Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2.0
OBJECTIVE
1.1
1.2
3.0
ABBREVIATION
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.1
Rigid Support
6.2
6.3
10
6.4
SUPPLEMENTARY STEEL
10
7.0
RESPONSIBILITY
11
7.1
BY PIPING
11
7.2
BY CIVIL
11
7.3
11
8.0
SUPPORTS (RESTRAINT)
12
9.0
12
9.1
12
9.2
12
9.3
SUSTAINED LOAD
12
9.4
OPERATION LOAD
13
9.5
13
9.6
FRICTION LOAD
13
10.0
15
11.0
17
12.0
18
13.0
DESIGN PARARMETER
18
14.0
19
14.1
CONSTRUCTABILITY EXAMPLE
19
15.0
19
16.0
19
OBJECTIVE
The design guide for pipe support is to provide the Civil Engineer to consider the
design and construction of the design processes.
(The specification mainly described as on pipe rack and attached on the vessel)*
1.1
1.2
j)
2.0
3.0
ABBREVIATION
SPS
HYD
Hydro test
SUS
Suspension
OPE
Operation
OPE+Wind -
FRIC
Friction
SW
Self-Weight
DL
Dead Load
LL
Live Load
VDB
VDBC
IDC
IFR
IFC
4.0
5.0
6.0
To carry load
In trench
6.1
Rigid Support
Spring Support
Snubber /shock absorber
Supplementary steel
Rigid Support
Rigid supports are used to restrict pipe in certain direction(s) without any flexibility (in
that direction).
Main function of a rigid support can be Anchor, Rest, Guide or both Rest & Guide.
For supporting elements shall be based on the loadings: including the weight of the
fluid transported or the fluid used for testing, whichever is heavier.
Exceptions may be made in the case of supporting elements for large size gas or air
piping, exhaust steam, relief or safety valve relief piping, but only under the conditions
where the possibility of the line becoming full of water or other liquid is very remote.
To support the pipe weight & is generally used where little or no pipe
movement is anticipated.
Guides
Pipe lines containing expansion joints or other where lateral pipe movement
needs to be controlled.
Where guides are provided to restrain, direct, or absorb piping movements, their
design shall take into account the forces and moments at these elements
caused by internal pressure and thermal expansion.
Stopper
Anchor
Full fixation
6.2
6.3
6.4
SUPPLEMENTARY STEEL
Where it is necessary to frame structural members between existing steel members,
such supplementary steel shall be designed in accordance with AISC specifications, or
similar recognized structural design standards. Increases of allowable stress values
shall be in accordance with the structural design standard being used. Additional
increases of allowable stress values, such as allowed stress values are not permitted.
RESPONSIBILITY
7.1
BY PIPING
Anchors, guide and restraints shall be designed for imposed loading as determined by
the Piping Design Engineer.
For guided systems, in the absence of specified lateral loads, the guide shall be
designed for 20% of the dead weight load based on the spans, with a design load of
50lbs (0.22 kN) as a minimum.
For pressure piping with joints not having a restraining design, other positive restraining
such as clamps, rods and/or thrust blocking shall be used to maintain the integrity of
the joints.
The necessity for, and the location of, shock suppressors and seismic control
devices shall be as determined by the Piping Design Engineers scope.
7.2
BY CIVIL
Pipe support is classified as a special pipe support and under the civils responsibility to
design the pipe support when one or more of following criteria are met.
Total vertical load transmitting by piping 3.0MT.
Total lateral load transmitting by piping
1.0MT.
Height of support
3.0M.
All reactions applied to SPS will be provided as a sketch by the Pipe Stress Engineer.
7.3
SUPPORTS (RESTRAINT)
Vertical (gravity direction)
Axial (parallel to pipe run (longitudinal axis)
Lateral (perpendicular to both the vertical & the axial axes(transverse axis)
9.0
9.1
9.2
Dead load
(Structure dead load (self-weight)
Live Load
(Usually no Live Load on pipe support)
Piping
HYD
Hydro test load
SUS
Suspension
OPE
Operation
OPE +Wind
9.3
SUSTAINED LOAD
Sustained load is caused by mechanical forces which are present throughout the
abnormal operation of the piping system. Include both weight & pressure loadings.
(All piping systems must be designed for weight loading)
Many piping systems are under internal pressure loadings from the fluid they transport.
Calculated stresses are due to sustained load by
(a) Internal Pressure Stresses.
(b) External Pressure Stresses.
(c) External Loading Stresses.
9.4
OPERATION LOAD
The sum of the stresses produced by internal and external pressure, live and dead
loads during operation.
9.5
9.6
FRICTION LOAD
Caused by hot lines sliding across the pipe support are assumed to be partially resisted
by nearby cold lines.
Friction forces can be estimated based on the coefficient of friction between the pipe
shoe and support beam.
Friction loads are cause by expansion and contraction of pipes.
Based on the expansion and contraction of pipes, friction loads are typically seen in the
longitudinal direction of the pipe support.
(When a pipe expands due to increase in temperature from the installed condition,
some friction forces will be transferred to the line-stops and rest supports tending to
move them in the same or opposite direction of the thermal expansion. It is advisable
that the pipe stress analyst do not list the friction forces in the load table on the
stress isometric.
The reason is that this has led to that the friction load has been misunderstood by the
pipe supporter or structural department, and hence a line-stop has been installed
where the pipes were to move freely in the axial direction.
Guidance should be given to the pipe support department on how to handle friction
forces not listed on the stress isometric. Typical is to add an axial friction load of 1/3
of the reported vertical loads.)1
Note1
So, we have to consider additional friction load which is need to consider for local
strength check and this load is acting along longitudinal axis of the pipe.
Friction load need to consider when pipe support is rest, or guide or rest +guide.
Friction load is calculated as:
Friction Load (FRIC) = Static Friction Coefficient x Operating Load (OPE)
Friction has been described from each. Detailed Engineering Design Data for Civil and
Structure" Project specification
10.0
Note
So there need to convert the load axis when putting the piping load to pipe support
model.
And then we need to change axis for giving the clip loading to the Vendor.
12.0
13.0
DESIGN PARARMETER
Actually need to design parameter as the project specification.
Generally the basic of design parameter are as under described.
CODE
ALPHA
BEAM
BETA
CMM
Loading Type
CMN
End Restraint
FU
PY
SBLT
TORSION
RATIO
KY
KZ
LY
LZ
UNL
14.0
14.1
CONSTRUCTABILITY EXAMPLE
Especially difference of beam depth is less than 100mm, it will bring narrow
space not be able to able to work welding grinding coating and inspection.
The difference of depth (h) shall be kept over minimum 100mm for ease
connection from constructability point of view.
15.0
16.0