Basketball History

Dr. James Naismith invented the game in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts at

Springfield College. He was a Presbyterian minister (but never preached) and a doctor
(but never practiced medicine) and an educator and physical education teacher and a
basketball coach. He was born in Almonte, Ontario of Scottish ancestry so this great
American (and now worldwide) sport was invented by a Canadian, with a Scottish
accent! He was a thirty year-old assistant physical education director when he invented
the game. He only played in two games! The first baskets were not peach baskets as the
story often goes, but were vegetable baskets nailed to the railing of an elevated circular
running track, which just happened to be about 9 or 10 feet high.
He eventually became head of the physical education department at Kansas, and designed
the first golf course in Kansas. His favorite sport was fencing and he was very good at it.
He invented basketball for fun, as a simple physical education activity not something
to be serious about! He said often, "Basketball is just a game to play. It doesnt need a
coach you dont coach basketball, you just play it." Nevertheless, he became basketball
coach at Kansas in 1900, and lost his first game 48-8 to Nebraska. He coached for eight
years and his won-loss record was barely .500. But he started a great Kansas tradition.
For years, the Kansas Jayhawks had one of the most winning programs in all of college
basketball. Phog Allen (Kansas, record: 590-219), Adolph Rupp (Kentucky), and Dean
Smith (North Carolina) were all Jayhawks.
Naismith never patented his game, and did not profit from it. Lawyers advised him to get
a patent, but he was always adamantly opposed to it. At one point his personal finances
were so bad that his house in Kansas was repossessed by the bank.
Dr. Naismith worked with the famous football coach, Amos Alonzo Stagg. He helped
Stagg design the first football helmet. Stagg later gave credit to basketball for the
development of the forward pass in football.
The first public game was in Armory Hill YMCA on March 11, 1892, with a crowd of
200 on hand, as the students beat the teachers 5-1. Amos Alonzo Stagg scored the only
point for the teachers. The first womens game was March 22, 1893 at Smith College in
Northampton, Massachusetts. The first college game was Feb. 9, 1895 Minnesota State
School of Agriculture beat Hamline 9-3. The first womens college game was in April
1895 between Stanford and California. The first mens professional league began in 1898
and was known as the National Basketball Association (but not the same NBA as today).
The first national AAU basketball tournament was in 1897. Wisconsin claims to be the

first state with a high school state tournament, which was won by Fond du Lac in 1905.
High school basketball attracted national attention 12 years later in 1917.
Basketball was first played in the Olympic Games in 1936, in Berlin, when the USA beat
Canada 19-8 for the gold medal. The game was played outdoors, in the mud and rain, on
a tennis court.

Basketball Fundamentals - Footwork

Basketball is played on the fingertips and the balls of your feet. Everything you do
involves correct footwork. Some players are naturally quicker than others. But a player's
effective quickness can be greatly enhanced if he/she uses proper footwork. A naturally
quick player who lacks good footwork skills can be beaten (or contained) by a player
with sound footwork fundamentals.

Offensive Stance
You always want to be in a good "basketball position" or stance. From this
position, it is easier to start and stop, change direction and pace, jump, shoot,
pass, catch and dribble. You should have your weight on the balls of your feet
(the front part of the foot near the toes) and the feet should be shoulder
width apart with the knees flexed. The head is centered above the lower
body, and your hands are about chest high with your elbows bent and your
arms close to your sides. When you actually have the ball on the perimeter,

use the triple threat position so you are in a position to either pass, shoot or
dribble.

Pivoting
When you are stationary on the court, the rules say you can move one foot
around, as long as the other foot (the "pivot foot") remains planted on the
floor. This is called pivoting and all players must know how to pivot. There are
two types of pivots, the forward pivot and the reverse pivot (or drop-step).
Pivoting is done on the ball of the foot. You do not want to become flat-footed
or have your weight back on your heels. The ball of the pivot foot must be in
contact with the floor at all times and must not slide sideways. When you
pivot, just actually spin around on the ball of your pivot foot. If you pick up
your pivot foot, or change your pivot foot to your other foot, you will be called
for a traveling violation. When starting your dribble, the ball must leave your
hand before you lift your pivot foot. When shooting a jump shot, you may
jump and your pivot foot may lift off the floor, but you must release the ball
from your hand before you land again on the floor.

In a forward pivot, the player pivots forward, while in a reverse pivot, the player pivots
backward. For example, let's say the left foot is the pivot foot (usually the case for a
right-handed player). Here, a forward pivot would have the player pivoting (spinning), or
stepping forward in a counterclockwise motion (if looking down from above). A reverse
pivot would have the player pivoting, or stepping backwards (drop-stepping) in a
clockwise motion. Just the opposite would be the case if the right foot were the pivot
foot.
Which foot should be my pivot foot? Well, it could be either depending on the game
situation. Outside, perimeter players most often will use their non-dominant foot as the
pivot foot when facing the basket. For example, a right-handed player facing the basket
will most often plant the left foot as the pivot foot and make a jab step with his/her right
foot (see Perimeter Moves), and just the opposite would be the case for the left-handed
player. Coaches vary on this, but we teach our perimeter players that if they are righthanded, the left foot should be the pivot foot, and lefties should use the right foot as the
pivot foot. We believe this is simple and the most natural, athletic way for most players.
Now a low-post player who has his/her back to the basket is often wise to receive the ball
with both feet planted (as after a jump stop). This allows the player the option of selecting
either foot for pivoting, depending on where the defender is located (for either a dropstep to baseline or a move to the lane -- see Post Moves).
You must be able to pivot forward and backward using either foot.

Pivoting drills
1. Start with the left foot as pivot foot. Pivot forward 15 times.
2. Now backward pivot (reverse pivot) 15 times.
3. Switch pivot foot. Forward pivot 15 times.
4. Backward pivot (reverse pivot) 15 times.
Pivoting Pointers
1. You must keep your head up with eyes forward.
2. Have your knees bent a little.
3. Your pivot point must not change.
4. Your pivot foot does not slide.

How to Stop
There are two ways to stop, the one-two step landing and the jump-stop.
One-two step landing
When doing this landing (after a sprint or speed dribble), one foot lands first
(the back foot) and then the second foot lands. The back foot becomes the
pivot foot. When stopping, let the second foot to land extend wide from the
back foot for better balance.
Jump-stop
When doing the jump-stop, both feet land simultaneously. The last step
should be a hop and when you land, have your weight leaning backward a
little to help slow your momentum. Using this stop, you are now free to use
either foot as your pivot foot.

There is confusion over the rules and what is legal and what constitutes a traveling
violation. My interpretation is this... it depends on whether you already have possession
of the ball or not (as in receiving a pass), and whether or not you have already used up the
one-step that you are entitled to. When receiving a pass with a jump-stop, you can pivot
after the jump-stop and either foot can become the pivot foot. This is especially helpful
for post players. A perimeter player can catch the ball with a jump-stop, and the pivot into
triple-threat position if necessary and use the non-pivot foot for executing jab-step fakes
or a drive step.
Now let's take a player who already has possession of the ball on the outside. He/she
makes a dribble move into the lane, picks up the dribble, takes one step, and then lands a
two-footed jump-stop. So far, so good. But after landing the jump-stop, he/she cannot
move either foot and has no pivot foot since the one step was already used up prior to the
jump-stop. He/she could jump upward, but must either shoot or pass the ball before either
foot touches the floor again.

The following is taken from the National Federation of State High Schools
web-site in regard to this rule.

"The traveling rule has not changed. What has changed is the common use of
the jump stop as an offensive move. Officials and coaches are having difficulty
determining the difference between a legal and illegal move. The key to making
this determination properly is first finding the pivot foot. Then, if the player
moves a foot or the feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while
holding the ball, a traveling violation has occurred. The limits follow:
1. A player who catches the ball with both feet on the floor may pivot, using
either foot. When one foot is lifted, the other is the pivot foot.
2. A player who catches the ball while moving or dribbling may stop
and establish a pivot foot as follows:
a. If both feet are off the floor and the player lands;
(1) Simultaneously on both feet, either foot may be the pivot.
(2) On one foot followed by the other, the first foot to touch is the
pivot.
(3) On one foot, the player may jump off that foot and simultaneously
land on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case.
b. If one foot is on the floor;
(1) It is the pivot when the other foot touches in a step.
(2) The player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land on
both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case.
3. After coming to a stop and establishing a pivot foot:
a. The pivot foot may be lifted, but not returned to the floor, before
the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;
b. If the player jumps, neither foot may be returned to the floor
before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;
c. The pivot foot may not be lifted, before the ball is released, to start
a dribble.

4. After coming to a stop when neither foot can be a pivot:

a. One or both feet may be lifted, but may not be returned to the
floor, before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal;
b. Neither foot may be lifted, before the ball is released, to start a
dribble."

See Jump-Stop Drill. See video clip of jump stop - pivoting drill.

I have tried to combine several of these moves into one drill. See Footwork Drill.

Changing Direction and Speed

To change direction, plant the opposite foot (the one opposite the way you
want to cut), and then push off the inside part of that foot in the direction you
want to go. For example, if you want to make a sudden cut to the left, plant
the right foot and push off from the medial (inside) part of your right foot,
changing your direction to the left. Learn to change speed from a fast run, to
a slow hesitation, and then accelerate to full speed again. See the "hesitation
dribble" on the Dribbling page.

Jumping
Lot of players and coaches think that jumping is some skill that you are born
with...either you have it or you don't. Well this is not entirely true. You can
improve jumping ability considerably, otherwise our Olympic high-jumpers
would never practice. Jump rope and run sprints to build your legs and agility.
Practice trying to touch the net, or backboard, or rim every day. Do it from
both a running start, and standing stationary under the basket.

Practice jumping every day for 5-10 minutes:

Two-footed jump. Get under the basket and jump straight up and see how high you can
get on the backboard or net. Bend at the knees and waist, weight forward a little on the
balls of the feet. Lower your hands alongside the outside of your knees. Then spring
upward with simultaneous force from not only the thigh muscles, but you also can get a
lot of lift from springing off with your feet and ankles... pushing off the tips of your toes
(you can't jump flat-footed!). At the same time your legs are working, your hands and
arms are swinging up as high as possible... the upward force of the arms swinging may
provide more lift, and you need to get them stretched as high as possible to get that
rebound (or dunk). Do this jumping drill a number of times, until your legs get tired, and
then try it again later.

One-footed jump. You can also do a jumping drill where you run in from the wing at a 45
degree angle and leap as high as you can and touch the backboard (or net). When you
jump, just like doing a right-handed lay-up, you plant your left foot and go up with the
right knee, pushing off the left toes. Be sure to go vertically, and not lose a lot of your
elevation by going forward.

Faking and Cutting

You should learn to that just about every offensive move (and some defensive
ones too), should be preceded, or "set up" by a good fake to get the defender
to lean the wrong way. This is true, whether you are making an offensive jabstep, or you are coming off a screen, or even just about to make a pass. A
little "mis-direction" move, like making a ball fake, shoulder or head fake, foot
fake, or just an eye fake can open a lane for you to drive, cut, shoot or pass.
Learn how to get open by making a front-cut, a V-cut, a back-cut, or a curl
(see Cutting and Faking).

The jab step

Outside, perimeter players should learn the jab step (or drive step) as a fake
to set up either the drive to the hoop, or to create spacing for the outside
shot. This move is explained in detail on the Outside, Perimeter Moves page.

Defensive Footwork
Defense is played mainly with the feet. You must move your feet quickly to
stay in front of the offensive player. You must use a correct defensive stance.
You must know how to slide (sideways, forward and backward). You must
know when to turn and sprint. You must know how to "close-out" on the
offensive man and play good "on-ball" defense.

Defensive Stance
Your weight should be on the balls of your feet (not your heels), and have
your feet about shoulder width apart. Keep your knees bent and your back
straight. Keep your head up, eyes forward, arms out with your palms up and
elbows bent a little. Watch your opponent's belly-button. Your opponent can
fake you with the eyes, a head bob, shoulder fake, a jab step, but the belly
button is only going the way he/she is. See also Basic Man Defense and
Defensive Tips.

Defensive Slides
When guarding your opponent, slide your feet sideways, using quick, short
steps, and don't get your feet crossed. Don't hop. The key is "step and slide"
(don't "slide and step"). Step with the foot on the side in the direction you
want to move, and slide the opposite foot over. For example, if moving
toward your right, step laterally with the right foot and then let the left foot
slide over. When moving leftward, step sideways with the left foot and let the

right foot slide over.

Don't "reach-in" and swipe at the ball, as this will cause you to lose your
balance, allowing the defender to get around you. In addition, you may get
the "reach-in" foul. If you get beaten in the open floor, don't just yell for
help... turn and sprint after your opponent. Once you get in front of him/her
again, get back into your defensive stance. See video clip.

Footfire and Slide drill

Have your players spread out, lined-up in two lines. Players are in a good defensive
stance position. On "go", all players start the "footfire" with rapid moving of their feet up
and down on the balls of their feet. After 10 seconds, call out "slide left" and the players
slide several paces to the left. Then call "go" and they resume the stationary footfire.
Have them move right, left, forward and backward using correct sliding and stance, and
no crossing of the feet. Also see Z-Drill.

Close-out on the ball receiver

Defenders must learn to "close-out" on the player with the ball. Once the
offensive player receives the pass, the defender should rush toward the ballhandler in a low stance. The last several steps should be quick, choppy steps
to stop your momentum (so the defender doesn't dribble around you). Your
baseline line foot should be back in order to force the ball-handler toward the
baseline. As you approach the ball-handler, snap your shoulders and head
back to help slow yourself down.

Basketball Drills - Defense 1-on-1 Drills

1-on-1 Drill
Use both ends of the court and make four lines, one under each basket with
the players facing the free throw line, and one at each free throw line with
players facing the basket.

The defensive players are under the basket; the offensive players are at the free throw
line. The first player in the defensive line passes the ball to the offensive player at the free
throw line, and closes-out aggressively. The offensive player tries to score, by shooting or
driving to the hoop. The defender should play aggressively and box-out after any shot.
Once the offense scores or the defense stops him/her, it's done, and they pass to next
defensive player in line on the baseline. The rotation is that the offensive players go to the
defense line and vice-versa.
The defensive players should work on proper stance and footwork (see Basic Defense),
and box-out on any shots. The defense should close-out initially with the strong foot

forward and that hand up toward offensive player. Over-guard the offensive player's
strong side. The other hand should be low, out to the side, palm up. Proper footwork
means sliding with the offensive player (don't cross your feet), and staying between the
player and the basket. Watch the belly-button, contest all shots with a hand up at the
shooter.
You can make a game of it and have your players or managers keep score. Losers run.

Full-Court "Cut and Pressure" Drill

This is a good full-court conditioning drill, while
working on defensive footwork. See the diagram.

Start with a line at one end of the floor. The first player in
line becomes the defender. The next person in line attempts
to dribble the entire length of the floor in a straight line,
without having to cross-over or change direction. The
defender, by using correct footwork, must try to "turn" the
defender as many times as he can... i.e. force him to
change direction or cross-over dribble.
Once they reach the opposite end, the pair moves over to
the opposite side of the floor and the original defender now
becomes the dribbler and vice-versa for the trip back up
the floor. Meanwhile, the next twosome can start up the
opposite side of the floor. Players must stay on their half of
the floor (to avoid collisions).

"Speed-Dribble at and Run With" Drill - defending in the

open court
This is a good drill for teams that like to press. Oftentimes, when someone is
speed-dribbling at the defender, the defender will simply reach-in and swipe
at the ball as it goes by... and then he/she stands there and watches (instead
of sprinting to the hoop).
First, it is very difficult to actually stop a good point guard speed dribbling at

you in the open court. This drill teaches our players to "run with" the ball,
rather than reaching-in and watching the offensive player go to the hoop.
Running with the ball gives us more defensive presence going to the hoop,
and gives us another rebounder on a missed shot.
Additionally, look at diagram
B (which is a common game
situation)... if we have a
defender (X5) back as in
diagram B, as O1 speeddribbles in, X5 often comes
over to defend O1, leaving
O5 for the pass. But if X1
runs with O1, even though
he/she might not be able to
actually stop O1, X1 can
switch and get to O5 and
break-up that pass, or
defend O4's shot.
Run the drill as in diagram
A... 1-on-1, offense goes to
defense, and defense goes
to the offense line.
Make sure your defender is
in a good defensive position,
and not standing flat-footed
and upright. Knees should
be bent, and weight on the
balls of the feet. He/she
should sprint all the way to
the hoop, even if beaten in
the open court.
Basketball Drills - 2-Man Shooting Drills

Shooting Drill #1, Catch

and Shoot.
Player #1 makes a good chest
pass to player #2. #1 follows the
pass and closes-out on #2, but
does not try to block the shot or
simply fly by the shooter. #2 takes
the shot (no dribbling)and follows
it for the rebound. Now player #2
passes back out to player #1 (who
is at position A) and closes-out on
#1, who is now the shooter. After
both players have shot from
position A, they move next to
position B, and on around the
circle and then back around again
(E->D->C->B->A). If you are
coaching younger players, have
them move in closer so that
correct shooting form is not
compromised.

Shooting Drill #2, Shot Fake and Shoot Jumper.

Follow the same procedure as in Drill #1, but this time have your shooter first
receive the pass in triple threat position, make a shot fake or jab step, move
around the defender using no more than one or two dribbles, and then shoot
the jump shot. The shooter can move in either direction, using a pump fake
and moving right, or a shot fake and crossover move to the left.

Shooting Drill #3, Fake and Drive for the Lay-up.

Again, the same procedure is used. This time the receiver makes a shot fake
and explodes through the defender (rub off his shoulder) for the drive to the
hoop and lay-up.

Shooting Drill #4, Anything Goes!

Same procedure as above, but now the shooter has all of the above options
and the defender plays all out defense.

Shooting Drill #5, Elbow

Shooting.
Player #1 is the re-bounder for
player #2. #2 starts at the left
elbow, fakes left and cuts to the
right elbow. #1 passes to #2 so
that the pass arrives at the right
elbow the same time #2 does. #2
plants the inside foot, squares up
and takes the shot. Make sure that
correct shooting form is being
used and that the shooter does
not "drift" sideways. #1 rebounds
the shot and passes back to #2 for
the shot now at the left elbow. #2
continues moving back and forth
from elbow to elbow for a total of
ten shots. Then the players switch
roles and #1 is the shooter for ten
shots. You can repeat this for as
many sets as you want, getting
20, 30, 40 or 50 shots for each
player.
The elbow shooting drill can be modified. You can have the shooter catch the
ball, make a shot fake, cross-over dribble to the middle of the paint (between
the free throw line and the circle hash marks) for the short jumper. This is
especially useful for your post players, helping them to acquire that "soft
touch" on the short, point blank jumper.

Shooting Drill #6, Partner Shooting.

This drill will help shooting, spotting up, and will emphasize that shooters
should follow their shots. Each player gets a partner, preferably with another
player who plays a similar position. That is, the a perimeter player should pair
up with another perimeter player, and post players should pair up together.
Each pair has a ball. Use all the baskets in the gym.

For perimeter players: One player starts on the right wing (player #1) and the other starts
opposite on the left wing (player #2). Player #1 on the right wing shoots, follows the shot,
rebounds and passes out to #2 on the left wing. Player #1 then spots up at another place
on the perimeter. Player #2 takes the shot, follows it, rebounds, and passes to #1, who is

now spotted up in a different location. This rotation continues, with the players moving
around to all the locations that they will normally shoot from in a game... corners, top of
the key, etc. For a variation, do the same drill but instead of spot stationary shooting, have
the shooter fake the shot, dribble adjust, and then take the jumper.
For post players: Use the same drill as above except the post players should be taking
their shots inside, in the paint, around the hoop, and can actually work on their post-up
moves. After rebounding, the player can dribble the ball out and pass down into the post
to his partner.
With all of these drills, make sure your shooters are squared up, using good
technique, elbow in, follow through, no drifting sideways. Shooters should
receive the ball in "triple threat" position. Make sure the passes are sharp and
accurate. Players should sprint after the ball and to their shooting spots
(game speed)... no loafing! Make the drills competitive and have each pair
keep score. Losers do push-ups.

Basketball Fundamentals - The Lost Art of Passing

Remember the line, "Where have you gone Joe DiMaggio?" For this topic, it's "Where
have you gone Magic Johnson?" Magic was a great, unselfish TEAM player who may
have been the greatest passer of all time (although John Stockton is pretty good too).
Television focuses on watching the pros doing their one-on-one moves and slam dunks.
Kids see this too. Team skills and delivering the perfectly timed and accurate pass aren't
as flashy. Besides, who wants to do passing drills... everyone finds them boring, both
players and coaches. I am at fault too... this passing article is the last one I have written in
the "Player Development" section of this web-site.
On the other hand, excellent passing is the essence of outstanding team play, and it is
really fun to watch a perfectly timed and delivered pass for an easy lay-up (or dunk).
Poor passing and turnovers will kill your offense quicker than anything. A bad pass
results in a turnover, no shot taken and an opportunity to score is lost. Players must
become better passers and we coaches must continue to find ways to teach them to
become better passers.
Passing seems very easy when you have two players facing each other practicing chest
passes or bounce passes. But put a defender on each one of them, and it becomes really
difficult. So, I think that once you get beyond the early formative stages in a player's
development, you must do passing drills with defenders involved to simulate game
situations. Also, I think passing drills that involve players passing and catching on the

move are better than stationary drills, since seldom in a game do you pass to someone
standing still.
Passing fundamentals
A good pass is one that is caught by the receiver. Successful passing involves
two parts, making the pass and receiving the pass. The receiver should have
"soft" (relaxed) hands, catch the ball with both hands and look the ball into
his/her hands. The receiver should, in most cases, be moving toward the
pass... "meet the pass". Most of the time, the receiver should not be
stationary. The receiver must learn to get open by making V-cuts and backcuts, and setting screens for other teammates and then sealing the defender
and "rolling" off those screens (see Cutting and Faking, Setting Screens). A
receiver should always know where the ball is.

A big part of passing is making correct decisions with the ball. If a defender is in the
passing lane, you don't force the pass. You should not pass into the defense, or "into a
crowd" where your receiver is surrounded by defenders... sounds obvious but I see it all
the time. Pass away from the defense. We use the phrase "see the defense". Do not pass
into a situation where your receiver is not in a good position to receive the ball. An
example of this would be passing up the floor against a press where your receiver has
his/her back turned away from the hoop and there is a defender coming up on the blind
side.
This next point is very important. A good passer knows how to open the passing lanes by
making a fake in one direction, and then passing the opposite direction. Making a ball
fake, head bob, pass fake, or just looking the opposite direction ("looking the defender
off") will often open the desired passing lane. Do not look right at your receiver or
"telegraph" your passes. Use your peripheral vision and keep your eyes forward and
know where your teammates are at all times. Bad passes can result from dribbling with
your head down, and then at the end of the dribble, making a quick pass... often to a
defender who slips into the passing lane.
A good passer knows how to deliver the ball with "touch"... that is, with just the right
velocity and angle to make it an easy catch for the receiver. A pass can be in the perfect
location, but if it is too hard, it is uncatchable by your teammate and you lose the ball. If
your pass is too soft and easy, the defense can intercept it.
You must learn to "anticipate"... that is, pass the ball to where your teammate will soon
be, not where he/she is right now. You must lead the receiver, and not pass behind
him/her. Good passing involves timing and communication between the passer and
receiver. That's why it really is not an easy skill to master because it involves two players
working together.

Both the passer and the receivers must learn to read the defense. Learn to "drive and dish"
where you make a penetrating dribble move, but then at the last moment when you have
drawn the defense to you, you either make the bounce pass to a post player under the
hoop, or you kick it out to the wing or corner for a three-pointer.
Just like shooting, you must be under control when you make a pass. You should be
balanced with both feet on the floor. When speed-dribbling down the floor on a fastbreak, keep your eyes forward and stay under control so you can deliver the pass to the
open teammate at the precise, correct moment. I see the following subtle passing error
made occasionally on the fast break. The player speed-dribbling the ball up the floor,
when making the final pass on the break, will sometimes at the end of the dribble bring
the ball back on the hip to get more velocity on the pass. A hustling defender comes up
from behind and pokes the ball loose from the passer it usually goes out-of-bounds, but
you have lost a chance to score a lay-up. When making this pass, keep the ball in front of
you.
Don't get into the habit of jumping when you pass. If you jump when you pass, you have
no other option but to pass, and if the defense closes the passing lane while you are
airborne, you're in trouble.
Let's take a few specific instances:
Point Guard to Wing pass
The wing player should first make a V-cut and the passer should time the
pass for when the receiver breaks back out of the V-cut. If the defender is
back off the wing player, pass the ball right into his/her numbers, or on your
teammate's side toward the hoop, so that he/she is immediately is position to
release the shot. If the pass is made to the outside, the receiver must first
pivot and square up before he/she can shoot. Now, if the defender is up
closer, make the pass to the outside of your teammate. If the defender is in
the passing lane, your teammate should make a back-cut to get open... if not,
he/she has no shot and you should look to pass elsewhere, or make a move
yourself. Another point... the pass to the backcut can be a pass straight to
your cutting teammate, or often a nice bounce pass leading the receiver will
do the job here.
Perimeter Passing
Contrary to what is often taught, the chest pass is not real good here. To
make a chest pass, you must have a clear passing lane directly in front of
you. If the defender is in front of you, a pass that comes from your chest area
is easily deflected. Use either the lateral pass or the two-handed overhead
pass.

In making the lateral pass, you fake opposite and then cross your opposite foot (the foot
which is away from the direction of the pass) in front of you and step in the direction of
the pass. You deliver the pass with some "zip" on it so it cannot be intercepted. For
example, if you want to pass to the right, you make a fake to the left and then cross your
left foot over in front of you while pivoting on your right foot and make the pass to the
right. This is almost like a chest pass except the pass is not released from the center chest
area, but more from your side.
The two-handed overhead pass
This pass is often used as an outlet pass off a rebound, or for a "skip" pass (a
cross-court pass over a zone defense). It can also be used to quickly move
the ball around the perimeter. Your target is your teammate's head... a little
higher than the chest. In making this pass, do not bring the ball back behind
your head keep it straight up (or slightly in front) and over your head.
Passing into the Post
Timing is very important here. The pass should be made as the post player is
coming into his/her post position. A bounce pass is usually most effective and
easiest to catch. Once the ball is on the wing, the pass to the low post should
be made quickly before the defense is set. The passer should be able to clear
the passing lane by making a good fake, and should also learn how to make
the "step-around" bounce-pass (fake an overhead pass, and with the nonpivot foot make a long stride around the defender to improve the passing
angle. One error I see in making the step-around pass is when the player is
making the actual step-around, he/she will bring the ball around the back or
hip, as if to protect it. This slows the timing of the pass and gives the defense
just enough time to react and possibly intercept the pass.

When the low post is fronted, a lob pass over the top can be attempted, but only if your
post player has a clear advantage... this pass is often unsuccessful.
Passing Drills
See the menu of standard passing drills on this web-site. In addition, I would
incorporate passing drills where defense is played against the pass. Passing is
easy and boring with no defenders involved. It becomes a very difficult skill
once defenders are in place. Drills that involve players passing and catching
on the move are better than stationary drills, since seldom in a game do you
pass to someone standing still.

You can design your own simple drills. One would be to practice the pass from point to
wing and back, using one or two defenders. Teach the V-cut and back-cut. Teach the point
guard how to make a nice leading bounce pass to the back-cutter.

Another drill practices the wing to low post pass using two defenders. Teach the passer
how to fake and open the passing lane and how to make the "step-around" bounce pass
(see above). He/she must also recognize the correct target. If the defender is playing on
the baseline side, make the pass to your teammate's hip on the lane side. If the defender is
playing on the lane side, put the pass on your teammate's baseline hip. You can also front
the low post and practice the lob pass "over the top".
Another drill is to put your offense in a half-court set against a man-to-man defense, and
have them pass against this defense... no dribbling allowed, unless it is a one or two
bounce dribble to attack the hoop, or a drive and dish. After five possessions, switch
offense and defense. Make sure your receivers are making good V-cuts or back-cuts and
they come to the ball when receiving. Here also is an opportunity to stress the importance
of setting good screens. All passes are caught with two hands with the receiver in triple
threat position.
Also practice passing against various zones, again with no dribbling... get them to move
the ball quickly in order to over-shift the zone. Use the two-handed overhead pass and
skip passes. Get them to recognize the gaps in the zone. Use the bounce pass into the
post, and make good inside passes. Not only do these drills help your passing, but also
help your team to learn how to break zone defenses down... and it's a lot more fun than
just doing simple partner passing drills.
Another drill in transition would be to simply run your press-breaker against a press
defense, and allow no dribbling.
Basketball Ball-Handling Fundamentals and Drills

earning to become a good ball-handler, and developing a feel for the ball for vitally
important in becoming an excellent all-around player.

Hold The Ball Correctly

he most difficult skills, including shooting, passing, catching, dribbling,
and rebounding, involve holding the ball. Work on these skills every day.
Here is how to practice holding the ball:

Hold the ball with your fingertips. The palms of your hands should
not touch the ball.

Make sure your fingers are far apart.

Hold the ball as much as possible at home while watching TV or

listening to the radio or music. It is said that the great Pete
Maravich slept with his basketball and held it during his sleep!

While watching TV, you can hold the ball (with both hands) and
spin it around in your hands.

These are the drills:

Do each one about 30 to 60 seconds and then move to the next one. With all
of these drills, try to keep your eyes forward, without looking at the ball.

Finger Grabs:
Hold the ball with the fingertips, squeezing it while rotating it back and forth
from hand to hand. The ball should not touch the palms of the hands.

Slaps:
Pound or slap the ball hard from hand to hand. See video clip.

Tipping:
Tip the ball back and forth from one hand to the next, starting with your
hands straight up over your head. Then gradually move the ball down, while
continuing to tip it back and forth. Go down to your chest, then your waist,
knees, and ankles, and then back up again. Keep your elbows straight.
See video clip.

Circles:
Put your feet together and make circles around both legs. Then circle around
the back. And then circle around the head. Then combine them and move the
ball in circles around your head, then down your body, down around your
knees, and then around your ankles ("candy cane"). Then come back up
again. Be sure to use your fingertips, not the palms.
See "Around Legs" video clip.
See "Around Waist" video clip.
See "Candy Cane" video clip.

Around Each Leg and Figure Eights:

Put one leg forward and move the ball in a circular motion around the leg.
Then do the other leg. Finally, spread your legs out wide with the ball in front
of you. Move the ball around through your legs in a figure-of-eight motion.
Keep your eyes forward and don't let the ball hit the floor. After 30 seconds,
reverse the direction.
See "Around Each Leg" video clip.
See "Figure 8" video clip.

Drops:
Put the ball between your feet and grab it with both hands. Start with the left
hand behind your left leg and your right hand in front of your right leg. Drop
the ball and let it bounce once. Quickly, move your left hand in front of your
left leg and your right hand behind your right leg, and catch the ball as it
bounces up. Drop it again and switch your hands back to the original position
(left behind, right in front) and catch it. Repeat this motion continuously. For a
more difficult variation, try catching the ball before it actually hits the floor!
See "Drops" video clip.

Toss Up and Catch Behind:

Here's a fun drill the players like. Toss the ball up over your head. Reverse
pivot and catch the ball behind your back.
See "Toss Up and Catch Behind" video clip.

Crab Walk:
Walk, bent over up the floor and put the ball between the legs, back and forth
as you go. The ball is brought over the front of the thigh, then through the
legs and then behind the opposite thigh and around and over the thigh.
Basketball Dribbling

Dribbling is one of the most fundamental skills that must be learned. Not only is it
important to learn how to dribble well, but it is important to know when, and when
not, to dribble. One player who over-dribbles can kill a team's offensive motion and
momentum. To become a good dribbler and ball handler, you must practice dribbling
as often as you can, using both hands.
You may dribble:
1. To advance the ball up the court.
2. To drive to the hoop.
3. To get open for a shot.
4. To open up a passing lane, to have a better chance of completing a pass.
5. To get out of a trap.
6. To kill the clock at the end of a game.

How to Dribble
Use your fingertips, not the palms of your hands..
Basketball is played on the tips of your fingers
and the balls of your feet. Use your forearm and
wrist to bounce the ball. Don't look at the ball...
keep your head up and eyes forward. You must
learn to use either hand. So when doing drills,
always work both hands.

"Control Dribble" (when the defender

is up close on you)
When a defender is guarding you closely, you
should use the "control dribble". Keep in a
somewhat crouched, bent over position. Keep
your body between the ball and the defender.
Keep the ball low to the floor, behind and close to
your body. Keep your other arm straight out in
front of you, as a guard against the defender. You
can't push off, or grab the defender, but you can
keep a "stiff-arm" to keep the defender from
reaching around you. Do not stop your dribble
until you can either pass or shoot. Once you stop
your dribble, you are "dead in the water" (a boat
with no engine)... and the sharks (the double
team) will close in on you soon. See video clip.

"Speed Dribble" (in the open court)

To move the ball quickly down the floor use the
"speed dribble". Push the ball forward, ahead of
you several feet. Bounce the ball at least waist
high. As always, keep your head up, and visualize
the whole court, so you can find the open
teammate. Move as fast as you can, but never
faster than you can control the ball. You must
always be in control. As Coach Wooden has said,
"You must be quick, but never hurry." Often a
jump stop at the end of the speed dribble will
allow you to maintain control and avoid a
traveling call (see Learning the Jump Stop). See
video clip.

Crossover Dribble
Simply, the crossover dribble has you switch dribbling from one hand to the
other, by bouncing the ball in front of you across to the other side. Then the
other hand picks up the ball and you are now dribbling with the opposite
hand. You can use this dribble to quickly change your direction on the court.
For example, you could be on the point, dribbling with your right hand to the
right wing, then suddenly crossover the dribble to the left and drive up the
lane. See video clip. Here's another cross-over dribble video clip.

In and Out Dribble

The "in and out" dribble is a good fake move to help you get around a
defender and take it to the hoop. With this move, you make one bounce in
front of you as if you were going to crossover, but instead of picking the ball
up with your other hand, you just roll your dribbling hand over the top of the
ball, and bring it sharply back and go hard around the defender. For example,
if you are dribbling right-handed, make one dribble to the left in front of you
and "dip" and put your weight on your left foot. To the defender, this looks
like you will crossover and go left. Instead, roll your right hand over the top of
the ball and bring it back quickly to the right, push off the left foot, and go
hard around the right side of your opponent. See video clip.

Hesitation Dribble ("Rocker Move")

This is another fake move to help you get around the defender in the open
court. You speed dribble up to the defender, then suddenly come to a stop by
putting your inside foot forward and "rocking" backward onto your outside
foot. Then as the defender closes, you blow around his side, resuming the
speed dribble, straight to the hoop. For example, you are speed dribbling with
your right hand. As you approach the defender, you stop suddenly by putting

your left foot forward, and then rocking back on the right foot. This hesitation
throws the defender's timing off. Then push hard off the right foot, and speed
dribble around his right side. You can also use this move and combine it with
a crossover dribble and go hard left. See video clip.

Behind the Back Dribble, Through the Legs Dribble

You used to be considered a "hot dog" if you dribbled behind your back, or
through your legs. But not any more! These moves are very useful when used
correctly, in the right situations. A good use for these dribbles is in the open
court, such as a guard bringing the ball down the floor against pressure from
a defender. As you are dribbling right with your right hand, the defender gets
position and over-plays you to the right. Quickly, you do a behind the back, or
between the legs dribble to crossover to the other hand, and change your
direction to the left, leaving your defender in the dust! Why not just do an
easier crossover dribble? -- because the defender is right in front of you and
could steal the crossover. By going behind the back, or through the legs, you
can better protect the ball by keeping your body between the ball and the
defender.

To do the behind the back dribble, dribble the ball once behind you and pick up the
dribble with the opposite hand. For example, you are dribbling with the right hand. Get
your body ahead of the ball on your right side, then crossover bounce it once behind you
over to the left hand. See video clip.
The between the legs move is similar, except with one bounce through the legs to the
other hand. See video clip.

Spin Move
The spin move is an excellent move to get around a defender in the open
court. But be careful of a defender stealing the ball from behind, on your
"blind side" as you make the spin. When making the spin, reverse pivot (spin)
on your front foot, and pull the ball hard and quickly around your body. Don't
let your hand get under the ball (a "carrying" violation). Then continue the
dribble with the opposite hand. See video clip.

Back-up Dribble and Crossover

The back-up dribble is useful in retreating from a defender or a trap. Dribble
backwards and then do a quick crossover dribble (or a through the legs
dribble or around the back dribble) to get free. See video clip.

Have your players practice each of these dribbles at each practice for 5-10 minutes. Have
them line-up along the sideline, and dribble from sideline to sideline right-handed, and
then back left-handed. Do each of the moves down and back twice before moving onto
the next move. See Sideline Dribbling Drills, Dribbling Moves Drill.

Players can also work on these drills at home individually. Set up cones or
folding chairs (see Tight Chairs Dribbling Drills), pretending the cone (or
chair) is the defender. Make your move quickly right in front of the defender.
Once you get past the cone (or chair) turn around and attack it from the
opposite direction with your other hand.
Basketball Shooting - Learning How to Shoot

ears ago we used to think that some kids were just "born-shooters"... either you had the
knack or you didn't. Nowadays, I believe everyone can become a good shooter with
correct instruction on the fundamentals of shooting, combined with drills and practice.
This article discusses the fundamentals of good shooting form. The principles discussed
below should be used as guidelines, not absolutes, and may be helpful in correcting or
teaching a player who is struggling with his/her shooting, or is just learning to shoot.
Coaches should resist the urge to change a player's shot if it works for that player. We can
all think of great shooters who didn't have perfect form. So, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it!"
Stance
Have your feet about shoulder width apart. Your knees should be bent a little
as your thigh muscles will provide power for your shot. If you shoot righthanded, your right foot should be slightly forward, and your weight should be
on the balls of your feet (not the heels). Your shoulders and body should be
square to the hoop, although some great shooters are more comfortable with
the side that the ball is on turned a little toward the hoop (find out which is
most comfortable for you). Probably the important thing here is that when
you jump to shoot, jump straight up (or slightly forward), but not sideways or
backwards. Stay balanced.

Holding the ball

Use both hands to hold the ball, but
only your shooting hand will actually
propel the ball forward. Don't shoot
two-handed. Your shooting hand is the
"platform" and should be underneath
the ball with your wrist cocked back.
Your elbow should be bent at about
90%, like a backwards "L", and
underneath the ball (not out to the
side). Your other hand (the "guide
hand") helps support or balance the
ball, but does not enter into the actual
shooting of the ball. Your non-shooting
hand should actually come off the ball
just before you release the ball, so that
you are shooting with one hand, just
your shooting hand. Use your
fingertips, not palms, to hold and
release the ball.

Here is a method to learn what the correct

"platform" is. Extend your shooting arm
straight forward with your palm facing up
and let the ball sit comfortably your hand
(fingers comfortably apart). Now in one
motion, bend the elbow while rotating the
forearm, wrist and hand outward and
upward, and under the ball so that the ball is
now resting on your hand above your right
shoulder with the wrist cocked back. The
shoulder is the "hinge", the elbow points
toward the hoop and an "L" is formed by the
forearm and the arm (looking from the
shooting arm side). Your elbow should be in
and pointing at the basket.
The position of the shooting hand's thumb is
important. The shooting thumb should be
pointing upward at about a 45 degree angle
left (right-handed shooter). This will cause
the elbow to naturally fall under the ball. I

have seen some young players with the

thumb too far under the ball and pointing
straight leftward, which causes the elbow to
fly outward (see the two photos). So if your
shooter's release looks a little goofy, has
side-spin, or the elbow is flying, look at the
position of the thumb... a very simple
concept that's easy to fix.

Set Point
The set point is where you position the
ball just prior to releasing the shot. If you
are right-handed and shoot with your
shoulders and feet square to the hoop,
have the ball to the right of your face, a
little toward the right shoulder. Don't line
the ball up in the center of your face, as
this may result in your shooting elbow
flying away from your body, and could
actually cause your wrist to turn
sideways (supinate) when you release
the ball, imparting a side-spin.

On the other hand, if you are more comfortable

shooting with your body turned in toward the
shooting side, then the set point can be more in
front of your face. You will have to find which
method works best for you.
Also, it is best that the ball is as high as your
forehead, or even higher (if you are strong
enough or close to the basket), in order to keep
your shot from being blocked. But do not cock
the ball back over the top of (or behind) your
head. This results in a "slinging" motion and a
flatter shot.
Finally, younger players who have less
strength will have a lower set point,
perhaps even below the shoulder, in
order to get more power. As the
youngster matures, the set point should
move higher.
Upward Force
Most of the power in your shot should come from the upward force of your
jump (in the jump shot), or the upward force from your thighs moving upward
(in the free throw). You should not try to power up longer shots with your arm,
wrist or hand muscles. Let the big muscles in the legs do the work. Release
your shot on the upward force of the jump, not on the way down.

Aiming the ball

Pick out a spot to aim at... either the back of the
rim, or just over the front of the rim, or the
backboard (if you are shooting a bank shot).
Concentrate on this spot, and don't look at the
ball, or the flight of the ball.
Releasing (shooting) the ball
Use the shoulder as a "hinge". Your shooting arm
extends forward toward the hoop (keep the elbow
in), the elbow extends (straightens), and then you
release the ball with a snap of the wrist, with the
ball rolling off your fingertips. This will imparts
backspin ("rotation") that all good shooters have.
Backspin makes the ball land softly on the rim,
and often creates a favorable "shooter's" bounce,
resulting in a score even though the shot was not
perfect. Shoot the ball high with an arc. Don't
shoot a flat, line drive, type of shot. An arched
shot has a better chance of going in, since the
hoop is actually bigger and wider for a ball coming
in from above, than from a line drive. Don't "push"
the ball with the heel of your palm; let it come off
your finger-tips. Make sure that you extend
(straighten) your elbow... don't "short-arm" the
shot.
The release should be repeatable. Don't sling the
ball up for more power on long shots... use the
power from the up-force of your jump, or lower
your set point for more power. Don't pull the ball
back behind your head before releasing it, as this
results in a flat, line-drive type shot. On shorter
shots, release the ball more at the top of the jump
with a higher set point (arms extended up over
your head).
Follow Through
This is important in getting the proper rotation (back spin) on the ball. Your
fingers should be pointing toward the hoop, and your wrist bent forward, in a
"goose neck" fashion. Another analogy is if you were "reaching into the
cookie jar" high on the shelf. Hold this release after your shot until the ball
hits the rim. You will notice that with a proper follow-through, the palm of

your hand will be facing downward toward the floor. If it is turned sideways
with the back of the hand facing outward (as if you were going to shake
hands with someone), then you are incorrectly twisting your wrist during the
release. Keep your eye on the target... don't watch the flight of the ball.
Form Shooting
"Form shooting" is an excellent drill for developing correct shooting form.
Start with shots directly in front of the basket, just a few feet away, to
develop correct technique. Shooting further away does not allow the shooter
to focus on this repeatable form. Do this drill for just 5 minutes every day.
Even experienced good shooters who are going through a "shooting slump"
find this drill helpful in restoring their shooting mechanics and confidence.

Basketball Jump Shot

The jump shot is the most common shot used today. It revolutionized the game back in
the late 50's and 60's. Most games used to be very low scoring until the arrival of the
jump shot. With the jump shot you don't have to be stationary and open (like with a set
shot). You can score on the move, and in traffic, by jumping and extending your shot over
the defender.
Be sure that you don't start shooting a jump shot until you are physically strong enough.
If you start too young, you will sacrifice good technique.

Gripping the Ball, Footwork

Receive the ball in the "triple threat" position, where you are ready to either
shoot, pass, or drive. Young kids have difficulty shooting the jump shot
because they are not strong enough yet. They will often use a two handed
method. But you must develop the correct technique to be effective. First
start with shots only one foot from the basket (see form-shooting). Gradually
extend your range outward. If you get too far out, your technique will fall
apart and you will develop bad habits. If your shot is suffering, try to fix it by
going back to the basic one foot shot near the basic, using proper release,
backspin ("rotation") etc.

Gripping the ball and the shooting motion are the same as in the set shot. The shooting
hand acts as a "platform" and is under the ball. The other hand is used to balance the ball
and should be on the side of the ball. Receive the ball with your knees bent and feet
shoulder width apart. Use your legs to provide the power for your shot. Be sure that you
are squared up to the basket, with your shoulders squared up to the hoop. Alternatively,
some good shooters prefer to turn the shooting side in toward the hoop with that foot
forward. Whichever method you find most comfortable, make sure that you are in

balance before releasing the shot. Spring off the floor with both feet and do not drift
sideways or backwards. Go straight up, or slightly forward for longer shots, and shoot the
ball just before you reach the height of your jump, especially on outside shots, where you
need the extra power of the upward force from the jump. On short shots in the paint,
shoot from the top of your jump. This will allow you to shoot over a defensive player.
When going up for the shot, the shooting arm forms an "L" with the elbow pointing
toward the hoop, and the forearm vertical, with the ball up over your head.

Release
Focus on your shooting spot, either the back of the rim, just
over the front, or a section of the backboard. Concentrate
on this area and don't watch the flight of the ball. When
shooting, the shoulder acts as a "hinge" as you extend your
arm upward. Fully extend (straighten) the elbow while
keeping the elbow in. Failing to extend the elbow results in
"short-arming" the shot. Release the ball with a snap or the
wrist, letting it roll off your fingertips. Then extend your
fingers and wrist in a "gooseneck" fashion, or like you were
"reaching into the cookie jar" high in the cupboard (see
diagram).

Basketball Shooting - Shooting

with a Quick Release - by Dr.
Hal Wissel
Using the Jump Stop
Most shots in a game are open shots. When open, the
jump stop enables you to catch and shoot in one
motion, thereby fostering a quicker release than the
step and shoot, which is a two motion shot. It is also
easier to adjust to bad passes. When using the jump
stop, make certain your body is facing the basket
with your hands and feet ready. Your hands are above
your shoulders and your knees slightly flexed before
you receive the pass. Jump behind the ball and catch
the ball with your body and shooting hand facing the
front of the rim. Your knees should lower just before
the catch and extend upward on the catch in a quick
rhythmical down-and-up motion. On bad passes,
jump behind the ball, rather than reaching for the
ball. Rhythm and range come from the down and up
motion of your legs, rather than lowering the ball or
stepping into the shot.

Down and Up Motion

Keeping the ball high fosters a quick release and also
provides less chance for error. Stepping into your shot may

help your range, but your shot becomes a two-count shot.

Using the down-and-up method allows you to shoot in one
motion or one count. When shooting off the catch the down
comes just before the catch and the shot goes up as your
legs go up providing for a quicker release.

Using the One-Two Stop

Use the one-two stop when closely guarded
and the pass is made away from the
defender to your outside hand. Land on your
inside foot and pivot into your defender and
then use a jab step keeping the ball high in a
triple threat position.

Basketball Hook Shot

The "Classic Hook Shot"
The hook shot came into being over half a century ago with
George Mikan and the Minneapolis Lakers. This shot is used
mainly by post players close to the basket, near the blocks
or in the paint. The post player receives the ball inside with
his/her back to the basket. The original "classic" hook shot
is started by pivoting sideways on the non-shooting foot
(the left foot with a right-handed shot) with the foot
remaining on the floor. The body is turned sideways to the
hoop with the off-shoulder pointing toward the hoop. Keep
your body between the ball and the defender. The ball rests
on the shooting hand, while the non-shooting hand is on
top of the ball initially (before the actual shot). The
shooting arm's elbow is "locked" into position next to the
body and the shooting arm is extended away from the hoop
and the defender on about a 45-degree angle. This is a onehanded shot. The shooter must turn his neck and head to
look at the target. The shooting motion is begun by a lifting
of the shooting arm up and over, or "from ear to ear". Like
any good shot, the ball is released from the fingertips with
a snap of the wrist. The off-arm can be held up to ward off
the defender, but you cannot push or "hook" the defender
with that arm. After releasing the shot, the shooter should
immediately become a rebounder, pursue any missed shot

and power it back up to the hoop.

The "Sky Hook"

Like most things, the hook shot has evolved over the years.
Kareem Abdul Jabbar of the Los Angeles Lakers turned it
into the unstoppable "sky hook" in the '80's. The 7-footer
would catch the ball, and pivot on the non-shooting foot,
but instead of keeping the foot on the floor, would jump off
the floor while extending the shooting arm high. About the
only way defenses could stop this would be to deny Kareem
the ball, double-team so that he couldn't get into the
motion of the shot, foul him, or just hope that he would
miss one occasionally.

Footwork is very important in correctly and consistently executing

the sky-hook. When making the move to the middle, the inside foot
(left foot for right handed shooters) must be planted parallel to the
baseline. If the foot is over-rotated and is planted more than parallel
(i.e. pointed towards the baseline), this will cause the shoulders to
over-rotate, exposing the shot for a block. If the foot is under-rotated
and planted pointing towards 1/2 court, this will not allow for proper
balance.
The same principles apply for a sky hook to the baseline side. If the
post player is on the side of the lane and turns to the baseline to
execute the sky hook, the foot must now be perpendicular to the
baseline. The same rules apply as above .. if your foot is pointing
more towards the lane, you are exposing the shot. If it is pointing
toward the corner, you lose balance.

The "Jump Hook"

The modern-day jump hook merges the techniques of the
old classic hook shot with the jump shot. The ball is
received usually with the back to the basket. The shooter
pivots and the body is turned sideways (perpendicular) to
the basket with the shoulders in a line toward the hoop. The
shooter jumps up off both feet much like a jump shot.
Instead of extending the shooting arm outward and away
from the hoop (as in the classic hook shot), the shooting
arm extends vertically and high with the ball above the
shoulder. The head is turned so that the shooter can see
the target. The ball is released from the fingertips with a

snap of the wrist, much like a jump shot.

Learn to shoot the jump hook with either hand.

The jump hook is an important weapon that any great post player
ought to include in his arsenal. A good low post player can keep the
defender guessing by mixing up the jump hook with the baseline
drop-step move, the up-and-under move and the turn and shoot
move.

Basketball Free-Throw
Shooting
First, understand how important free-throw shooting is. At least 3 or
4 games per year in a 20 game schedule will be determined by freethrow shooting. All close games, the ones that really count.. the close
tournament games and conference championship games can be won
or lost on the free throw line.

Team Goals in free throw shooting.

Middle school teams should strive for 60% from the line,
and high school teams should look to 70% as a goal. You
won't shoot as well in a game as in practice, so strive for
75% (high school) in practice. Understand that this is a
team skill... become a good free throw shooting team.
Encourage and work with your teammates on free throws.
Take a positive, aggressive attitude in shooting free
throws... take the attitude that the opponent made a big
mistake in fouling you, and you're gonna' make 'em pay for
it! Think positive!

How to become good free throw shooters...

fundamentals, attitude and practice.
In shooting free throws, develop a ritual where you do it the
same exact way every time. Position yourself on the line
the same way every time. Bounce the ball the same
number of times every time, and take a deep breath before
shooting every time. This creates muscle and mind
memory, and allows you to be successful more often.
Success creates confidence, and confidence creates better,
more relaxed shooting.

Fundamentals
See Learning How to Shoot.
1. Line up with your right toes just to the left of center so
that your right arm and ball are lined up with the basket.
Place the left foot back just a little. Shoulders should be
square to the basket, or if you are more comfortable, you
can turn the shooting side a little toward the basket.

2. Put your weight forward on your toes, but keep your back
straight... don't lean forward. Keeping your back straight will keep
you from stepping over the line. Bend a little at the knees. Your legs
will provide the power with an "up motion". Alternatively, some
players find it more natural if they first stand up with knees straight,
but then initiate the shooting motion by dipping down and bending
the knees, and then straightening them as they go up for the shot... a
"down then up" motion.
3. Focus on the basket... don't look at the ball or the flight of the ball.
4. Shoot with your right hand (right-handed players), and just use the
left hand to help balance the ball. Release the ball from your
fingertips to get good backspin (rotation) on the ball.
5. Take the deep breath, and shoot. Use your legs for power and
come up on your toes as you release the ball. If your back is straight,
you won't cross the line or lunge forward. If you need more power,
it's OK to jump a little on your release.
6. Follow-through. Keep looking at the basket and hold your
shooting hand in the "gooseneck", follow-through position until the
ball goes through the net.

Attitude
Make 'em pay attitude. Think and say to yourself "net" or
"swish" before each shot... to focus on the ball going
through the net. Be confident... this comes from success,
and hours of practice! Don't let a missed free throw ruin
your confidence. If you miss one, just quickly analyze the
miss and correct it. For example, if your shot was long, next
one use less leg power, or use more arc. Too short, use
more leg power. Off line, reposition yourself on the line,
follow-through with index finger pointing at the target. You

won't make them all, so expect to miss a few, and don't let
it bother you when it happens. The most important free
throw is the next one, not the last one!

Practice
Shoot free throws every practice, with the team, or on your
own. There is nothing wrong with coming to practice 10
minutes early, or staying 10 minutes late, to shoot extra
free throws. Each two hour team practice should allow 10
minutes for free throws.

Shoot free throws in the off-season, in the summer. College players

may shoot 2000-5000 free throws each summer! High school players
should be able to shoot 1000 free throws each summer. Shoot 25
shots every day for 5 days of each week. In eight weeks, you will
have shot 1000 free throws... but be sure your technique is correct,
using the fundamentals above, and that the line is 15 feet from the
backboard. For your own fun, keep track each day of how many you
made, and keep your totals. Keep track of each week's stats, and see
if you are getting better by the end of the 1000 shots. If you are not
improving, there could be a flaw in your fundamentals, and you need
to ask for help.
Here's another game you can play, keeping track of your score each
day. Shoot 25 free throws. Score a "swish" as two points, an
"unswished" made shot as one point, and a miss as zero. A perfect
score would be 50. See what your best score is by the end of the
summer.

Learning distance control.

Here is a drill. The basket is 18 inches in diameter. Move 9
inches in front of the line and while maintaining the same
distance and technique on your shot that you would use
from the line to swish the shot, now continue that same
muscle memory and hit the back of the rim each time
(missing the shot). Then move 9 inches behind the line and
hit the front of the rim each time (missing the shot). Finally,
move back to the line and now swish every shot, using that
same distance control.
One more drill... stand at the line, look at the basket, and
then close your eyes and shoot with eyes closed. You'll be
surprised how many you can make once you have

developed good technique!

Basketball Lay-ups
he lay-up is the easiest shot and the first shot you should learn. It's
not as easy as it looks at first, as a lot of kids have difficulty getting
the correct footwork, and shooting off the correct foot. Then you
must also learn to use either hand, and eventually do the reverse layup.

Aim
Always use the backboard ("use the
glass") when shooting lay-ups from either
side. Aim for the top corner of the box on
the backboard. Focus in on this area;
don't watch the ball. Keep your head up.

The Push Release

Younger players who are not yet strong
enough for the underhand release should
use the push release. Release the ball
with the back of your hands facing you.
Extend your shooting arm, as you push
the ball to the hoop off your fingertips.
You should go up with two hands, then
release the ball with your outside hand. A
very young player may need to shoot the
ball with two hands.

Underhand Release
As you get stronger, you should develop
the underhand shot. This release results
in a softer shot, and more control when
you are moving at high speed. Release
the ball with your palm up and arm
extended. Let the ball roll off your palm
and then your fingertips, and lay the ball
softly off the backboard. Use two hands
going up, but then release the ball with
your outside hand at the top of your
jump. Be strong and concentrate...
"finish"!

Simple drill for teaching the footwork

Have the players get into a line near the right side of the
basket (to shoot the right-handed lay-up). Each player takes
a turn. You can use more than one basket if you have
enough assistants to watch each player's technique. This
drill works on correct footwork. Have the player (with a ball)
face the right side of the backboard with both feet together.
Then have her take one step forward with the inside (left)
foot, plant that foot and jump off of it and shoot the righthanded lay-up. When jumping, the right thigh comes up