Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

POPULATION
Total population million; as of 1 July 835 852 869 888 905 923 942 960 979 998 1016 1035 1051 1068 1085 1101 1118 1134 1150

INDIA
Population density persons per square kilometer 254 259 265 270 275 281 286 292 298 303 309 314 320 325 330 335 340 345 350
Population annual change, percent 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4
Urban population percent of total population 25.6 25.8 26.0 26.2 26.4 26.6 26.8 27.0 27.2 27.5 27.7 27.9 28.1 28.3 28.5 28.8 29.0 29.2 29.4

LABOR FORCE a million; fiscal year beginning 1 April … … … … 299.1 … … … … … 345.9 … … … … 380.8 … … …
Employed … … … … 291.5 … … … … … 336.6 … … … … 368.9 … … …
Agriculture … … … … 181.5 … … … … … 201.8 … … … … 207.1 … … …
Industry … … … … 44.8 … … … … … 54.9 … … … … 69.4 … … …
Services … … … … 65.2 … … … … … 79.9 … … … … 92.4 … … …
Unemployed … … … … 7.7 … … … … … 9.3 … … … … 11.9 … … …
Unemployment rate percent … … … … 2.6 … … … … … 2.7 … … … … 3.1 … … …
Labor force annual change, percent … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Labor force participation rate b percent … … … … 38.4 … … … … … 37.6 … … … … 39.2 … … …
Male … … … … 37.6 … … … … … 53.5 … … … … 55.1 … … …
Female … … … … 41.1 … … … … … 20.8 … … … … 22.4 … … …

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion Rupees; fiscal year beginning 1 April

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current factor cost 5150.3 5941.7 6815.2 7921.5 9252.4 10832.9 12607.1 14019.3 16160.8 17865.3 19250.2 20977.3 22614.1 25381.7 28777.0 32823.9 37793.8 43208.9 * 49331.8 *
Agriculture 1508.0 1761.7 1975.7 2291.7 2638.9 2869.5 3450.2 3661.3 4204.9 4465.1 4495.7 4866.2 4720.6 5323.4 5524.2 6256.4 6860.5 7826.0 * 8617.5 *
Mining 137.7 151.0 174.1 202.5 228.4 254.7 279.2 336.8 359.5 415.9 457.1 478.7 627.4 638.8 847.8 945.3 1060.2 1174.3 * 1254.1 *
Manufacturing 860.1 933.8 1081.8 1254.0 1549.4 1937.3 2207.6 2296.0 2505.8 2641.1 3003.9 3153.1 3460.3 3885.5 4536.0 5197.4 6176.5 7051.3 * 7804.1 *
Electricity, gas, and water 109.8 134.4 169.8 200.1 251.1 292.5 315.7 371.2 459.3 445.3 460.4 474.8 545.3 566.8 598.9 655.1 704.6 760.7 * 794.8 *
Construction 277.0 311.3 355.2 392.4 450.9 530.4 603.8 750.0 887.8 1020.1 1120.0 1208.7 1351.7 1568.1 2128.1 2641.7 3191.8 3762.7 * 4370.2 *
Trade 973.1 1121.2 1321.9 1562.0 1864.2 2242.6 2649.7 3037.6 3478.6 3875.1 4288.5 4762.3 5259.7 6046.8 7060.7 8098.7 9471.0 10907.1 * 12467.2 *
Transport and communications
Finance 598.6 731.1 810.7 979.3 1106.7 1332.4 1469.9 1673.8 1951.3 2335.5 2547.7 2928.6 3306.8 3714.5 4050.8 4524.7 5240.2 5941.0 * 6912.2 *
Public administration 686.0 797.2 926.0 1039.5 1162.7 1373.6 1631.0 1892.8 2313.5 2667.1 2876.9 3104.9 3342.3 3637.8 4030.5 4504.6 5089.2 5786.0 * 7111.8 *
Others
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 545.9 605.6 710.7 736.5 905.3 1085.2 1179.1 1252.2 1351.2 1655.1 1773.0 1812.3 1931.5 2164.5 2717.1 3043.6 3497.9 4025.1 * 3885.7 *
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 5696.2 6547.3 7525.9 8658.1 10157.6 11918.1 13786.2 15271.6 17512.0 19520.4 21023.1 22789.5 24545.6 27546.2 31494.1 35867.4 41291.7 47234.0 * 53217.5 *
Net factor income from abroad -75.5 -100.8 -116.5 -120.8 -130.8 -134.8 -130.8 -132.1 -149.7 -154.3 -227.3 -200.7 -166.9 -207.1 -223.8 -261.2 -297.8 -238.5 * -270.2 *
GNI at current market prices 5620.8 6446.5 7409.5 8537.3 10026.8 11783.3 13655.3 15139.5 17362.3 19366.0 20795.8 22588.8 24378.7 27339.1 31270.3 35606.3 40994.0 46995.5 * 52947.4 *

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current factor cost

Agriculture 29.3 29.6 29.0 28.9 28.5 26.5 27.4 26.1 26.0 25.0 23.4 23.2 20.9 21.0 19.2 19.1 18.2 18.1 17.6
Industry 26.9 25.8 26.1 25.9 26.8 27.8 27.0 26.8 26.1 25.3 26.2 25.3 26.5 26.2 28.2 28.8 29.5 29.5 29.0
Services 43.8 44.6 44.9 45.2 44.7 45.7 45.6 47.1 47.9 49.7 50.5 51.5 52.7 52.8 52.6 52.2 52.4 52.4 53.4

Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 5696.2 6547.3 7525.9 8658.1 10157.6 11918.1 13786.2 15271.6 17512.0 19520.4 21023.1 22789.5 24545.6 27546.2 31494.1 35867.4 41291.7 47234.0 * 53217.5 *
Private consumption 3769.4 4357.2 4908.2 5629.3 6519.5 7517.3 8865.6 9653.4 11216.0 12536.4 13392.7 14672.0 15513.7 16994.8 18400.3 20574.6 23078.2 25960.8 * 29133.9 *
Government consumption 664.5 749.9 849.1 984.8 1095.7 1298.2 1472.0 1740.7 2155.4 2527.4 2650.9 2817.9 2909.8 3103.0 3380.5 3755.6 4215.5 4791.0 * 6164.5 *
Gross fixed capital formation c, d 1417.5 1450.7 1634.5 1964.0 2448.1 2860.1 3447.9 3725.2 4102.4 4686.6 4963.2 5219.8 5982.0 7335.7 9521.5 11777.4 14128.5 16752.0 * 19240.1 *

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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/Statistics)

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Increase in stocks 64.5 -6.0 100.5 -16.7 145.5 257.7 -139.9 132.9 -21.3 375.8 154.7 -13.3 198.4 257.6 590.6 949.0 1089.6 1703.2 * 1875.8 *
Exports of goods and services 406.4 562.5 673.1 861.5 1016.1 1307.3 1448.5 1652.0 1952.8 2277.0 2781.3 2907.6 3555.6 4174.3 5690.5 7120.9 9168.0 9994.4 * 12066.0 *
Less: Imports of goods and services 487.0 562.5 730.0 860.0 1047.1 1449.5 1610.2 1843.3 2247.4 2657.0 2975.2 3110.5 3799.8 4368.8 6259.5 8134.7 10422.6 11677.9 * 14913.8 *
Statistical discrepancy d -139.1 -4.6 90.4 95.2 -20.1 127.0 302.2 210.7 354.2 -225.9 55.6 296.1 186.1 49.7 170.1 -175.3 34.6 -289.5 * -349.0 *

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Private consumption 66.2 66.6 65.2 65.0 64.2 63.1 64.3 63.2 64.0 64.2 63.7 64.4 63.2 61.7 58.4 57.4 55.9 55.0 54.7
Government consumption 11.7 11.5 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.9 10.7 11.4 12.3 12.9 12.6 12.4 11.9 11.3 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.1 11.6
Gross domestic capital formation e 26.0 22.1 23.1 22.5 25.5 26.2 24.0 25.3 23.3 25.9 24.3 22.8 25.2 27.6 32.1 35.5 36.9 39.1 …
Exports of goods and services 7.1 8.6 8.9 9.9 10.0 11.0 10.5 10.8 11.2 11.7 13.2 12.8 14.5 15.2 18.1 19.9 22.2 21.2 22.7
Imports of goods and services 8.5 8.6 9.7 9.9 10.3 12.2 11.7 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.2 13.6 15.5 15.9 19.9 22.7 25.2 24.7 28.0
Statistical discrepancy d -2.4 -0.1 1.2 1.1 -0.2 1.1 2.2 1.4 2.0 -1.2 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.6 -0.7

At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1999/00 factor cost 10835.7 10990.7 11580.2 12238.2 13020.8 13969.7 15083.8 15732.6 16784.1 17865.3 18643.0 19726.1 20482.9 22227.6 23887.7 26161.0 28711.2 31297.2 * 33393.7 *
Agriculture 3398.9 3332.6 3554.2 3672.3 3845.5 3818.8 4197.6 4090.4 4348.9 4465.1 4454.0 4732.5 4389.7 4826.8 4829.1 5111.1 5313.2 5571.2 * 5660.4 *
Mining 290.1 299.9 302.6 306.9 335.4 355.0 357.0 392.0 403.1 415.9 425.9 433.4 471.7 486.3 525.9 551.6 600.4 620.0 * 642.4 *
Manufacturing 1619.8 1580.9 1629.8 1769.8 1961.3 2264.6 2479.7 2481.0 2558.7 2641.1 2845.7 2918.0 3116.9 3323.6 3611.2 3938.4 4401.9 4763.0 * 4877.4 *
Electricity, gas, and water 235.6 258.4 276.4 297.1 325.0 347.0 365.9 394.2 421.9 445.3 454.4 462.3 484.2 507.4 547.5 575.1 605.4 637.3 * 659.0 *
Construction 663.3 677.0 700.5 704.5 742.4 786.8 801.6 885.5 941.1 1020.1 1083.6 1126.9 1216.5 1362.2 1582.1 1838.7 2055.4 2263.3 * 2425.8 *
Trade 1987.7 2039.0 2152.7 2301.4 2528.8 2862.3 3093.3 3325.8 3580.1 3875.1 4156.5 4538.5 4966.9 5563.7 6158.5 6904.0 7788.9 8754.0 * 9545.9 *
Transport and communications
Finance 1146.7 1270.8 1340.0 1489.6 1547.5 1672.8 1776.3 1984.2 2139.0 2335.5 2430.5 2607.4 2815.5 2972.5 3230.8 3598.9 4094.7 4575.8 * 4933.6 *
Public administration 1493.6 1532.2 1624.0 1696.5 1734.9 1862.4 2012.4 2179.5 2391.2 2667.1 2792.4 2907.2 3021.5 3185.1 3402.7 3643.1 3851.2 4112.6 * 4649.3 *
Others
Taxes less subsidies on production and imports 1100.8 1072.7 1144.3 1093.1 1197.5 1324.8 1366.6 1384.7 1393.4 1655.1 1664.1 1640.5 1688.5 1799.7 2133.0 2288.4 2489.1 2730.0 * 2700.5 *
GDP by industrial origin at 1999/00 market prices 11936.5 12063.5 12724.6 13331.2 14218.3 15294.5 16450.4 17117.3 18177.5 19520.4 20307.1 21366.5 22171.3 24027.3 26020.7 28449.4 31200.3 34027.2 * 36094.3 *
Net factor income from abroad -158.8 -166.1 -167.8 -152.7 -154.8 -166.5 -159.7 -130.3 -138.4 -154.3 -224.3 -201.4 -178.7 -195.0 -210.8 -206.6 -212.6 -148.5 * -157.3 *
GNI at 1999/00 market prices 11777.7 11897.3 12556.7 13178.5 14063.5 15128.0 16290.7 16987.1 18039.1 19366.0 20082.8 21165.1 21992.7 23832.3 25809.8 28242.8 30987.7 33878.6 * 35937.0 *

Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 5.3 1.4 5.4 5.7 6.4 7.3 8.0 4.3 6.7 6.4 4.4 5.8 3.8 8.5 7.5 9.5 9.7 9.0 6.7
Agriculture 4.0 -2.0 6.7 3.3 4.7 -0.7 9.9 -2.6 6.3 2.7 -0.2 6.3 -7.2 10.0 0.0 5.8 4.0 4.9 1.6
Industry 7.1 0.3 3.3 5.8 9.3 11.6 6.7 3.7 4.1 4.6 6.4 2.7 7.1 7.4 10.3 10.2 11.0 8.1 3.9
Services 5.2 4.6 5.7 7.2 5.9 10.1 7.6 8.8 8.3 9.5 5.7 7.2 7.5 8.5 9.1 10.6 11.2 10.9 9.7

Expenditure on GDP at constant market prices 11936.5 12063.5 12724.6 13331.2 14218.3 15294.5 16450.4 17117.3 18177.5 19520.4 20307.1 21366.5 22171.3 24027.3 26020.7 28449.4 31200.3 34027.2 * 36094.3 *
Private consumption 8218.6 8395.9 8612.4 8986.8 9423.6 9997.3 10774.4 11096.6 11818.0 12536.4 12967.6 13739.6 14134.0 14971.5 15745.6 16871.2 17936.9 19456.7 * 20014.9 *
Government consumption 1432.3 1429.9 1479.2 1566.8 1588.4 1712.1 1791.4 1992.6 2235.2 2527.4 2550.9 2608.8 2599.6 2666.0 2761.3 2932.7 3092.9 3320.3 * 3992.6 *
Gross fixed capital formation c, d 2793.2 2472.6 2544.0 2882.5 3306.9 3465.1 3897.0 4047.5 4224.8 4686.6 4742.4 4758.3 5355.5 6343.3 7527.0 8823.5 10041.1 11255.8 * 12133.6 *
Increase in stocks 122.9 -11.6 152.5 -19.5 185.7 293.7 -157.0 146.2 -26.0 375.8 144.1 -13.8 185.0 170.1 408.4 661.3 696.7 1056.6 * 1087.4 *
Exports of goods and services 839.6 920.7 965.7 1098.8 1242.1 1632.1 1734.8 1694.4 1929.6 2277.0 2690.3 2806.3 3398.0 3723.6 4735.5 5568.9 6746.7 6890.0 * 7773.8 *
Less: Imports of goods and services 819.8 820.0 993.2 1184.6 1452.3 1860.8 1815.4 2055.0 2483.4 2657.0 2777.1 2854.4 3205.3 3648.2 4458.7 6289.8 7829.8 8370.2 * 9864.4 *
Statistical discrepancy d -650.3 -324.1 -36.1 0.3 -76.2 54.9 225.0 195.0 479.2 -225.9 -11.2 321.8 -295.3 -199.0 -698.5 -118.3 515.7 417.8 * 956.4 *

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 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Private consumption 4.5 2.2 2.6 4.3 4.9 6.1 7.8 3.0 6.5 6.1 3.4 6.0 2.9 5.9 5.2 7.1 6.3 8.5 2.9

INDIA
Government consumption 3.5 -0.2 3.4 5.9 1.4 7.8 4.6 11.2 12.2 13.1 0.9 2.3 -0.4 2.6 3.6 6.2 5.5 7.4 20.2
Gross domestic capital formation e 16.8 -15.6 9.6 6.2 22.0 7.6 -0.5 12.1 0.1 20.6 -3.5 -2.9 16.8 17.6 21.8 19.5 13.2 14.7 …
Exports of goods and services 11.1 9.7 4.9 13.8 13.0 31.4 6.3 -2.3 13.9 18.0 18.2 4.3 21.1 9.6 27.2 17.6 21.1 2.1 12.8
Imports of goods and services 3.4 0.0 21.1 19.3 22.6 28.1 -2.4 13.2 20.8 7.0 4.5 2.8 12.3 13.8 22.2 41.1 24.5 6.9 17.9

Investment Financing at current prices

Gross domestic capital formation e 1482.1 1444.7 1735.0 1947.3 2593.6 3117.8 3308.1 3858.1 4081.1 5062.4 5117.9 5206.6 6180.4 7593.3 10112.1 12726.3 15218.0 18455.1 * …
Gross national saving 1261.8 1403.9 1592.6 1943.7 2598.0 2996.3 3439.5 3940.6 4180.2 5219.6 5351.1 5881.8 7090.6 8991.4 10674.7 13104.8 15714.2 19194.8 * …
Gross domestic saving 1300.1 1410.9 1596.8 1899.3 2474.6 2910.0 3130.7 3635.1 3897.5 4842.6 4990.3 5348.9 6465.2 8206.9 9978.7 12280.3 14751.1 17796.1 * …
Net factor income from abroad -75.5 -100.8 -116.5 -120.8 -130.8 -134.8 -130.8 -132.1 -149.7 -154.3 -227.3 -200.7 -166.9 -207.1 -223.8 -261.2 -297.8 -238.5 * -270.2 *
Net current transfers from abroad 37.1 93.8 112.3 165.1 254.2 221.1 439.7 437.6 432.4 531.3 588.1 733.6 792.3 991.7 919.7 1085.7 1260.9 1637.1 * …

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

Gross domestic saving 22.8 21.5 21.2 21.9 24.4 24.4 22.7 23.8 22.3 24.8 23.7 23.5 26.3 29.8 31.7 34.2 35.7 37.7 …
Gross national saving 22.2 21.4 21.2 22.4 25.6 25.1 24.9 25.8 23.9 26.7 25.5 25.8 28.9 32.6 33.9 36.5 38.1 40.6 …
Gross domestic capital formation e 26.0 22.1 23.1 22.5 25.5 26.2 24.0 25.3 23.3 25.9 24.3 22.8 25.2 27.6 32.1 35.5 36.9 39.1 …

At Current Market Prices Rupees

Per capita GDP 6789 7649 8631 9706 11162 12843 14573 15842 17815 19501 20631 21913 23244 25696 28920 32430 36802 41506 * 46116 *
Per capita GNI 6699 7531 8497 9571 11018 12698 14435 15705 17663 19347 20408 21720 23086 25503 28715 32194 36537 41297 * 45882 *

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture 1999–2001 = 100 75.0 76.0 79.0 82.0 85.0 87.0 91.0 92.0 94.0 99.0 98.0 101.0 94.0 104.0 103.0 108.0 113.0 121.0 …
Mining 1980/81 I 1993/94 = 100 221.2 222.5 223.7 231.5 I 109.8 120.5 118.2 126.4 125.4 126.7 130.3 131.9 139.6 146.9 153.4 154.9 163.2 171.6 175.6
Manufacturing 1980/81 I 1993/94 = 100 207.8 206.2 210.7 223.5 I 109.1 124.5 133.6 142.5 148.8 159.4 167.9 172.7 183.1 196.6 214.6 234.2 263.5 287.2 293.8

ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 33311 31007 27874 26508 30905 35048 32986 33830 32806 32628 32123 31972 32894 33015 34082 32458 33642 33408 33977
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports 20793 21813 29977 30309 27895 26901 32812 33573 38479 53306 70024 77554 81907 87027 95310 96270 109881 … …
Consumption 51671 50954 54254 53509 56407 57971 61704 64533 66672 79538 101788 106744 110148 118511 127755 127550 142417 … …

Coal thousand metric tons

Production 202194 226862 233883 246041 251178 264635 285520 295784 297864 292383 311486 322260 336803 351571 378608 397979 420243 444765 484100
Exports 108 69 119 99 107 106 131 94 607 815 1511 1619 3058 1617 1320 1618 1983 833 …
Imports 4916 5200 6538 5889 7940 8853 9796 9229 16728 17127 21083 20448 21261 23800 22918 34865 39771 44083 …
Consumption 219270 229313 237175 250294 261244 274211 300158 305678 305824 318765 333462 323435 336288 347641 400252 424697 448778 486848 …

Natural gas million cubic meters

Production 17990 18649 18372 18121 19423 21124 23375 25296 27654 29792 29300 29629 30742 32206 31675 31999 31788 31457 31968
Exports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Imports … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Consumption 12427 13982 15917 16282 17269 19639 21590 23282 25954 26344 27670 28018 29177 31091 30660 31153 30797 … …

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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/Statistics)

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Electricity f million kilowatt-hours

Production 289439 315631 332713 356335 380081 394800 395889 421747 448544 481055 501204 579120 596543 633275 665873 697459 742359 … …
Exports 62 53 146 101 57 50 84 321 270 201 195 232 175 58 40 … … … …
Imports 1440 1506 1352 1547 1480 1570 1577 1385 1385 1540 1497 1518 1520 1748 1735 … … … …
Consumption g 290817 317084 333919 357781 386980 419565 397382 422811 449659 482394 502506 580406 597888 634965 667568 … … … …

Retail prices h Rupees/liter

Gasoline, premium 9.84 12.23 14.62 15.71 16.78 16.78 16.95 21.13 22.84 24.01 26.07 28.75 26.54 33.49 33.71 37.99 43.49 … …
Diesel 4.08 5.05 5.05 6.17 6.98 6.98 6.99 8.02 10.25 10.03 14.56 17.06 16.60 22.11 21.73 28.22 30.45 … …

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer (industrial workers, national) i
1982 I 2001 = 100 186.3 212.1 237.1 252.2 277.9 306.3 333.8 357.8 405.1 424.0 441.0 458.0 477.0 496.0 514.2 536.0 I 123.0 130.8 144.8
Food 190.7 222.3 250.8 265.2 296.1 330.7 359.2 380.2 437.0 444.0 452.0 462.0 474.0 490.0 503.8 520.2 I 122.3 133.7 152.6
Consumer (industrial workers, Delhi) i
1982 I 2001 = 100 194.6 218.4 246.7 272.1 298.6 326.7 346.1 380.2 447.2 479.7 513.5 529.0 549.7 569.8 597.8 647.7 I 121.8 128.4 139.6
Food 210.1 243.3 269.7 302.6 337.0 375.9 391.9 422.9 496.3 484.0 503.3 509.3 516.4 541.8 564.5 576.1 I 120.3 131.3 146.7
Wholesale f 1981/82 I 1993/94 = 100 182.7 207.8 228.7 247.8 I 112.5 121.5 127.2 132.8 140.7 145.3 155.7 161.3 166.8 175.9 187.3 195.6 206.2 215.8 233.9
Implicit GDP deflator f 1999/00 = 100 47.7 54.3 59.1 64.9 71.4 77.9 83.8 89.2 96.3 100.0 103.5 106.7 110.7 114.6 121.0 126.1 132.3 138.8 * 147.4 *

Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index 9.0 13.8 11.8 6.4 10.2 10.2 9.0 7.2 13.2 4.7 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.2 6.2 6.3 10.7
Food price index 8.8 16.6 12.8 5.7 11.7 11.7 8.6 5.8 14.9 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.4 2.8 3.3 7.6 9.3 14.1
Wholesale price index 10.3 13.7 10.1 8.4 … 8.0 4.7 4.4 5.9 3.3 7.2 3.6 3.4 5.5 6.5 4.4 5.4 4.7 8.4
Implicit GDP deflator 10.7 13.7 9.0 9.8 10.0 9.1 7.5 6.5 8.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.8 3.6 5.6 4.2 5.0 4.9 6.2

MONEY AND BANKING billion Rupees; fiscal year beginning 1 April

Money supply (M1) j 928.9 1144.1 1240.7 1507.8 1922.6 2148.4 2406.2 2678.5 3090.7 3418.0 3794.5 4228.4 4735.8 5787.2 6475.0 8263.8 9660.9 11524.3 12455.6
Currency in circulation k 530.5 611.0 682.7 823.0 1006.8 1182.6 1320.9 1455.8 1689.4 1890.8 2095.5 2407.9 2715.8 3149.7 3558.6 4131.2 4828.1 5682.8 6661.0
Demand deposits l 398.4 533.1 557.9 684.8 915.7 965.7 1085.2 1222.7 1401.2 1527.1 1699.0 1820.5 2020.0 2637.5 2916.3 4132.6 4831.8 5841.5 5794.6
Quasi-money j 1729.4 2026.4 2399.5 2803.1 3353.4 3843.6 4554.0 5534.9 6718.9 7823.8 9337.7 10755.1 12443.8 14269.6 16039.5 19031.7 23500.0 28651.4 35129.5
Money supply (M2) m 971.0 1190.3 1288.9 1558.9 1973.0 2198.8 2456.6 2728.9 3141.1 3468.4 3844.9 4278.8 4786.2 5837.6 6525.4 8314.2 9710.3 11574.7 12506.0
Money supply (M3) j 2658.3 3170.5 3640.2 4310.8 5276.0 5991.9 6960.1 8213.3 9809.6 11241.7 13132.2 14983.5 17179.6 20056.8 22514.5 27295.4 33159.9 40175.7 47585.0
Foreign assets (net) 105.8 212.3 244.4 546.1 790.3 821.4 1055.0 1380.9 1778.5 2056.5 2498.2 3110.3 3937.1 5265.9 6492.5 7261.9 9131.8 12951.3 13228.5
Domestic credit 3119.6 3462.6 3963.7 4416.9 5151.4 6024.3 6649.3 7639.1 8826.7 10279.4 11911.7 13492.1 15755.0 17590.5 20370.2 24580.6 29643.1 34829.8 42958.4
Claims on government sector 1401.9 1582.6 1762.4 2039.2 2224.2 2577.8 2886.2 3306.0 3866.8 4413.8 5119.6 5895.6 6765.2 7429.0 7567.7 7650.6 8342.3 9058.5 12831.7
Claims on private sector 1717.7 1879.9 2201.4 2377.7 2927.2 3446.5 3763.1 4333.1 4959.9 5865.6 6792.2 7596.5 8989.8 10161.5 12802.5 16930.0 21300.8 25771.4 30126.7
Claims on other financial institutions
Other items n -567.2 -504.3 -568.0 -652.2 -665.8 -853.8 -744.1 -806.7 -795.6 -1094.2 -1277.7 -1618.9 -2512.6 -2799.6 -4348.2 -4547.1 -5615.0 -7605.4 -8601.8

Money supply (M3) o annual change, percent  15.1 19.3 14.8 18.4 22.4 13.6 16.2 18.0 19.4 14.6 16.8 14.1 14.7 16.7 12.1 17.0 21.5 21.2 18.4
M3 percent of GDP at current market prices  46.7 48.4 48.4 49.8 51.9 50.3 50.5 53.8 56.0 57.6 62.5 65.7 70.0 72.8 71.5 76.1 80.3 85.1 89.4

Deposit Money Banks p

Demand deposits 331.9 450.9 464.6 565.7 769.0 806.1 906.1 1025.1 1174.2 1273.7 1425.5 1530.5 1702.9 2250.2 2480.3 3646.4 4297.3 5243.1 5201.3

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 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Savings deposits … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Time deposits 1593.5 1856.7 2221.1 2585.6 3099.6 3532.1 4149.9 4959.7 5966.0 6859.8 8200.7 9503.1 11105.6 12793.9 14521.7 17444.1 21822.0 26726.3 33101.9
Domestic credits outstanding q

INDIA
1663.0 1883.0 2279.0 2656.0 3292.0 3862.0 4373.0 5110.0 5921.0 7144.0 8515.0 10009.0 7292.2 8407.9 11004.3 15070.8 19311.9 23619.1 27700.1

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

On deposits
Savings 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50
Time: 6 months 8.00 8.00 11.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 11.50 10.80 11.00 9.00 6.20 6.55 5.00 4.50 4.68 5.00 5.82 6.90 7.80
12 months 9.00 9.00 11.00 10.00 11.00 12.50 11.80 11.00 10.30 8.00 7.10 7.10 5.75 5.00 4.98 5.32 6.32 8.30 9.20
On loans and discounts
Commercial bills r 15.50 16.50 17.25 15.00 15.00 16.50 14.75 14.00 12.50 12.25 11.50 … … … … … … … …
Export credit s 11.50 11.50 19.50 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 12.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 … … … … … … …
Other commercial bills t 16.00 16.00 19.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 11.00 … … … 10.00 8.98 3.38 8.13 8.46 … … …

GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Rupees; fiscal year beginning 1 April

Central Government
Total revenue and grants 606.7 750.9 824.5 816.0 1030.4 1180.3 1342.7 1431.2 1659.9 1933.4 2067.8 2213.6 2681.8 3479.3 3724.6 3593.1 4408.2 5858.2 5744.4
Total revenue 606.7 750.9 824.5 816.0 1030.4 1180.3 1342.7 1431.2 1659.9 1933.4 2067.8 2213.6 2681.8 3479.3 3724.6 3593.1 4408.2 5858.2 5744.4
Current revenue 549.5 660.3 741.3 754.5 910.8 1101.3 1262.8 1338.9 1494.9 1814.8 1926.1 2013.1 2308.3 2638.1 3059.9 3470.8 4343.9 5419.2 5621.7
Taxes 429.8 500.7 540.4 534.5 674.5 819.4 937.0 956.7 1046.5 1282.7 1366.6 1335.3 1585.4 1869.8 2248.0 2702.7 3511.8 4395.4 4659.7
Nontaxes u 119.8 159.6 200.8 220.0 236.3 281.9 325.8 382.1 448.3 532.1 559.5 677.7 722.9 768.3 811.9 768.1 832.1 1023.8 962.0
Capital receipts v 57.1 90.6 83.2 61.4 119.5 79.0 80.0 92.3 165.1 118.6 141.7 200.5 373.4 841.2 664.7 122.3 64.3 439.0 122.7
Grants … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Total expenditure and net lending 982.7 1059.3 1183.5 1368.5 1510.6 1682.9 1903.4 2163.2 2555.5 2980.5 3255.9 3623.1 4132.5 4712.0 4982.5 5057.4 5833.9 7127.3 9009.3
Total expenditure 982.7 1059.3 1183.5 1368.5 1510.6 1682.9 1903.4 2163.2 2555.5 2980.5 3255.9 3623.1 4132.5 4712.0 4982.5 5057.4 5833.9 7127.3 9009.3
Current expenditure w 735.2 822.9 927.0 1081.7 1221.1 1398.6 1589.3 1803.4 2164.6 2490.8 2778.4 3014.7 3387.1 3620.7 3843.3 4393.8 5146.1 5944.9 8034.5
Capital expenditure x 247.6 236.4 256.5 286.8 289.5 284.2 314.0 359.9 390.9 489.8 477.5 608.4 745.4 1091.3 1139.2 663.6 687.8 1182.4 975.1
Net lending … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit -185.6 -162.6 -185.7 -327.2 -310.3 -297.3 -326.5 -464.5 -669.8 -676.0 -852.3 -1001.6 -1078.8 -982.6 -783.4 -923.0 -802.2 -525.7 -2412.8
Capital account surplus/deficit -190.4 -145.8 -173.4 -225.4 -170.0 -205.2 -234.1 -267.6 -225.9 -371.2 -335.8 -407.9 -371.9 -250.1 -474.5 -541.3 -623.5 -743.4 -852.4
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -376.1 -308.4 -359.1 -552.6 -480.3 -502.5 -560.6 -732.0 -895.6 -1047.2 -1188.2 -1409.6 -1450.7 -1232.7 -1257.9 -1464.4 -1425.7 -1269.1 -3265.2
Financing
Domestic borrowing 230.8 185.7 182.8 392.2 434.9 401.3 398.9 730.2 878.5 1026.7 1125.1 1368.5 1551.2 1367.6 974.4 1358.3 1295.8 1178.6 2869.4
Foreign borrowing 31.8 54.2 53.2 50.7 35.8 3.2 29.9 10.9 19.2 11.8 75.1 56.0 -119.3 -134.9 147.5 74.7 84.7 93.2 96.0
Use of cash balances 113.5 68.5 123.1 109.6 9.6 98.1 131.8 -9.1 -2.1 8.6 -12.0 -15.0 18.8 – 136.0 31.4 45.2 -2.7 299.8

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Total revenue 10.7 11.5 11.0 9.4 10.1 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.5 9.9 9.8 9.7 10.9 12.6 11.8 10.0 10.6 12.4 10.6
Total expenditure 17.3 16.2 15.7 15.8 14.9 14.1 13.8 14.2 14.6 15.3 15.5 15.9 16.8 17.1 15.8 14.1 14.1 15.1 16.6
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -6.6 -4.7 -4.8 -6.4 -4.7 -4.2 -4.1 -4.8 -5.1 -5.4 -5.7 -6.2 -5.9 -4.5 -4.0 -4.1 -3.5 -2.7 -6.0

Expenditure by Function, y Central Government billion Rupees; fiscal year beginning 1 April
Total … … … … … … … … … 3425.5 4016.9 4490.2 4783.9 4934.6 5638.9 6227.4 6981.8 8062.1 9586.6
General public services z … … … … … … … … … 528.9 596.9 670.0 698.3 876.9 958.6 1215.0 1179.3 1467.2 1670.4
Defense … … … … … … … … … 499.0 565.1 630.0 691.3 712.2 792.8 921.1 1065.0 1129.3 1300.1

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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/Statistics)

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Education … … … … … … … … … 623.0 703.2 809.9 812.7 849.9 823.8 904.1 1129.6 1318.5 1581.4
Health … … … … … … … … … 135.0 156.0 173.7 170.0 178.3 191.5 226.1 262.6 318.3 382.6
Social security and welfare … … … … … … … … … 153.6 168.7 208.7 236.0 209.8 233.5 263.9 442.4 459.0 538.9
Housing and community amenities … … … … … … … … … 242.0 269.9 273.3 261.5 366.2 423.2 448.8 513.6 519.9 660.5
Economic services … … … … … … … … … 1219.7 1523.8 1680.9 1867.7 1689.4 2152.4 2175.6 2316.6 2759.6 3344.5
Agriculture … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Industry … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Electricity, gas, and water … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Transport and communications … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Other economic services … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Others aa … … … … … … … … … 24.5 33.4 43.7 46.4 52.0 63.1 72.7 72.7 90.4 108.3

EXTERNAL TRADE billion Rupees; fiscal year beginning 1 April

Exports, fob 325.6 440.4 536.9 697.5 826.7 1063.5 1188.2 1301.0 1397.5 1595.6 2035.7 2090.2 2551.4 2933.7 3753.4 4564.2 5717.8 6558.6 7669.3
Imports, cif 431.9 478.5 633.7 731.0 899.7 1226.8 1389.2 1541.8 1783.3 2152.4 2308.7 2452.0 2972.1 3591.1 5010.7 6604.1 8405.1 10123.1 13055.0
Trade balance -106.4 -38.1 -96.9 -33.5 -73.0 -163.2 -201.0 -240.8 -385.8 -556.8 -273.0 -361.8 -420.7 -657.4 -1257.3 -2039.9 -2687.3 -3564.5 -5385.7

External Trade annual change, percent

Exports 17.7 35.3 21.9 29.9 18.5 28.6 11.7 9.5 7.4 14.2 27.6 2.7 22.1 15.0 27.9 21.6 25.3 14.7 16.9
Imports 22.3 10.8 32.4 15.3 23.1 36.4 13.2 11.0 15.7 20.7 7.3 6.2 21.2 20.8 39.5 31.8 27.3 20.4 29.0

Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 17813 17874 19233 20991 24197 30539 32326 34624 33668 35923 42627 45514 50522 61130 75387 97929 122365 153130 187354
1. United States 2694 2922 3533 3885 4661 5305 6184 6742 7103 8100 9083 9355 10308 11364 12839 16363 20903 22831 24483
2. United Arab Emirates 455 738 480 726 1210 1306 1491 1638 1824 2029 2469 1679 3119 4676 6605 8282 10224 13244 16730
3. China, People’s Republic of 18 48 94 286 215 283 542 692 500 511 758 1545 1720 2710 4178 6445 9518 13326 20779
4. United Kingdom 1109 1137 1333 1265 1533 1881 2011 2120 1928 1990 2233 2467 2413 2892 3415 4780 5325 6655 7009
5. Singapore 308 386 515 727 738 807 943 829 583 634 826 1017 1309 1949 3378 5178 4440 5335 8111
6. Hong Kong, China 545 615 721 1145 1350 1821 1765 1915 1893 2353 2608 2088 2552 3100 3554 4266 4311 5574 7025
7. Germany 1352 1271 1441 1527 1586 1841 1857 1916 1870 1767 1865 2037 2027 2435 2619 3344 4265 5402 6432
8. Belgium … … … … … … … 1185 1270 1348 1445 1371 1594 1770 2283 2767 3451 4119 5026
9. Italy 499 581 655 571 768 974 913 1070 1070 1104 1262 1357 1319 1636 2053 2439 3396 4213 4606
10. Japan 1656 1654 1523 1657 1924 2130 2078 1925 1714 1677 1767 2011 1776 1748 1911 2376 3743 3781 4761

Imports, total 23991 19509 23197 21269 25486 34490 36055 40897 42162 47901 50336 59151 58913 74078 99838 134690 186618 249566 299490
1. China, People’s Republic of 31 21 94 259 622 811 702 1029 1102 1240 1449 2094 2603 3738 6073 9829 16047 26440 35599
2. United States 2635 1891 2258 2171 2432 3344 3187 3709 3660 3583 3152 4141 4129 4890 5981 7591 11100 19352 20533
3. Germany 1836 1551 1907 1587 1899 2713 2738 2604 2238 1916 1780 2272 2310 2790 3631 5368 8459 11069 13116
4. Singapore 689 311 689 593 720 966 974 1164 1338 1497 1482 3018 1402 1923 2458 3086 8440 11000 13614
5. Australia 757 561 826 686 841 945 1089 1444 1455 1173 1068 1367 1329 2321 3333 4594 7413 8552 12099
6. Belgium … … … … … … … 2564 2825 3480 3073 2966 3475 3910 4419 4676 6392 8139 8158
7. United Arab Emirates 964 994 727 658 1307 1594 1657 1769 1736 2181 1078 1163 947 1784 3951 4394 5525 6665 8760
8. Korea, Republic of 325 314 410 365 694 717 836 972 1296 1304 989 1549 1427 2502 3103 4135 6086 7260 8289
9. United Kingdom 1664 1186 1393 1459 1471 1683 1948 2366 2577 2686 3053 2824 2724 3120 3382 3815 5492 6499 8204
10. Japan 1801 1364 1504 1376 1840 2234 2134 2156 2386 2518 2016 2134 1914 2460 2921 3473 4935 6782 8680

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 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS million US Dollars; fiscal year beginning 1 April

Current account -9680 -1178 -3526 -1159 -3369 -5912 -4619 -5499 -4038 -4698 -2666 3400 6345 14083 -2470 -9902 -9565 -17034 -29817

INDIA
Balance on goods -9438 -2798 -5447 -4056 -9049 -11360 -14815 -15507 -13246 -17841 -12460 -11574 -10690 -13718 -33702 -51904 -61782 -91626 -119403
Exports 18477 18266 18869 22683 26855 32310 34133 35680 34298 37542 45452 44703 53774 66285 85206 105152 128888 166163 175184
Imports -27915 -21064 -24316 -26739 -35904 -43670 -48948 -51187 -47544 -55383 -57912 -56277 -64464 -80003 -118908 -157056 -190670 -257789 -294587
Services and income -2772 -2622 -2294 -2736 -2829 -3404 -2581 -2201 -1379 505 -3312 -882 197 5639 10447 17315 22138 32648 45307
Credit 4919 5244 5106 5659 7021 8774 8547 10990 15121 17640 18950 20519 24285 30772 47842 64067 83088 104345 115531
Debit -7691 -7866 -7400 -8395 -9850 -12178 -11128 -13191 -16500 -17135 -22262 -21401 -24088 -25133 -37395 -46752 -60950 -71697 -70224
Current transfers 2530 4242 4215 5633 8509 8852 12777 12209 10587 12638 13106 15856 16838 22162 20785 24687 30079 41944 44279
Credit 2545 4258 4228 5660 8533 8891 12858 12254 10649 12672 13317 16218 17640 22736 21691 25620 31470 44259 47025
Debit -15 -16 -13 -27 -24 -39 -81 -45 -62 -34 -211 -362 -802 -574 -906 -933 -1391 -2315 -2746
Capital account 7053 3915 3876 8894 8502 4089 12007 9844 8437 10444 8840 8551 10840 16736 28022 25470 45203 107993 9146
Financial account … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Direct investment 96 129 315 586 1343 2143 2842 3562 2480 2167 3272 4734 3217 2388 3713 3034 7693 15401 17496
Portfolio investment … 5 239 1370 5491 1591 3959 2536 -603 2316 2346 2853 1023 8216 9287 12494 7060 29556 -14034
Financial derivatives … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Other investment … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …
Net errors and omissions 134 -138 -940 800 654 601 -595 166 -177 656 -305 -194 -200 602 607 -516 968 1205 591
Overall balance -2493 2599 -590 8535 5787 -1222 6793 4511 4222 6402 5869 11757 16985 31421 26159 15052 36606 92164 -20080
Reserves and related items 2493 -2599 590 -8535 -5787 1222 -6793 -4511 -4222 -6402 -5869 -11757 -16985 -31421 -26159 -15052 -36606 -92164 20080

Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

Exports 5.7 6.3 6.5 8.0 8.3 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.1 8.3 9.7 9.3 10.6 11.2 12.3 12.9 14.1 14.5 14.3
Imports -8.6 -7.3 -8.4 -9.4 -11.1 -11.9 -12.6 -12.2 -11.2 -12.2 -12.4 -11.7 -12.8 -13.5 -17.1 -19.3 -20.9 -22.6 -24.1
Balance on goods -2.9 -1.0 -1.9 -1.4 -2.8 -3.1 -3.8 -3.7 -3.1 -3.9 -2.7 -2.4 -2.1 -2.3 -4.8 -6.4 -6.8 -8.0 -9.8
Current account balance -3.0 -0.4 -1.2 -0.4 -1.0 -1.6 -1.2 -1.3 -1.0 -1.0 -0.6 0.7 1.3 2.4 -0.4 -1.2 -1.0 -1.5 -2.4
Overall balance -0.8 0.9 -0.2 3.0 1.8 -0.3 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 2.4 3.4 5.3 3.8 1.9 4.0 8.1 -1.6

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 5188 6794 8665 13524 23053 21591 23784 27568 29833 35069 40155 48200 70377 102261 130401 136026 176105 273859 247419
Gold, national valuation 3667 3168 2908 3325 3355 3669 3614 2880 2492 2403 2252 2329 2712 3323 3808 4102 5367 6871 ...
Foreign exchange 1205 3580 5461 9807 19386 17467 19742 24324 26958 31992 37264 45251 66994 97617 125164 131018 170187 266553 246603
Reserve position in the Fund – 0 292 292 310 316 306 287 300 671 637 614 665 1318 1424 902 550 432 813
SDRs 316 46 4 100 2 139 122 77 83 4 2 5 7 3 5 4 1 3 3

EXCHANGE RATES Rupees per US Dollar; as of end of period

End of period 18.073 25.834 26.200 31.380 31.380 35.180 35.930 39.280 42.480 43.490 46.750 48.180 48.030 45.605 43.585 45.065 44.245 39.415 48.455
Average of period 17.504 22.742 25.918 30.493 31.374 32.427 35.433 36.313 41.259 43.055 44.942 47.186 48.610 46.583 45.317 44.100 45.307 41.349 43.505

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of fiscal year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 83628 85421 90264 94342 102483 94464 93466 94317 97637 98313 99099 98485 105020 112883 124399 123145 175540 220956 ...
Long-term debt 72462 74901 79126 85676 93907 87040 85427 88606 93021 94354 95637 95743 100927 107843 116875 114357 149164 177294 ...
Public and publicly guaranteed 70974 73355 77921 83906 87480 80422 78045 79398 84611 86410 80051 78818 82257 84668 89028 80303 63799 74419 ...
Private nonguaranteed 1488 1545 1205 1770 6427 6618 7382 9208 8409 7944 15586 16924 18670 23174 27847 34054 85366 102876 ...
Short-term debt 8544 7070 6340 3626 4264 5049 6726 5046 4329 3933 3462 2742 4093 5040 7524 8788 26376 43662 ...
Use of IMF credit 2623 3451 4799 5040 4312 2374 1313 664 288 26 – – – – – – – – ...

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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/Statistics)

India
Item 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

External debt percent of GNI 26.7 32.4 37.3 34.7 32.1 26.8 24.3 23.2 23.7 22.0 21.8 20.8 20.8 19.0 17.9 15.3 19.3 18.9 ...
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 86.6 87.7 87.7 90.8 91.6 92.1 91.4 93.9 95.3 96.0 96.5 97.2 96.1 95.5 94.0 92.9 85.0 80.2 ...
Short-term debt percent of total debt 10.2 8.3 7.0 3.8 4.2 5.3 7.2 5.4 4.4 4.0 3.5 2.8 3.9 4.5 6.0 7.1 15.0 19.8 ...
Debt service percent of
exports of goods and services 31.9 29.6 27.3 26.9 28.7 29.7 23.6 21.9 21.2 15.7 14.5 14.7 17.3 18.9 13.8 13.2 7.7 ... ...

Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the fiscal year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 2650 2842 3253 4033 5144 6929 6644 6936 6574 6063 6661 7312 11258 14626 15880 17814 10656 32544 22021
Interest on long-term debt 3778 3529 3440 3539 4093 4351 4009 4465 4769 3566 3996 4296 4090 5940 3188 6201 6134 5898 8839
Interest on short-term debt 899 826 399 367 312 385 268 349 327 209 185 112 146 57 188 326 1055 2276 ...

Average terms of new commitments

Interest percent per annum 5.4 5.8 5.0 5.9 3.9 3.9 4.6 5.0 3.3 3.9 4.7 3.6 2.1 1.9 2.6 3.5 4.0 5.2 …
Maturity years 21.9 20.3 23.2 19.1 25.0 22.6 19.3 19.5 10.8 23.2 11.5 23.7 23.8 21.3 20.8 19.1 18.8 19.2 …
Grace period years 7.9 6.8 6.8 5.3 8.0 7.6 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.4 5.4 6.6 7.1 6.9 6.1 6.3 5.6 5.3 …
Grant element percent 33.9 29.3 33.6 26.2 45.5 43.2 34.7 34.1 32.2 43.4 25.6 45.8 56.0 54.5 49.3 40.5 39.2 32.4 …

a Data on labor force are estimates from the National Sample Survey (NSS) reports, specifically, NSS Round 55 for 2000 (survey period July 1999–June 2000), and NSS
Round 61 for 2005 (survey period July 2004–June 2005).
b Data are computed using total labor force and total population statistics from the NSS.
c Before 1999, data include errors and omissions. From 1999 onward, data include valuables and errors and omissions.
d Data for 2008 do not include errors and omissions.
e Includes gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, valuables, and errors and omissions.
f For the fiscal year beginning 1 April.
g Includes electricity consumed in auxiliary stations and losses in transmission and distribution system.
h Only refers to prices quoted for New Delhi as of 1 April each year.
i For the year ending 31 December.
j Quasi money includes time deposits and other deposits with the Reserve Bank.
k Refers to currency with the public defined as currency in circulation less cash in hand with banks.
l Refers to deposit money of the public defined as deposit money with banks and other deposits with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
m Defined as M1 plus post office savings bank deposits.
n Residual item; defined as government's currency liabilities to the public less banking sector's net nonmonetary liabilities other than time deposits.
o Data for 2004 are adjusted based on the mergers and conversion in the banking system. Data for 2005 are not comparable with those of the other years as 2005 data
include 27 fortnights, in contrast with the usual 26 fortnights.
p Refers to commercial and state cooperative banks.
q Prior to 2002, data refer to commercial and state cooperative banks. From 2002 onward, data refer to total bank credit of commercial banks.
r For 1990–1992 and 1994–1997, rates charged by scheduled commercial banks; for 1993, minimum lending rate prescribed by RBI; actual range of rates for 1992 is
15.50–19.00%.
s Rates refer to average of varying rates depending on type and period of credit. For 1993 onward, rates refer to preshipment export credit up to 180 days; 1990–1991,
7.50–15.50%, and 1992, 15.00–24.00%.
t Refers to ceiling rates on general credit prescribed by RBI. From 10 October 1988, RBI has prescribed a minimum rate of 16% on general credit. Data from 1993 refer to
postshipment export credit of usance bills up to 90 days.
u Includes grants.
v Refers to nondebt receipts and includes Rs. 343.09 billion on account of transfer of profit from the sale of RBI's stake in State Bank of India for 2007.
w Represents revenue expenditure.
x The 2007 figure includes Rs. 343.09 billion on account of transfer of profit from the sale of RBI's stake in State Bank of India. Data before 1999 exclude shares in small
savings collections transferred to States to ensure comparability across years.

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 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009

India
y Data for central government relate to administrative departments (current and capital expenditure) excluding local bodies.
z Includes public order and safety.
aa Includes environment protection, recreation, culture and religion.

Sources:

INDIA
Population Official communication, 26 May 2009; past communication. Central Statistical Organization.

Labor Force National Sample Survey Reports, Rounds 50 to 61. Central Statistical Organization.

National Accounts Official communication, 25 June 2009; past communication. Central Statistical Organization.

Production Indexes
Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.

Mining For 1990–2001, Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy 2002/03. Reserve Bank of India.
Manufacturing For 2002–2008, Official communication, 5 June 2009; other publications. Central Statistical Organization.

Energy Official communication, 26 May 2009; past communication. Central Statistical Organization.

Price Indexes Official communication, 26 May 2009; past communication; other publications. Central Statistical Organization.

Money and Banking Official communication, 27 April 2009; past communication. Reserve Bank of India.

Government Finance Official communication, 24 April 2009; past communication. Ministry of Finance.

Expenditure by Function Official communication, 26 May 2009. Central Statistical Organization.

External Trade Official communication, 27 April 2009; past communication; other publications. Reserve Bank of India.

Direction of Trade Direction of Trade Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.

Balance of Payments Official communication, 27 April 2009; past communication. Reserve Bank of India.

International Reserves International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates

External Indebtedness Global Development Finance Online. World Bank.

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