (3) = 60

Therefore,

34 + a (3) 7 (3) 4 a (3) + b = 60

3

81 + 27a 63 12a + b = 60
15a + b = 42 ... 2
1 + 2 , 2b = 24
b = 12
From 1 , -15a + 12 = -18
a=2
4
3
p( x ) = x + 2 x 7 x 2 8 x + 12
x3 x 2 4 x + 4
(b) x + 3 x 4 + 2 x 3 7 x 2 8 x + 12

x 4 + 3x 3

x 7x2
3

x 3 3x 2

4 x 2 8x

4 x 2 12 x

4 x + 12

( 4 x + 12)
0

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 6

7/1/2015 9:12:16 AM

Let f ( x ) = x 3 x 2 4 x + 4




Therefore, ( x 1) is another factor of p(x).

= ( x + 1)

x2 - 4
x - 1 x3 - x 2 - 4 x + 4

- x3 - x 2

p ( 2) = 0

- ( -4 x + 4 )

6 ( 2) a ( 2) b ( 2) +
4

1
xk
2
Since ( x + 1) is a factor of p(x), then
p ( 1) = 0

3
2
19 (a) p ( x ) = 2 x + 4 x +

1
( -1) - k = 0
2
1
-2 + 4 - - k = 0
2
3
-k=0
2
3
k=
2
1
3
(b) p ( x ) = 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + x
2
2
3
2x2 + 2x
2
1
3
3
2
x + 1 2x + 4x + x
2
2
3
2
2x + 2x
2( -1) + 4 ( -1) +
2

3
3
x
2
2

3
3
x
2
2
0

96 + 8a 4b 56 + 12 = 0
8a 4b = 52
2a b = 13 ... 1
Since ( x 2) is a factor, then
p ( 2) = 0

6 ( 2) a ( 2) b ( 2) +
4

28 ( 2) + 12 = 0

96 8a 4b + 56 + 12 = 0
8a 4b = 164
... 2
2a + b = 41
1 + 2:
4 a = 28

a= 7
From 1 , 2( 7 ) - b = -13
b = 27
p ( x ) = ( x + 2) ( x 2) g ( x )
6x2 7x 3
x 4 6 x 7 x 27 x 2 + 28 x + 12
2

()6 x 4

24 x

+ 28 x
3x 2

( ) 3x

7 x 3 3 x 2 + 28 x + 12

() 7 x3

1
x
2
2x2 + 2x
2x2 +

28 ( 2) + 12 = 0

= ( x + 3)( x - 1)( x + 2)( x - 2)

4x2 + 4x 3
2

20 (a) Since ( x + 2) is a factor, then

- 4x + 4




1
= ( x + 1)(2 x + 3)(2 x - 1)
2

Hence,
p ( x ) = ( x + 3) ( x 1) x 2 4

3
2

Hence, p( x ) = ( x + 1) 2 x 2 + 2 x

f (1) = 1 1 4 (1) + 4 = 0
3

+ 12
+ 12
0

p ( x ) = ( x + 2) ( x 2) 6 x 2 7 x 3

= ( x + 2)( x - 2)(2 x - 3)( 3 x + 1)

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 7

7/1/2015 9:12:44 AM


(b) p ( x ) = ( x + 2) ( x 2) ( 2 x 3) (3 x + 1)

= ( 2 x 3)( x + 2)( x 2)(3 x + 1)

= ( 2 x 3) x 2 4 (3 x + 1)

= ( 2 x 3) 3 x 3 + x 2 12 x 4

2
= ( 2 x 3) (3 x 3 41 + 37
+x

12x )


q( x )

q ( x ) = x 2 - 12 x + 37
= x 2 - 12 x + ( -6 ) - ( -6 ) + 37
2

= ( x - 6) + 1
2

2
4x2 x + 3
21 4x 3 x + 3
(x 1)(x2 + x + 1)
x 1
Bx + C
A

+
x 1 x2 + x + 1
4x2 x + 3 A(x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C)(x 1)
Letting x = 1,
6 = 3A A = 2
Letting x = 0,
3 = A + C(1)
3=2C
C = 1
Letting x = 1, 8 = A + (B + C)(2)
8 = 2 + (B 1)(2)
8 = 2 + 2B + 2
2B = 4
B=2
2
4x2 x + 3

+ 22x - 1
3
x-1 x +x+1
x 1

22 Since the remainders when p(x) is divided

by (x + 1) is 0, p(1) = 0.
p(1) = 0
3
2
(1) + m(1) + 15(1) + k = 0
1 + m 15 + k = 0
m + k = 16 1
Since the remainders when p(x) is divided
by (x + 2) is 4, p(2) = 4.
p(2) = 4
3
2
(2) + m(2) + 15(2) + k = 4
8 + 4m 30 + k = 4
4m + k = 34 2
2 1 :
3m = 18 m = 6
From 1 : 6 + k = 16 k = 10
p(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 15x + 10

Since the remainders when p(x) is divided

by (x + 1) is 0, (x + 1) is a factor of p(x).
x2 + 5x + 10
3
x + 12 x + 6x2 + 15x + 10
x3 + x2
5x2 + 15x
5x2 + 5x
10x + 10
10x + 10
0
p(x) = (x + 1)(x2 + 5x + 10)
x+7
x+7

p(x) (x + 1)(x2 + 5x + 10)

Bx + C
A + 2
x
x+1
+ 5x + 10
2
x + 7 A(x + 5x + 10) + (Bx + C)(x + 1)
Letting x = 1, 6 = 6A A = 1
Letting x = 0, 7 = 10A + C
7 = 10(1) + C
C = 3
Letting x = 1, 8 = 16A + 2B + 2C
8 = 16(1) + 2B + 2(3)
2B = 2
B = 1
x
7
x 3
+

1 +
(x + 1)(x2 + 5x + 10) x + 1 x2 + 5x + 10
1 2 x+3
x + 1 x + 5x + 10
23 16 x3 4x2 + 4x 16 0
When 16 x3 4x2 + 4x 16,
x3 4x2 + 4x 0
x(x2 4x + 4) 0
x(x 2)2 0
Since (x 2)2 0,
in order that x(x 2)2 0, then x 0 1
When x3 4x2 + 4x 16 0,
we let f(x) = x3 4x2 + 4x 16.
f(4) = 43 4(4)2 + 4(4) 16 = 0
Thus, (x 4) is a factor of f(x).
x2 + 4
3
x 42 x 4x2 + 4x 16
x3 4x2
4x 16
4x 16
0
3
2
x 4x + 4x 16 0
(x 4)(x2 + 4) 0

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 8

7/1/2015 9:12:47 AM

 Since x2 + 4 > 0, "x,

in order that (x 4)(x2 + 4) 0, then
x 4 0 x 4
2
Combining 1 and 2 ,
the required set of values of x is
{x | 0 x 4}.
3x 5
x3
x

24

3x 5
x+30
x
3x 5 x2 + 3x

0
x
2
x + 6x 5
0
x
2
x 6x + 5
0
x
(x 1)(x 5)
0
x

x5 0

x1 0

x  0
x

0 + 1 5

The required set of values of x is

{x | x < 0 or 1 x 5}.
We write < and not
because x 0.

25

+ 12
5

12
5

x30

5x 12  0

x + 4  0
x30

x
+

x < 12 or x > 3 1
x < 3 or x > 4 2
5
Combining 1 and 2 :
x < 3 or x > 4

12
5

x < 12 or x > 3
5
x

1
26 The graphs of y = |x + 2| and y =
is as
x+1
shown below.
y
y=x+2
y = x 2

2
A
2 1

y=
O

1
x+1

5x 12  0
x4 0
x

Hence, the required set of values of x is

x | x < 12 or x > 4 .
5

The required set of values of x is

x | x < 12 or x > 4 .
5

|x|
<4
|x 3|
|x| < 4|x 3|
x2 < 16(x 3)2
x2 < 16x2 96x + 144
0 < 15x2 96x + 144
0 < 5x2 32x + 48
0 < (x 4)(5x 12)
+

x x 3 < 4

Alternative method

4 < x < 4
x3
For the left-end
For the right-end
inequality, inequality,
x <4
4 < x
x3
x3
x + 4 0
x 4<0
>
x3
x3
x 4(x 3)
x 4(x 3)
+
<0
> 0
x3
x3
x 4x 12
3x + 12 < 0
+
> 0
x3
x3
3(x + 4) < 0
5x 12 0
>
x3
x3

y = x + 2
1

y = 1  2
x+1
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 9

7/1/2015 9:12:56 AM

1
x+1

x2 + 3x + 2 = 1

x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
3 32 4(1)(1)
x =
2(1)
3 5
x =
2
The x-coordinate of point A is
3 + 5
x =
.
2
Based on the graphs, the solution set of x
for which |x + 2| > 1 is
x+1
-3 + 5
x | x < -1 or x >
.
2
x + 2 =

This is the set of values of x where the

graph of y = |x + 2| is above the graph of
1
y=
.
x+1

27

y=x1
y= x +1
A

y = x 1
1
1 O
1

28 p(x) = 2x3 + hx2 + kx + 36

Since (x 3) is a factor, then
p(3) = 0
2(3)3 + h(3)2 + k(3) + 36 = 0
9h + 3k = 90
3h + k = 30 1
p(x) = (x + 2)f(x) 30 means that the
remainder when p(x) is divided by (x + 2)
is 30.
p(2) = 30
3
2
2(2) + h(2) + k(2) + 36 = 30
4h 2k = 50
2h k = 25 2
1 + 2 : 5h = 55 h = -11
From 1 : 3(11) + k = 30
k=3
3
Therefore, p(x) = 2x 11x2 + 3x + 36.

2x2 5x 12
3
x 32 2x 11x2 + 3x + 36
2x3 6x2
5x2 + 3x
5x2 + 15x
12x + 36
12x + 36
0
Therefore, p(x) = (x 3)(2x2 5x 12)
= (x - 3)(2x + 3)(x - 4)

To determine the x-coordinate of point

A, solve
y = x 1
1
y = x + 1 2
Substituting 1 into 2 ,
x1= x+1
(x 1)2 = x + 1

x2 2x + 1 = x + 1
x2 3x = 0
x(x 3) = 0
Thus, the x-coordinate of point A is x = 3.
The part of the x-axis where the graph of
y = x + 1 is above the graph of y = |x| 1
is 1 x 3.
Hence, the required set of values of x is

{x | -1 x 3}.
10

3
2

The sets of values of x such that p(x) 0

is x | - 3 x 3 or x 4 .
2
29 p(x) = 2x3 + px2 + qx + 6
Since (2x + 1) is a factor of p(x), then
p 1 = 0
2
3
2
1
1
1
2 + p + q + 6 = 0
2
2
2
1
1
1
+ p q + 6 = 0
4 4
2
1 + p 2q + 24 = 0
p 2q = 23 1
When p(x) is divided by (x + 3), the
remainder is 15.

1 2

1 2

1 2
1 2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 10

7/1/2015 9:12:59 AM

p(3) = 15
2(3) + p(3) + q(3) + 6 = 15
9p 3q = 33
3p q = 11
2
p 2q = 23 1
6p 2q = 22
2 2
3

5p = 45
p= 9
From 1 : 9 2q = 23 q = 16
p(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 16x + 6

1
... 1
x
y = x + 2 ... 2

y=

Substituting 1 into 2 :
1
= x + 2
x

x2 + 4x + 6
2x + 12 2x + 9x2 + 16x + 6
2x3 + x2
8x2 + 16x
8x2 + 4x
12x + 6
12x + 6
0
2
Let q(x) = x + 4x + 6
3

1 = x2 + 2x
x2 2x + 1 = 0

( x 1)2 = 0

12 12

= x2 + 4x + 4 4 + 6
2
2
2
= (x + 2) + 2 [> 0]
[Shown]
Since x2 + 4x + 6 is positive for all real
values of x, then p(x) < 0 only if

y
1
x

y=x2

1
y=
x

x=
1
.
x

( 2)

( 2)2 4 (1) ( 1)
2 (1)

2 8 22 2
=
2
2
= 1 2

x = 1+ 2

Substituting 1 into 3 :

x = 1 2 is not accepted because x must

be positive.

y = x + 2

... 3

x2 2x 1 = 0

Hence, the solution set is x | x < - 1 .

2
30 Sketch the graphs of y = x 2 and y =

... 1

1 = x2 2x

2x + 1 < 0 x < 1.
2

x =1
Case 2 (for point Q)
1
y=
x
y = x 2
1
= x2
x

p(x) = (2x + 1)(x2 + 4x + 6)

y=

To determine the x-coordinates of the

points of intersection of the graphs of
1
y = x 2 and y = , solve the following
x
simultaneous equations.
Case 1 (for point P)

2
1+ 2

Hence, the solution set for the inequality

1
x 2 < is x | 0 < x < 1 + 2 , x 1 .
x

This is the range of values of x where

the graph of y = |x - 2| is below the
1
graph of y = .
x
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 11

11

7/1/2015 9:13:13 AM

3
4
= 3 x
x 1
4
3x 3
= x
x 1
(3x 3) ( x 1) = 4 x

4
x 1

31 y =

3x 2 6 x + 3 4 x = 0

4
x > 1.
x 1,

y=
4 , x < 1.

x1

3 x 2 10 x + 3 = 0

(3x 1) ( x 3) = 0

 

1
x = or 3
3

As y , x 1 0
x 1

1
is not accepted.
3
Thus, x = 3
x=

4
3
> 3
x 1
x
is given by the part of the graph where
4
the curve y =
is above the curve
x 1
3
y = 3 , that is { x 0 < x < 1or1 < x < 3} .
x

Thus, x = 1 is the asymptote.

The solution set for which

As x , y 0.
3
y = 3
x
As y , x 0.
Thus, x = 0 (the y-axis) is the asymptote.
As x , y 3.
Thus, y = 3 is the asymptote.

32

y
y=

y=3

4
x1

3
x
4

y=

x10
x+1>0
x

Hence, the required set of values of x is

4
x1

1
x

x+1 x+1
1
x

0
x+1 x+1
x1
0
x+1

{ x | x < -1or x 1} .

3
y=3
x

33

y = e x

y = 2e x

The x-coordinate of point A is obtained

by solving the following equations
simultaneously.
4
y=

... 1
x 1
y = 3

3

x

4
3
= 3 x
x 1
4
3x 3
= x
x 1
(3x 3) ( x 1) = 4 x
12

1 O
2

y = e x 1

y = e x

34 (a)

... 2

y = |ln x|
O

ACE3AHEAD
0 Term Second Edition
x 2 6Mathematics
x + 3 4 x(T)=First
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

3 x 2 10 x + 3 = 0

Chapter 1.indd 12

(3x 1) ( x 3) = 0

7/1/2015 9:13:37 AM

(b)

(c) g  f 1 = g f 1 ( x )

1 O

= ex 1 + 1

= g ex 1

y = ln x

y = ln (x)

= e2

The domain of g  f 1 is the same as the

(c)

domain of f 1, i.e. { x | x } .

The range of g  f 1 is { y y 0, y } .
y
1

y = e2
1

y = ln (x)

35 (a) The graph of y = f ( x ) = ln ( x + 1) is as

shown below.
y

36 (a) f  g = f g ( x )

 

x 1
= f ln
2

= 1+ 2e

y = f (x) = ln (x + 1)

ln

 x 21

 
x 1
2

= 1+ 2
=x

Since it is known that ff 1 ( x ) = x, by

x -1
comparison f 1 ( x ) = g ( x ) = ln
.
2

 

f1 exists because f is a one-to-one and

an onto function.
Let y = f 1 ( x )

(b)

f ( y) = x

(c) The graphs of y = f ( x ) and y = f 1 ( x )

are as shown below.

ln ( y + 1) = x
y +1= e

(b) The domain of f1 is the same as the

range of f, i.e. { x x 1, x } .
The range of f1 is the same as the
domain of f, i.e. { y y } .

y = ex 1

(x) = e

The domain of f1 is the same as the

range of f, i.e. { x x } .
The range of f1 is the same as the
domain of f, i.e. { y y 1, y }

y = f(x) = 1 + 2e x

3
1
O1

y = f 1(x) = ln x 1
2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 13

13

7/1/2015 9:13:59 AM

37

x
1

1 2

+ 2x1 = 15
1 2

+ 2 1x

= 15

x =u
u + 2u2 = 15
2u2 + u 15 = 0
(2u 5)(u + 3) = 0
u = 5 or u = 3
2
When u = 5, When u = 3,
2
1
1

x 2 = 5
x 2 = 3
2
2
[Not possible because
1
x1 = 5

2
x 2 > 0 for all real
1 = 25
values of x.]
x 4
x= 4
25
Let

12

8 + 6(8 ) = 5
8x + 6x = 5
8
Let
8x = u
u+ 6 =5
u
u2 + 6 = 5u
u2 5u + 6 = 0
(u 2)(u 3) = 0
u = 2
or
u=3
8x = 2
8x = 3
23x = 21 x lg 8 = lg 3
38

3x = 1
x = 1
3

2 logc x 3 logx c = 5
logc c
2 logc x 3
=5
logc x
2 logc x 3 1
=5
logc x
Let logc x = u
2u 3 1 = 5
u
2u2 3 = 5u
2u2 5u 3 = 0
(2u + 1)(u 3) = 0
u = 1 or
u=3
2
logc x = 1
logc x = 3
2
1

1
x = c 2 = x = c3
c
40

1
1

log2 8
log2 4
log2 x
+ h + h
=0
log2 x
log2 x

log2 23
log2 22
y
+ h + h
=0
y
y
y3+h+h 2 =0
y
y
2
y 3 + hy + 2h = 0

2
12

y 2 + hy + 2h - 3 = 0 [Shown]

2
2

12

2
=
log 2 a

39 log2 x logx 8 + 2log2h + h logx 4 = 0

When y = 7, x = 2 4 = 0.297.
4
When y = 2, x = 22 = 4.

41 Simplify

x = lg 3
lg 8
x = 0.528

When h = 1, y 2 1y + 2 1 3 = 0
4
4
4
4y 2 y 14 = 0
(4y + 7)(y 2) = 0
y = 7 or 2
4
Given y = log2 x, then x = 2y.

2
first.
log 2 a
2
1
log a 2

= 2 log a 2
= log a 22
= log a 4
log a (3 x 4 a ) + log a 3 x =

2
log 2 a

+ log a (1 2a )

log a (3 x 4 a ) + log a 3 x = log a 4

+ log a (1 2a )

log a 3 x (3 x 4 a ) = log a 4 (1 2a )
14

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 14

3 x (3 x 4 a ) = 4 (1 2a )

9 x 12ax + 8a 4 = 0
2

7/1/2015 9:14:03 AM

log a (3 x 4 a ) + log a 3 x =

log 2 a

+ log a (1 2a )

log a (3 x 4 a ) + log a 3 x = log a 4

+ log a (1 2a )

log a 3 x (3 x 4 a ) = log a 4 (1 2a )
3 x (3 x 4 a ) = 4 (1 2a )

43 (a) The graph of y = |sin x| is as shown

below.
In the non-modulus form,
y = |sin x| is

9 x 12ax + 8a 4 = 0
2

( 12a )

x=
=
=
=

( 12a)
2 (9)

4 (9) (8a 4 )

12a 144 a 2 288a + 144

18
12a

y
y = sin x

42 log a
log a




 (

x
= 3 log a 2 log a ( x 2a )
a2
x
= log a 23 log a ( x 2a )
2
a

x
+ log a ( x 2a ) = log a 8
a2
x

log a 2 x 2a ) = log a 8
a

x
( x 2a ) = 8
a2
x ( x 2 a ) = 8a 2

log a

x 2 2ax 8a 2 = 0

( x + 2a ) ( x 4 a ) = 0
x = 2a or 4 a
x = 2a (is not accepted)
x = 4a

sin x,

0  x  p,

sin x, p  x  2p.

p
2

3
p
2

2p

The graph of y = sin x for 0 < x < 2p

is as shown below.

18
12a (12a 12)

4a 2
1
For 0 < a < , x =
is not accepted
2
3
because when it is substituted into the given
equation, it produces log a ( ve ) which is
undefined.
2
x =
3

f(x) =

(12a 12)2

18
24 a 12
12
or
=
18
18
4a 2
2
or
=
3
3

y = sin x

p
2

3
p
2

2p

Hence, the function f(x) = |sin x| sin x

in the non-modulus form is:
sin x sin x, 0 < x < p
f(x) =
sin x sin x, p < x < 2p
0, 0 < x < p
f(x) =
-2 sin x, p < x < 2p

{
{

(b) Hence, the graph of y = f(x) = |sin x|

sin x for 0 < x < 2p is as shown below.
y
2

y = f(x )

p
2

x
3
p
2

2p

The range of f(x) is

{y | 0 < y < 2, y P }.
(c) By using the horizontal-line test, there
are two intersection points between the
horizontal line and the graph of
y = f(x) = |sin x| sin x. Hence, f(x) is
not a one-to-one function.
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 15

15

7/1/2015 9:14:16 AM

= 1 + cos q
sin q
1 + cos q tan q
=

sin q
tan q
tan q + sin q
=
sin q tan q
= RHS

y
Two intersection points
2

y = f (x)
O

p
2

3
p
2

2p

44 (a) LHS = cos4 q + sin2 q

= 1cos2 q22 + sin2 q
= 11 sin2 q22 + sin2 q
= 1 2 sin2 q + sin4 q + sin2 q
= sin4 q + 1 sin2 q
= sin4 q + cos2 q
= RHS
[ cos4 q + sin2 q sin4 q + cos2 q

[Proven]
(b) LHS = sin (q + a) + cos (q a)
= sin q cos a + cos q sin a +
cosq cos a + sin q sin a
= sin q cos a + cos q cos a +
sinq sin a + cos q sin a
= cos a(sin q + cos q) +
sin a(sinq + cos q)
= (sin q + cos q)(cos a + sin a)
= RHS
[ sin (q + a) + cos(q - a)
(sin q + cos q)(cos a + sin a)

[Proven]
45 LHS =

16

sin q tan q
tan q sin q
sin q
sin q
cos q

sin q
sin q
cos q

sin q tan q
tan q + sin q
[Proven]

tan q - sin q
sin q tan q

46 LHS = tan (P + Q) tan P

=

sin (P + Q) sin P

cos (P + Q) cos P

cos P sin (P + Q) sin P cos (P + Q)

cos P cos (P + Q)

cos P (sin P cos Q + cos P sin Q)

sin P (cos P cos Q sin P sin Q)
=
cos P cos (P + Q)
cos P sin P cos Q + cos2 P sin Q
sin P cos P cos Q + sin2 P sin Q
=
cos P cos (P + Q)
=

cos2 P sin Q + sin2 P sin Q

cos P cos (P + Q)

sin Q (cos2 P + sin2 P)

cos P cos (P + Q)

sin Q ? (l)
cos P cos (P + Q)

sin Q
cos P cos (P + Q)

= RHS
\ tan (P + Q) tan P

sin Q

cos P cos (P + Q)

[Proven]

47 LHS = csc 2q cot 2q

sin q
sin q sin q cos q

1 cos 2q
sin 2q sin 2q

1 cos2 q
sin q(1 cos q)

(1 + cos q)(1 cos q)

sin q(1 cos q)

1 cos 2q
sin 2q

2
= 1 (1 2 sin q)
sin 2q

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 16

7/1/2015 9:14:19 AM

=
=

2 sin2 q
2 sin q cos q

sin q
=
cos q
= tan q
= RHS
[ csc 2q - cot 2q tan q

[Proven]

tan 22.5 = csc 2(22.5) cot 2(22.5)

=

1
1

sin 45 tan 45

= 1 1
1
2

= 2 - 1[Shown]
48 Since A, B and C are angles of a triangle,
then A + B + C = 180.

(a) tan A + tan B + tan C
sin A sin B sin C
=
+
+
cos A cos B cos C
sin A cos B cos C + sin B cos A cos C
+ sin C cos A cos B
=
cos A cos B cos C
cos C (sin A cos B + sin B cos A)
=
=

+ sin C cos A cos B

cos A cos B cos C
cos C sin ( A + B ) + sin C cos A cos B
cos A cos B cos C
cos C sin (180 C )

+ sin C cos A cos B

cos A cos B cos C
cos C sin C + sin C cos A cos B
=
cos A cos B cos C
sin C (cos C + cos A cos B )
=
cos A cos B cos C
sin C{cos [180 ( A + B )]
=

=
=

Chapter 1.indd 17

+ cos A cos B}
cos A cos B cos C
sin C{ cos ( A + B ) + cos Accos B}

cos A cos B cos C

sin C (sin A sin B cos A cos B +
cos A cos B )
=
cos A cos B cos C

sin C (cos C + cos A cos B )

cos A cos B cos C
sin C{cos [180 ( A + B )]
+ cos A cos B}
cos A cos B cos C
sin C{ cos ( A + B ) + cos Accos B}

cos A cos B cos C

sin C (sin A sin B cos A cos B +
cos A cos B )
=
cos A cos B cos C
sin A sin B sin C
=
cos A cos B cos C
= tan A tan B tan C
[Shown]
(b) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C
= sin 2 A + sin 2C + sin 2 B

 

2 A + 2C
2 A 2C
+
cos
2
2
sin 2 B

= 2 sin

= 2 sin ( A + C ) cos ( A C ) + sin 2 B

= 2 sin (180 B ) cos ( A C ) + sin 2 B

= 2 sin B cos ( A C ) + sin 2 B

= 2 sin B cos ( A C ) + 2 sin B cos B

= 2 sin B[cos ( A C ) + cos B]

AC + B
= 2 sin B 2 cos
2

A B C

cos
2

A+ B C
= 2 sin B 2 cos
2

A (B + C )

cos
2

180 C C
= 2 sin B 2 cos
2

A (180 A)

cos
2

180 2C
= 2 sin B 2 cos
2

2 A 180

cos
2

= 4 sin B cos (90 C ) cos ( A 90)










ACE=AHEAD
4 sin BMathematics
sin C sin(T)AFirst Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

= 4sin A sin B sinC

17

[Shown ]
7/1/2015 9:14:26 AM

180 2C
= 2 sin B 2 cos
2

2 A 180

cos
2

= 4 sin B cos (90 C ) cos ( A 90)

= 4 sin B [sin C sin A]

[Shown ]

= 4sin A sin B sinC

p
p
49 (a) LHS = 2 sin A +
cos A +
4
4
p
= sin 2 A +
4
p
= sin 2A +
2
p
p
= sin 2A cos + cos 2A sin
2
2
= (sin 2A)(0) + (cos 2A)(1)
= cos 2A
= RHS

1
1

2
2

\ 2 sin A +

p
p
cos A +
; cos 2A
4
4
[Proven]

p
p
cos B
4
4
p
p
= cos B + + B
+
4
4
p
p
cos B + B
4
4
p
= cos 2B + cos
2
= cos 2B + 0
= cos 2B
= RHS
p
p
\ 2 cos B +
cos B ; cos 2B
4
4
[Proven]

(b) LHS = 2 cos B +

1
3

50

24

cos 3x = cos2 x
4 cos3 x 3 cos x = cos2 x
3
4 cos x cos2 x 3 cos x = 0
cos x (4 cos2 x cos x 3) = 0
cos x (4 cos x + 3)(cos x 1) = 0
cos x = 0, 3 , 1
4
When cos x = 0,
x = 90, 270
When cos x = 3 ,
4
x = 138.6, 221.4

18

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 18

When cos x = 1,
x = 0, 360
[ x = 0, 90, 138.6, 221.4, 270, 360
51 sin 3q + sin2 q = 2
sin 3q = 3 sin q 4 sin3 q

(3 sin q 4 sin3 q) + sin2 q 2 = 0

4 sin3 q sin2 q 3 sin q + 2 = 0

(sin q + 1)(4 sin2 q 5 sin q + 2) = 0
sin q + 1 = 0 or 4 sin2 q 5 sin q + 2 = 0
When sin q + 1 = 0
sin q = 1
q = 270
For 4 sin2 q 5 sin q + 2 = 0, there are no
real roots because b2 4ac = (5)2 4(4)(2)
= 7 (< 0)
[ q = 270
4 sin2 q 5 sin q + 2
sin q + 1 24 sin3 q sin2 q 3 sin q + 2
() 4 sin3 q + 4 sin2 q
5 sin2 q 3 sin q
() 5 sin2 q 5 sin q
2 sin q + 2
() 2 sin q + 2
0
52 tan x + cot x = 8 cos 2 x
sin x cos x
+
= 8 cos 2 x
cos x sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
= 8 cos 2 x
sin x cos x
1
= 8 cos 2 x
sin x cos x
2
= 8 cos 2 x
2 sin x cos x
2
= 8 cos 2 x
sin 2 x
1 = 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x

1 = 2 ( 2 sinn 2 x cos 2 x )

1 = 2 sin 4 x
1
sin 4 x =
2
p
Basic =
6
1 5 13 17
4x = p , p , p , p
6 6 6
6
1
5
13 17

7/1/2015 9:14:29 AM

2 sin A cos A
2
cos 2 A
=
sin A
cos 2 A sin 2 A
=
sin A
cos 2 A sin 2 A

=
sin A
sin A
cos A
=
cos A sin A
sin A
= cot A cos A sin A

1 = 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x

1 = 2 ( 2 sinn 2 x cos 2 x )
1 = 2 sin 4 x
1
sin 4 x =
2
p If 0 < x < p, then
Basic =
6 0 < 4x < 4p
1 5 13 17
4x = p , p , p , p
6 6 6
6
1
5
13 17
x = p, p, p, p
24 24 24 24

= RHS
5
3
cos A + cos A
2
2

cot A cos A - sin A

1
3
sin A + sin A
[Proven]
2
2

53 sin 3 x sec x = 2 tan x

 

1
= 2 tan x
cos x
sin 2 x tan x = 2 tan x
sin 2 x tan x 2 tan x = 0
sin 2 x sin x

tan x sin x 2 = 0
2

55 LHS =

cos 2 A 2 cos 4 A + cos 6 A

cos 2 A + 2 cos 4 A + cos 6 A

cos 6 A + cos 2 A 2 cos 4 A

cos 6 A + cos 2 A + 2 cos 4 A

tan x = 0 or sin x = 2
2

When tan x = 0,
x = 0 or p

2 cos

When sin x = 2,
2

sin x = 2
[sin x = 2 is not possible because it is
out of the range of 1  sin x  1].
Hence, x = 0 or p.




1
2
=
1
2 sin
2

Chapter 1.indd 19

 
 

 

cos 2 A 1
cos 2 A + 1
1 2 sin 2 A 1
=
2 cos 2 A 1 + 1
2 sin 2 A
=
2 cos 2 A
sin 2 A
=
cos 2 A
= tan 2 A
= RHS
=




5
3
1 5
3
A + A cos
A A
2
2
2 2
2
3
1
1 3
1
A + A cos
A A
2
2
2 2
2
1
2 cos 2 A cos A
2
=
1
2 sin A cos A
2
cos 2 A
=
sin A
cos 2 A sin 2 A
=
sin A
2
cos A sin 2 A

=
sin A
sin A
cos A
=
cos A sin A
sin A
= cot A cos A sin A
2 cos

 

6A + 2A
6A 2A
cos
2
2
2 cos 4 A

6A + 2A
6A 2A
cos
2
2
+ 2 cos 4 A
2 cos 4 A cos 2 A 2 cos 4 A
=
2 cos 4 A cos 2 A + 2 cos 4 A
2 cos 4 A (cos 2 A 1)
=
2 cos 4 A (cos 2 A + 1)
2 cos

5
3
cos A + cos A
2
2
54 LHS =
A
3
sin A + sin
2
2

\


cos 2 A - 2cos 4 A + cos 6 A

= - tan 2 A
cos 2 A + 2cos 4 A + cos 6 A
[Proven]

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

19

7/1/2015 9:14:46 AM

sin x sin 3x + sin 5x = 0

sin 5x + sin x sin 3x = 0
5x x
2 sin 5x + x cos
sin 3x = 0
2
2
2 sin 3x cos 2x sin 3x = 0
sin 3x (2 cos 2x 1) = 0
sin 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 1
2
When sin 3x = 0
3x = 0, 180, 360, 540
x = 0, 60, 120, 180
When cos 2x = 1 ,
2
2x = 60, 300
x = 30, 150
[ x = 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180
[ x = 0, 1 p, 1 p, 2 p , 5 p, p
6 3 3 6

2
= t 2t + 1
1 t2
(t 1)2
=
(1 + t)(1 t)
(1 t)2
=
(1 + t)(1 t)
1t
=
1+t
p
q
tan tan
4
2
=
p
q
1 + tan tan
4
2
p q
= tan

4 2
= RHS

56

x = x

p
rad.
180

[ sec q - tan q ; tan

4 - 2+

csc q cot q = sec q tan q

q
p q
First quadrant tan 2 = tan 4 2

q p q
q
p q
= or = p +

2 4 2
2
4 2

57
1 + t2
2t

q
1 t2

(a) LHS = csc q cot q

1 t2 1 t2
= +
2t
2t
2
1 t 1 + t2
= +
2t
2
2t
=
2t
=t
q
= tan
2
= RHS
q
[ csc q - cot q ; tan
2
(b) LHS = sec q tan q
1 t2
= + 2 2t 2
1t
1t
2
1 t 2t
= +
1 t2

20

p
q=
4

or q = 5 p
4

Third quadrant

58 8 sin q 3 cos q = r sin (q a)

= r(sin q cos a cos q sin a)
= r sin q cos a r cos q sin a
By comparison,
r cos a = 8
1
r sin a = 3
2
Squaring and adding 1 and 2 :
r 2 (cos2 a + sin2 a) = 82 + 32
r 2(1) = 73
r = 73
2
1

r sin a 3
=
r cos a 8
tan a = 3
8

12

a = tan1 3
8
= 20.56

[ 8 sin q 3 cos q = 73 sin (q 20.56)

= 73 sin (q - 20.6)
[Correct to the nearest 0.1]

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 20

7/1/2015 9:14:48 AM

The maximum value of 8 sin q 3 cos q

is 73.
The minimum value of 8 sin q 3 cos q
is 73.
8 sin q 3 cos q = 73
4
73 sin (q 20.56) = 73
4
1
sin (q 20.56) =
4
q 20.56 = 14.48, 165.52
q = 35.0, 168.1
[Correct to the nearest 0.1]
59 Let 4 sin q 3 cos q ; r sin (q a)
r = 42 + (3)2 = 5
a = tan1 3 = 36.87
4
[ 4 sin q 3 cos q = 5 sin (q - 36.9)
4 sin q 3 cos q = 3
5 sin (q 36.87) = 3
sin (q 36.87) = 3
5
q 36.87 = 36.87, 143.13
q = 73.7, 180.0

when cos 2 x =

1
2

p
p
, 2p
4
4
p 7p
x= ,
8 8

2x =

Solution set is
{x 0  x 
61 (a)

12

60

p 7p
,
 x p}
8 8

1
O

As f is not a one-to-one function, f has

no inverse.
(b) k = 1
-1
a
a )x= x
f ( af )(=
(c) L etLfet-1f( x )( =x )a=
1 1
e a +e ae+- ae -=a x= x
2 2
e a +e ae+- ae=- a2=x 2 x

( (

) )

e 2 ae-2 a2-xe2ax+e a1+=10= 0

x 24- 4
2 x 2x 4 x 24 ea =
ea =
2 2

y = cos 2x

x 21- 1
e a x=+x +x 2 ea =

y= 1
2
O

3 7
4 8

cos 2 x = 2 cos 2 x 1
2 cos 2 x = 1 + cos 2 x

x +x 2 1
x 21a =a1n= 1xn +

f 1 ( x ) = ln x + x 2 1 , x , x 1

62 (a) f ( x ) =

2 2 cos 2 x = 2 + 2 cos 2 x
2 2 cos 2 x  1 + 2 becomes
2 + 2 cos 2 x  1 + 2
1
cos 2 x 
2

f (x) =

e x e x e2 x 1
=
,
e x + e x e2 x + 1
as x ,f ( x ) 1
e x e x 1 e 2 x
,
=
e x + e x 1 + e 2 x
as x ,f ( x ) 1

The range of f = { y | 1 < y < 1}.

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 21

21

7/1/2015 9:14:58 AM

  
 

(b)

1
2

+3

11
4

q(x) > 0 x

Minimum value of q(x) is 11 when

4
1
x=
2

f is a one-to-one function, f has an

inverse.

1
Let fLet
= af
(fx)1 =( xa)
(a)f =(ax) = x
(c)

(b)

p(x) < 2x 5

e a eea a e a
=x=x
e a +eea +a e a

(x

e 2 a e 21a 1
=x=x
e 2 a +e 21a + 1

(x

)( (

)) (

)( (

)) (

2
2
4 x 2 +xx + 34 +x( 2+x x 5+)3 + ( 2 x 5)

( 2 x 5) < 0 ( 2 x 5) < 0

2
2
4 x 2 +xx + 34 <x0 + x + 3 < 0

As q(x) > 0,

(1 (x1)e 2xa)=e 21a +=x1 + x

x2 4 > 0

Solution set is {x 2 < x < 2, x }

e 2 a e 21a = x1e=2 ax+e 2xa + x

1 + x1 + x
e 2 a =e 2 a =
1 x1 x

64 (a) p(x) = ax4 + bx2 + 2x 2

p (1) = 0, a + b = 0

  
  

1 11 + x1 + x
a=a=
ln ln
2 21 x1 x

= ( x 1) x 3 x 2 + 2

63 By carry out long division

x + x+3
x 2 4 x 4 + x 3 x 2 2 x 17

x4

4x2

x3

4x

3 x 2 + 2 x 17

3x 2

12

= x+

1
2

) )

Solution set is {x 1 < x < 3, x }

  
 

( ) (( ( ))

(1 6 x ) >(10 6 x()1>(106x6) >x )0> 0

3
3 3
( x 1)3 ((xx31))<((x0x(x13) )1(<)x 0(x3) <3)0< 0

(a) q(x) = x2 + x + 3
2

(i) (x2 + 2x + 2) = [(x + 1)2 + 1] < 0 x

(ii) The maximum value is 1 when
x = 1

p(x) = (x2 4)(x2 + x + 3) (2x 5)

1
2

2
( x1)) 2> p1( (xxp6)(1>
(d) p( x ) > ( xp
( x)))(>(x1(x16)2x1())12(16x6) x )
2
2
2
2 2
2 22 2 ( x 1)
)221)xx2 +
2 (x (x1) 1)
( x 1) 2(xx2 +12) x( x+x(2x1+
x+12+x2+x2+

2x 5

= x+

(c) Quadratic factor is (x2 + 2x 2)

x 3 + 3x 2 2 x

= ( x 1) x 2 + 2 x + 2
2

p ( 2) = 10, 4 a + b = 3

a = 1, b = 1
+
x
1
1
1
1
+
x
f (fx)1 =
1 ,<x1 < 1x < 1
x ,,
( x2) =ln 1ln x , x , ,
(b) p(x) = x4 + x2 + 2x 2
2
1 x
1

22

= x+
O

1
= x+
2

1
2

+3

11
4

65 2 x 2 = 2 x 1 2 x 2 = 2 x 1
or

2 x 2 = ( 2 x 1)

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 22

7/1/2015 9:15:12 AM

x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 x2 2x 1 = 0
2 8
2
x =1 2

( x + 3) ( x 1) = 0

x=

x =1

Solution set is {x 1 2 x 1, x }

y = | cos 2x |

2
1
1
2
O

3
4

y= 1
2
x

1
2
p
p
p
p
2 x = , p , p + , 2p
3
3
3
3
p p 2 5
x = , , p, p
6 3 3 6
Solution set is
p p
2 5
{x 0 < x < , < x < p , p < x < p }
6 3
6 6
cos 2 x =

y
y = | 2x 1|
2

66

1
2
y = 2 x2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 1.indd 23

23

7/1/2015 9:15:19 AM