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Methods in Digital
Research DIGC102
Subject Outline: Autumn 2010
Credit Points 6
Pre-requisites None
Face- to- Face teaching hours 3 hrs
Lecture: Tuesday 9.30am-10.30am (19.1056)
Lab 10.30 – 12.30 (17-104)
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STUDY RECESS
7th June
EXAMS
12th June
PERIOD
MID YEAR RECESS
28th June
Public Holidays during session: NB: No classes are run on public holidays
nd
Friday 2 April – Good Friday
Saturday 3rd April – Easter Saturday
Monday 5th April – Easter Monday
th
Monday 26 April – Anzac Day holiday
Monday 14th June – Queens B’Day
holiday
There are many techniques used by academic and industry researchers to investigate media and communication.
This subject maps some of the principal approaches by researchers to analyse our media forms and to break down
our communication systems of meaning. Policy studies, content analysis, audience research, surveys,
questionnaires, industry research, conversational analysis, and textual analysis are among the approaches explored
in this course. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques are investigated along with what kinds of research are
developing through the use of the Internet and other forms of new media.
Formal class times and locations are available from the University’s home page Please note that tutorial times
on the timetable are provisional.
Modes of delivery: 1 hour lecture and 2 hour computer lab seminar (including lecture and workshop) once per
week.
Contact details for the subject co-ordinator can be found on the title page. Contact details for any other staff
teaching the subject will be announced in Week 1.
Consultation times will be announced in Week 1.
Students should have enrolled in tutorials via SOLS before the start of session.
Those with time tabling difficulties should see the Subject Co-ordinator.
Subject Requirements
Attendance requirements
This subject requires 100% attendance at all lectures and classes unless this is unavoidable on medical or
compassionate grounds and evidence of this is provided through SOLS. A roll will be taken each week.
Attendance that falls below the 80% requirement, irrespective of the cause, may require you to complete
additional written work to complete the subject. If in doubt, consult either the subject co-ordinator or your
tutor.
Completing the subject: Students are required to fulfil the attendance requirements, the online and class
participation requirements and submit all assessments. Failure to meet these requirements can lead to a
technical fail in the subject.
Participation: Participation for the subject is assessed during the class and includes an online component and
includes a weekly blog post. Participation in the class includes listening, summarising and asking questions. It
also involves establishing links and face-to-face communication with your fellow students. Online participation
includes commenting on a minimum of three (3) blog posts from your peers each week. Comments should be
designed to encourage discussion. These requirements will help to develop your skills in articulating critical
ideas and reflecting on the issues addressed in the lectures and readings.
Failure to meet all these requirements can lead to a technical fail in the subject.
The recommended readings are not intended as an exhaustive list – students should use the Library catalogue and
databases to locate additional resources.
Use of internet sources: There will be many Internet sources listed on the e-learning site of the subject related to
each week. As with all subjects in the digital communication specialisation students should become very familiar
with using these sources as much as finding and contributing relevant new sources to share with the class as a
knowledge community.
Students should be aware that in conjunction with the other subjects in the Digital Specialisation, DIGC102 has the
following larger objectives:
To develop new media literacy so that students can understand, engage and participate in the various
forms of new media. To move students from consumers to producers in both their approach to digital
media and in their actions.
To develop the collaborative practice of new media and digital communication in their work and in their
future endeavours
To make them aware of how change develops and its institutional organisation and to work to effect
change.
To realise the participatory potentials of new media forms, but also recognise the economic and cultural
powers which reform these forms of participation into consumer capitalism.
To encourage students to develop an electronic portfolio (a digital and internet presence) throughout their
career in the digital communication specialisation to assist them into their future careers
To foster links with the program and the industry itself.
Performance grades guide: HD-High Distinction (85-100%); D-Distinction (75-84%); C-Credit (65-74%); P-
Pass (50-64%); PC-Pass Conceded (45-49%); F-Fail (unsatisfactory completion) 0-44%. This is a general
guide as to what these grades usually indicate for written work:
High Distinction: excellent expression and argument, originality of thought, thorough critical research.
Distinction: good expression, some sophistication of argument, sound use of supporting critical material.
Credit: good text-based reading, well expressed, with critical support and accurate citation.
Pass: sound elementary analysis, average expression, basic use and citation of references.
Fail: Illogical, irrelevant to topic chosen, illiterate, no referencing.
due: Friday, March 26 Week 4 by 4pm posted to your class blog and email notification.
weighting: 15%
length: 500 words (excludes reference list)
Identify a current political, social or cultural concern on the subject of ‘E-waste’ and
provide a short annotated search report with at least 10 examples from a range of
primary, secondary and tertiary sources.
Be attentive to cultural and geographical specificity and narrow your topic focus to
a well defined and briefly detailed issue (such as the environmental impact of
switching to Digital TVs, the social cost of the materials mined for use in mobile
phones, or the environmental impact of international E-Waste ‘dumps’).
Document your search methodology in brief. Investigate the issue via weblogs and
other online media sources, but also check if there are more scholarly discussions
occurring on the issue. Your objective is to give a short summary the way the issue
has been addressed on the Internet.
Students will present on their e-waste topic and report the findings from their
initial research report. This is an oral report, but should be accompanied by visual
and digital materials or handouts. Students conclude by leading a short open
discussion, and contribute to the peer assessment of each presenter via their blogs.
due: Week 5, Friday April 2 and Week 10 Friday May 14, by 4pm.
weighting: 20%
On the Friday of Week 5 students will nominate their strongest post (from weeks 1
to 4) via email and include provide a short justification for their inclusion. Students
will also nominate the best post and comments from your peers.
Explain your nominations and include short citations but not large block quotes.
(250 words) (10% Total)
In Week 10 student will nominate their three strongest posts, and nominate the
best three posts from their peers during the session. Explain your nominations and
include short citations but not large block quotes.
(500 words) (10% Total)
due: Presentation during and Week 11/12 – Tuesday May 18, Tuesday May 25.
Group Research Dossier submitted in Week 13 Tuesday June 1, by 4pm)
weighting: 30% (15% presentation, 15% Research Project Dossier)
20 minute presentation, class led discussion and dossier (1500 words – excluding
length:
references)
Students will work in groups of 3-4 to produce short audio-visual presentation and
report ‘dossier’ on their integrated research into a particular issue of ‘E-waste’.
Students will test different qualitative and quantitative research methods (from
statistical information and data visualisation to interviews, surveys, participant and
observational methods, etc) and work to combine their findings.
The groups can use produce video documentaries, wiki articles, or audio podcasts
to communicate the groups’ research.
due: Weekly
weighting: 10%
length: NA
Each week you will contribute comments to blogs posts from three of your peers.
Comments should be positive and designed to engage in discussion and not simply
statements or one line comments.
6: Class Participation
due: Weekly
weighting: 10%
length: NA
Tutorial Guide
This module begins by exploring the differences between various types of sources, online and
off. It focuses on encouraging students to be critical readers and begins to explore the pathways
to other types of sources in order to expand their research practices.
Blog Topic: What is your area of specialised knowledge or expertise? Where is your interest
most often held in politics, sport, fandom, technical knowledge or an interest in a particular
academic discipline? Consider your own ‘researcher identity’. What do you use research for in
your everyday Internet activities? What is your standard practice for finding information online
– how might you improve it?
All Blog topic posts should be a minimum of 250 words and include examples of primary,
secondary and tertiary sources, and be fully referenced. Ensure to read and posts
comments on at least 3 blogs from peers each week.
Background Materials
O’Donnell, Marcus, 2006, Marcus ODonnell Blogging as Pedagogic Practice Asia Pacific Media
Educator, issue No 17. Dec 2006. [available:
http://www.marcusodonnell.com/files/APMEODonnell.pdf] accessed January 27, 2010.
This week we continue to expand our range of search techniques and explore a variety of
alternative search sources including user-recommendations systems and folksonomies. The
lecture will examine our evolving relationship to Google, and discuss the current operations and
directions of the corporate search engine and online advertising services industry, with
attention to the issues of intellectual property, privacy, censorship and surveillance.
Tutorial: A variety of search engines and search functions will be employed to get a sense of
their power and functionality. We start by comparing simple word searches and expand out to
look at how to search through blogs and other web sources. We begin to search and review
primary, secondary and tertiary sources of information on a topic. Students will discuss ways of
distinguishing between opinion and fact and commence their first blog post.
Blog Topic: With reference to this week’s readings and lecture, discuss Google’s impact on the
way people use the web to find information. How might you begin to improve your own search
habits?
Background Materials
Head, Alison J 2007 Beyond Google: How do students conduct academic research? First
Monday, vol. 12, no.8-6, [available:
http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1998/1873 ] accessed
January 27, 2010.
Defining an industry often becomes the first step in analysing the industry. This week the lecture
will examine ‘E-waste’ research topic in detail and begin to unpack the relationship between
industry and the new media user in terms of production, consumption and cultures of recycling,
reuse and innovation.
Tutorial: This week we look at academic referencing styles and practices. We will look closely at
how to find and read industry reports and seek to determine their intention. How can we gain
an objective distance from their claims?
Blog Topic: E-waste and the New Media User. Define the industry or sector for your search
assignment and begin to uncover some of the issues relating to e-waste that sector either faces
or has overcome. Think about your own personal experience and how it can be used in your
analysis of your search results.
Background Materials
Head, Elizabeth 2008, ‘E-Waste Think Tank Review and Synthesis, Canberra Environment and
Sustainability Resource, Canberra. [Available:
http://www.ecoaction.com.au/res/File/Final%20E-Waste%20Report.pdf ] accessed January 28,
2010.
This week we explore two varieties of information regulation: censorship and research ethics.
The lecture will look to those features of the Internet and Computer Mediated Communication
(CMC) that complicate the regulation of digital networked environments and will also provide a
introduction to the means of conducting ethical research practices.
Identify a current political, social or cultural concern over E-waste: be culturally and
geographically specific and narrow your topic focus to specific issue such as the environmental
impact of switching to Digital TV, the social cost of the materials in mobile phones, or
international E-Waste ‘dumps’.
Explain your search methodology in brief. Investigate the treatment of the issue in weblogs and
online media sources, but also check if there are more scholarly discussions of the issue. Your
objective is to summarise the way it has been addressed on the Internet and provide a
bibliography of the various sources that you have used to understand this movement of
information via the Internet and the Web.
Tutorial: We spend time learning to locate and analyse legal, corporate and government
documents – a fundamental skill for researchers of all varieties. Important moral and ethical
questions will be debated as we prepare ourselves for the user research component. For
example, if we are “lurking”, should we explain to others our purposes? How does this change
the research?
Blog Topic: What are the implications for the Australian Governments proposed ISP-level
Internet filter for Australian researchers, bloggers, or journalists? OR Provide a brief account of
your Information Search Report status.
Background Materials
McKee, Alan (2006) Censorship of sexually explicit materials: What do consumers of
pornography have to say?’, Media International Australia incorporating Culture and Policy’,
(120):pp. 35-50.
The Internet is not only an object of study, but a source of inquiry. This we survey a variety of
quantitative methodologies, including social network analysis, the ‘grounded web’ of geo-
location and the visualisation and analysis of data. We discuss the difference between natively
digital research methods and those ‘virtual’ research methodologies adopted traditional
standards and practices from the social sciences and humanities.
Tutorial: This week students will explore various means of mapping and analysing their social
networks. What might the intellectual property of this information be? We will consider the
ethical concerns for conducting research on and in these environments.
Blog Topic: What is the impact of the networked environment on your social relationships, how
do your online and online ‘friend’ practices and relationships differ - how might you record,
interpret and visualise the qualitative information of your profile, or your entire your social
network?
Reading:
Lee Rainie, John Horrigan, Barry Wellman, Jeffrey Boase 2006, The Strength of Internet Ties, The
Pew Internet and American Life Project, [available:
http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2006/PIP_Internet_ties.pdf.pdf ] Jan 28,
2010.
Tutorial: Students will peer assess the presentations in the lab/tutorial this week.
Blog Topic: In reviewing one of the presentations in class this week, provide constructive
feedback and conduct a peer assessment addressing your comments in line with the assessment
criteria.
Documenting the use of new media offers a variety of challenges for the researcher. One
technique developed in the social sciences (particularly anthropology) is observational analysis
and participant observation. We will look at how these can be applied to the study of E-Waste
and users of media technologies.
Tutorial: Working in groups, we will advance on the different types of observational analysis.
First, simply watching others in the group work and use their online sources. Observers will
record as much as possible in the process. Users and observers will then switch and a similar
process will be advanced but with the capacity of the observer to intervene and be part of the
Blog Topic: Briefly map out how and what observational research methodologies you might
adapt as part of your study of media users and E-Waste.
Reading
Brownlow, Charlotte, O’Dell Lindsay 2002, ‘Ethical Issues for Qualitative Research in Online
Communities.DisabilityandSociety, vol. 17, no.6 ,pp.685–694. [available online:
http://oro.open.ac.uk/16326/2/75B8EB19.pdf ]
Interviewing has a long research tradition with methodologies ranging from formal, and semi-
formal practice to focus-group interviews, online and off. The key to good interview research is
the preparation and design of the questions. This lecture looks at some of the possibilities of
interview techniques and research that can be conducted online or with particular users.
Tutorial: In pairs you will break off into interviewers and interviewees. Identify a particular
online/new media usage and develop a series of questions and potential follow-up questions.
Conduct a fifteen minute interview. Record as much as possible and then swap roles. Discussion
will focus on development of questions and how effective the in-depth interview can be (with a
discussion of its limitations as a research technique as well as a discussion on its usefulness in
understanding the operation of new media industries).
Reading:
Fontana, Andrew 2000, The interview: from structured questions to negotiated text, in Denzin,
Norman K. Handbook of qualitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif. Sage Publications.
c2000. 1065 p. p 645-672 Digital Library Resource
The interpersonal element is central to the experience of new media. This week we explore the
techniques of studying online conversation. The lecture includes discussion of where this kind of
research is successfully employed in industry and in scholarship.
Tutorial: We will be looking at the kinds of conversation generated in online forums as well as
text messages. How are conversations different from their face- to face versions? What
categories can we generate to classify online conversations? The latter half of the tutorial/lab
will be studying particular handouts of online conversation and coding it in a useful way for
greater analysis and reading. Comment other locations where conversations occur (games,
Blog Task: What are the challenges of conversational analysis as a methodology that occur in
adapting the study of conversation to the Internet. What are some of the advantages and
opportunities afforded by the web as a medium and the Internet as a series of connected digital
networks as a means of conducting conversational analysis? What are some of the potential
sources for this kind of investigation that do not have offline equivalents?
Reading:
Moore, Robert, Ducheneaut, Nicolas, Nickell, Eric 2007, ‘Doing Virtually Nothing: Awareness and
Accountability in Massively Multiplayer Online Worlds’, Computer Supported Cooperative Work,
no.16 pp.265-305.
All techniques of research – especially when trying to understand e-waste and the user of new
media – have their limitations. This lecture looks at the way that techniques can be combined to
produce more completed analyses.
Tutorial: In groups, we will now work to combine our approaches to studying the user. Some of
this work will generate the material for presentations and reports in the following week. The
latter half of the tutorial will look at other ways to expand our research and perhaps combine it
with a more thorough study of a particular digital communication technology, regulation and
users.
REMINDER: Second Blog Reports are due Friday May 14, by 4pm
Nominate your three strongest posts via email, provide a short justification for their inclusion.
Nominate the three best posts from your peers. Explain your nominations including short
citations but not block quotes. Blog posts can be reviewed and edited at any time until the due
date.
Blog Topic: Review one of the presentations given this week, provide constructive feedback and
conduct a peer assessment addressing your comments in line with the assessment criteria. Use
this post to reflect on your own presentation style and preparation and what might you learn
from the group chosen.
Blog Topic: Review one of the presentations given this week, provide constructive feedback and
conduct a peer assessment addressing your comments in line with the assessment criteria. Use
this post to reflect on your own presentation style and preparation and what might you learn
from the group chosen.
Tutorial: The tutorial time will provide an opportunity for student to conclude their
presentation dossier and make it available online.
The University of Wollongong has in place codes of practice, rules and guidelines that define a range of
policy issues on both educational and student matters. Students must refer to the Arts Faculty Handbook
or online reference which contains a range of policies on educational issues and student matters. Some of
the policies relevant to the Arts Faculty are listed below:
Consult the relevant School and Program on the Faculty of Arts website for the appropriate
referencing system used for this subject at
www.uow.edu.au/arts
http://www.library.uow.edu.au/resourcesbytopic/UOW026631.html#electronic
Presentation
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Faculty Handbook
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