IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 1 | Issue 11 | May 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Command Area Management Study of Karjan

Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and
GIS
Priteshkumar R. Mori
M.E. Student
Department of Civil Engineering (WRM)
L.D.C.E- Ahmedabad

Dr. Pradeep P.Lodha

Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
G.E.C VALSAD, Gujarat

Dr. Indra Prakash

Faculty-BISAG
Department of
BISAG Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Chiragkumar S. Bhura
M.E. Student
Department of Civil Engineering (WRM)
L.D.C.E- Ahmedabad

Abstract
The command area management of a dam includes various parameters to studied i.e. ground water recharge, irrigation intensity,
water use efficiency (WUE) knowing land use pattern, various thematic maps etc. These parameter are estimated using some
calculation and by generating maps using Remote sensing and Geographical system (GIS). The software model used in this study
is ArcGIS 9.3. The thematic maps of command area shows the land use pattern, canal network, village boundary, ground water
level depth of Karjan dam command area.
Keywords: Irrigation Intensity, Remote Sensing, GIS, Ground Water Level, Water Use Efficiency
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Command area management, is on-farm development works such as, construction of field channels, land leveling/ shaping,
realignment of field boundaries where necessary and set of action plans for rejuvenation of irrigation system. Management of
water below the canal outlets offers the greatest scope for increased production and productivity in the irrigation commands.
Irrigation Water Management is defined as a process by which water resources are manipulated in order to provide water for
plant growth. Management is accomplished through a system of hardware (structure) and the operating rules (software). An
irrigation system has three basic components-delivery, application and disposal. These are part of hardware system. While
delivery procedure encompass rate, duration and frequency, water allocation, scheduling of irrigation are the system software.
Both these system are important in management of irrigation system.
Irrigation management may mean differently from person to person. To the irrigation system manager good management
means equitable distribution of water without significant losses and with a fairly good degree of certainty.
Irrigation is vital for realizing full potential of agriculture sector and efficient utilization of our water resources, therefore
assumed great significance. The distribution of rainfall is not only seasonal but also unequal. Partial failure or delayed arrival of
the monsoon may cause extensive damage of crops. Besides, as the winter months are mostly dry, the cultivation of rabbi crops
depends largely on irrigation so irrigation is needed

II. STUDY AREA

Karjan Reservoir Project is suited near Jitagadh village of Nandod Taluka, Dist Narmada of Gujarat state. River Karjan is left
bank tributary of river Narmada. It is down stream of Sardar Sarovar Project. The project covers 51000 ha CCA through left and
right bank canal system. The project area lies on the western coast of the Indian continent, between 73 0.5 and 730.40 longitude
east and 210.30 and 220.0 latitude north. The elevation of the project area varies between 18m to 120m. above MSL.

III. OBJECTIVES
To analyze efficacy of command area development after construction of dam and canal network.
Parameter included in this study are:
Ground water level
Land use / Land cover map

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
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Water use efficiency

IV. METHODOLOGY

Collection preliminary and detailed field data.

Determine irrigation intensity and Generating thematic maps like Land use, Canal network, Water table, etc.
Analyses the data and maps
Conclusion

V. IRRIGATION SCENARIO
Irrigation has always been a critical means of enhancing production and productivity of agricultural crops. Productivity of rain
fed farming being less than half of that in the irrigated farming, there exists high potential of increasing crop production in India
by extending irrigation to rain fed areas. The Government of India is spending considerably large amounts of money on creation
and management of irrigation facilities to realize the untapped potential and to achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture.
Irrigation scheduling deserves the top priority as an instrument of canal irrigation management and optimal crop production.

Fig. 1: Irrigated Area in LBMC

In study region the cultivable command area of left bank main canal(LBMC) is 37557 hector. From Fig.1 it is clear that in hot wt. a very less
area is irrigated through canal irrigation. Major crop area is covered in rabi season. Maximum annual irrigated area was 31000 ha in 2009-10.

Fig. 2: Irrigated Area in RBMC

The total cultivable command area in Right Bank Main Canal(RBMC) is 10537 ha. It is clear from Figure.2 is maximum one
third area of command is irrigated through canal irrigation. In rabi season maximum irrigation done through canal while in hot
weather irrigation through canal is not satisfied.
Intensity of irrigation is defined as the percentage of the irrigation proposed to be irrigated annually.

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
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Fig. 3: Canal Wise Intensity of Irrigation

VI. GENERATING THEMATIC MAPS

Fig. 4: Land Use Map of Karjan Dam Command Area

The methodology of LU/LC mapping has been explained in form of flowchart containing all steps as shown in figure 3.1. The
data inputs in a Arc GIS 9.3 usually spatial and consists of thematic maps derived from a combination of existing maps and
manual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery.
The imageries of IRS-LISS-III of year 2013 have been extracted. For that ArcGIS 9.3 tool has been used.
The land use map shows the 80 percentage land is covered by the agricultural land.

Fig. 5: Canal Network

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
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Fig. 6: Village Boundary of Karjan Dam Command Area

The irrigation water is originated from the Karjan dam and is distributed through Left and Right main canal. The canal network data
structure is important to assess the spatial distribution of the water demand and supply for irrigation planning and management.

VII. GROUND WATER LEVEL

Elevation or level of the water table in a well when the pump is not operating. The level or elevation to which water would rise in
a tube connected to an artesian aquifer or basin in a conduit under pressure.
A. Procedure for Generating Water Table Maps:

Open ArcGIS
Add XY data
IDW 3D
RECLASSIFY
1) Provide interval and give classes as required
Raster to Polygon
Smooth Polygon
Clip required map area and save file
File properties categories- Grid code
Export the map

Fig. 6: A: GWL May 2001

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
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Fig. 6: B: GWL Oct 2001

Fig. 6: C: GWL May 2001

Fig. 6: D: GWL Oct 2006

Fig. 6: E: GWL May 2011

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
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Fig. 6: F: GWL Oct 2011

Fig. 6: G: GWL May 2014

Fig. 6: H: GWL Oct 2014

VIII. WATER USE EFFICIENCY

Water use efficiency indicate the overall efficiency of the agricultural land, agro climate condition of existing canal network. It
means considering all losses how much amount of water more then it release needs to make the existing irrigation system
efficient.
Water use efficiency = quantity of water used / quantity of water supplied.

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Command Area Management Study of Karjan Dam Gujarat, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
(IJSTE/ Volume 1 / Issue 11 / 026)

Table - 1
Water Use Efficiency in LBMC

Year
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13

Watre Use Efficiency in LBMC

Quantity of water Quantity of water
used in ha.m
supplied in ha.m
41312.7
178795.7434
41312.7
202111.6087
41312.7
188912.3335
41312.7
276781.0955
41312.7
211310.7329

WUF
0.2310609
0.2044054
0.2186872
0.1492613
0.1955069

Table - 2
Water Use Efficiency in RBMC

year
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13

Watre Use Efficiency in RBMC

Quantity of water Quantity of water
used in ha.m
supplied in ha.m
11590.7
85055.20007
11590.7
84504.72056
11590.7
75073.1717
11590.7
73837.65103
11590.7
57678.01932

WUF
0.136273
0.13716
0.154392
0.156975
0.200955

IX. CONCLUSION
The overall impact of the canal irrigation has been increased in Rabi and Hot weather seasons. The maximum and minimum
annual intensity of canal irrigation in RBMC was 58 percent and 28 percent respectively, whereas in LBMC 30 percent and 22
percent. In LBMC the major area is irrigated through ground water and due to perennial crop pattern of the area the requirement
water is fulfill by both the ground water and canal releases.
A Land use map of the Karjan dam command area shows the 80 percent area of gross command area is covered by the crop
land. Generating map of canal network with village boundary help to analyze the potentiality of canal to different places in
command area.
Ground water level maps has been shows the change in area of water levels in last 14 years. In 2001 the maximum area is
covered by 8 to 15 meter depth whereas in 2014 the major area covered by 2 to 8 meter depth of water. The result shows the rise
of water level after implementation of dam and canal network system.
Water Use Efficiency of canal irrigation in between 2008 to 2014 in RBMC command was 0.13 to 0.20 whereas in LBMC
command there was 0.14 to 0.25 minimum and maximum respectively.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors are thankful to the Director, BISAG and his technical staff for providing valuable help and facilities for conducting this
study. Authors are also thankful to the Department of Karjan dam Rajpipla, Gujarat. for sharing the data and information of the
study area.

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