Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
D. T. Shahani
IDD Centre
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
New Delhi, India
dt.shahani@gmail.com
IDD Centre
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
New Delhi, India
arunverma59@gmail.com
I.
INTRODUCTION
The energy from natural resources like sun and wind offers
alternate sources of energy which is in generally clean,
harmless to environment, sustainable and found in abundance.
However, there are a number of potential challenges in
integrating solar photovoltaic (SPV) to the grid due to its
unpredictable nature [1].There is a need for robust, sustainable
and climate friendly power generating systems that are
intelligent, reliable, and green. Many grid interfaced converter
topologies are available for integrating renewable energy to
the grid [2]. There are number of dominant problems being
faced while the grid is interfaced to SPV [2]. These are related
mainly with power quality like power factor correction,
reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. Any
integration of renewable energy source to the electric grid has
to fulfill standard power quality requirements. The grid
interfaced SPV system is reported earlier on the grid
interfaced SPV, but the handling of PQ problems has not been
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
(4)
1
Cd V 2 dc V 2 dc1 = 3V It s
2
(5)
Id
Cd =
2* * vdcripple
(7)
Lf =
3mVdc
12hf s i
(8)
IV.
Vt =
{( 2 3) ( v
2
sa
+ vsb2 + vsc2 )
12
(9)
The unit vectors in phase with phase voltages are derived as,
usa =
vsa
v
v
, usb = sb , usc = sc
vt
vt
vt
(10)
(11)
I Lactive = ( 2 3)( P L Vt )
(12)
dc ( n )
(13)
(15)
I *sad = I *active *usa , I *sbd = I *active *usb , I *scd = I *active *usc (16)
B. Quadrature Component of Reference Grid Currents
The quadrature or reactive power components of grid currents
either must be zero for power factor correction (PFC) to unity
at PCC or it must be responsible to take care voltage drop in
the grid (Source) impedance through small leading reactive
power currents flowing in to the grid. However, it may be
lagging in nature also if the loads are of leading power factor.
Therefore, VSC must feed a reactive power of the consumer
loads and small leading reactive power to the grid to take care
voltage drop in the grid impedance. For this purpose, a voltage
PI controller is used to regulate PCC voltage over the PCC
voltage. The output PI voltage controller is considered as a
fundamental reactive power component of currents provided
by VSC. Therefore, the reactive power components of grid
currents are estimated by the difference of an output of PI
voltage controller and the fundamental reactive power
components of the consumer load currents. These quadrature
or reactive power components of grid currents are estimated
through following basic equations.
The unit vectors in quadrature with vsa,vsb and vsc may be
derived using a quadrature transformation of the in-phase unit
vectors usa,usb and usc as,
wsa = usb
3 + usc
(17)
(18)
(19)
Ver ( t ) = V
*
tref ( t )
Vt ( t )
(20)
qL = (1/ 3){(vsa vsb )iLa + (vsb vsc )iLb + (vsc vsa )iLc } (22)
This instantaneous load reactive power consists of DC as well
as AC components. To extract fundamental component of
reactive power of the consumer loads QL (which is DC
component) a LPF (Low Pass Filter) is used.
The amplitude of the fundamental reactive power of the load
current is given as,
I Lreactive = ( 2 3)( Q L Vt )
(23)
(24)
(26)
i*saq = I*reactive *wsa , i*sbq = I*reactive *wsb , i*scq = I*reactive *wsc (25)
Fig.2 Performance of Proposed System at Linear unbalanced Load for Unity Power Factor and Load Balancing
Fig.3 Performance of Proposed System at Unbalanced Nonlinear Loads for Unity Power Factor and Load Balancing
Fig. 4 Performance of Proposed System at Unbalanced Linear Load for Load Balancing and Voltage Regulation
Fig.5 Performances of Proposed System at unbalanced Nonlinear Load for Load Balancing and Voltage Regulation
VII.
CONCLUSIONS
APPENDICES