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THE HISTORY OF THE ANTI-SEISMIC REGULATIONS IN ROMANIA

The first anti-seismic regulations in romania were issued after the earthquake from November,
1940. The provisional instructions, issued in 1941 by the Ministry of Public Works
The first anti-seismic design regulations in Romania: The system of norms for designing
civil and industrial constructions/buildings from seismic areas P13-63

A system of norms for anti-seismic design P13-70.

After the earthquake from March, the 4th, 1977:


o STAS 11.100/1-77 The seismic macro-zoning map of the countrys territory (corrected)
o The system of norms for building anti-seismic design P.100-78.
o The system of norms for building anti-seismic design P.100-81.

System of norms for anti-seismic design for the execution social-cultural, agricultural,
zootechnical and industrial residential constructions/buildings P100-91.
System of norms for anti-seismic design for the execution social-cultural, agricultural,
zootechnical and industrial residential constructions/buildings P100-92. (valid till April,
2006)
Anti-seismic design regulations Part I: Building design provisions code P100-1/2004
approved by the Ministry of Transports, Civil Engineering Works and Tourism through the Order
489/05.04.2005 (valid starting with April 2006).

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THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TERRITORIAL ARRANGEMENT


THE PUBLIC CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS DEPARTMENT

SYSTEM OF NORMS FOR THE ANTI-SEISMIC DESIGN


OF THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL, AGRICULTURAL, ZOOTECHNICAL
AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
CODE
P 100-92
5.3. Calculation relations/formulae for determining the seismic horizontal loads when
calculating the resistance structures.
5.3.1. The relations given below are used at the establishing of equivalent static loads applied in
engineering calculations obligatory within the current design method. These loads consider
implicitly and in a simplified way the influence of the behaviour and post-elastic
deformation/strain phenomena.
5.3.2. The horizontal seismic loads acting against the building have to be determined for each
free oscillating/vibration mode.
In the particular case when the free oscillationsare produced within a plane, the resultant of the
horizontal seismic loads (the basic shearing force) corresponding to the moving direction
considered for the land and to the r free oscillation mode, is determined through the relations
5.1. and 5.2.:
Sr = crG

(5.1.)

cr = ksrr

(5.2.)

where:
cr the general seismic coefficient corresponding to the r free oscillation mode;
G the resultant for the gravitational loads regulated for the entire structure, determined
according to 6.1.3.;
the coefficient indicating the buildings importance, depending on the importance classes from
table 5.1. (point 5.3.3.);
ks the coefficient depending on the seismic zone of emplacement;
r the coefficient of dynamic amplification in the r vibratory mode, depending on the spectral
composition of the movement at the site (point 5.3.5.);
the coefficient of reducing the seismic action effects taking account of the structures ductility,
the effort re-distributing capacity, the weights at which act the strength resources that have not
been considered in calculation, and also the vibrations damping effects other than those asociated
to the resistance structure (point 5.3.6.);
r the coefficient of equivalence between the real system and a system with a degree of freedom
corresponding to the r free oscillation mode point 5.3.7. (this way of defining is valid for the
peculiar case of the plane oscillations; in the case of spatial vibrations analysis, the coefficient r
has a more complex meaning described in annex C).
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The horizontal seismic loads resultant is the main parameter by which are correlated the
structures, infrastructures, foundations and foundation lands resistance/bearing capacities, and
by which is assessed the resistance capacity at horizontal forces of the structure-land ensemble.
The distribution on the buildings vertical axis of the Sr force is done accordingly to the
stipulations of point 5.3.8.
5.3.3. The coefficients make the difference among the building anti-seismic protection levels
depending on their importance categories. On the basis of the criteria stated at point 1.5. the
buildings are divided in 4 classes of importance in conformity with table 5.1, having the
importance coefficients presented in table 5.2.
Table 5.1 The building classes of importance
Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Buildings of vital social importance, whose operating capacity during and after the
earthquake has to be integrally ensured:
Hospitals, ambulance stations, fire-fighting stations
Central and county administrative buildings with decision role in organizing
the emergency actions after earthquakes
Buildings for national and county importance communications
Electric energy production buildings within the national system
Buildings of national importance museums
Buildings of special importance for which it is required the damage limiting by
having in view their consequences:
The other buildings from the health field
Schools, nurseries, kindergartens, centres for children, disabled persons and
old people
Buildings sheltering human agglomerations such as: artistic and sport show
houses/halls,churches, important commercial centres
Buildings sheltering special artistic, historical and scientific values
Buildings and industrial installations presenting fire or toxic substance release
risks
Industrial buildings storing equipment of big economical value
Storehouses with products od strict necessity for the immediate supply of
population
Buildings of normal importance (that do not belong to the classes I, II or IV):
Residential buildings, hotels, dwelling centres (exempting the ones from the
class II)
Usual industrial and agro-zootechnical buildings
Buildings of reduced importance:
Agro-zootechnical buildings of reduce importance (e.g.: greenhouses,
different groundfloor buildings for animal and poultry breeding etc)
Dwelling houses with only groundfloor or groundfloor and one storey
Other civil engineering and industrial buildings sheltering goods of small
value and operated by a few persons

Remarks:
a) the buildings classifying into the importance classes from this table is not identical with
the classifying from the STAS 11 100/75.
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b) the construction types that are not explicitly stipulated in the table shall be framed in one
of the 4 classes based on a technical proof given in the design theme/terms of reference.
c) in some situations, some building components, including installations and their equipment,
can be framed within classes of importance different from the rest of the building.
d) the decision of classifying the building into different classes of importance shall be taken
by the beneficiary by consulting with the authorized technical units.
Table 5.2. The values of the coefficients of importance

I
1.4

Classes of importance
II
III
1.2
1.0

IV
0.8

5.3.4. The coefficient ks represents the ratio/proportion between the maximum acceleration of
the land seismic movement (considered with an average period (of coming back) of about 50
years) corresponding to the seismic calculation area and the gravitational acceleration. The values
of the coefficient ks are given in the table 5.3 depending on the seismic calculation zones
indicated on the map from the figure 5.1.

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ANNEX A THE SEISMIC ZONING OF THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY AS REGARDING


THE CALCULATION PARAMETERS
A.1. the stipulations within this annex concerning the seismic zoning of Romanian territory as per
calculation parameters, is applied to all consstruction categories that are subject to this system of
norms.
For the buildings from the special categories of exceptional importance and/or whose damage
creates a high risk potential (the class I of importance within the classifying from STAS 10 100/075) special studies shall be made on the seismic conditions on-site, in conformity with
corresponding regulations.
It is recommended to perform such studies for the special importance buildings, too (class II
STAS 10 100/0-75).
A.2. The seismic zoning of Romanian territory refers two parameters: the coefficient ks and the
corner period Tc of the design spectrum. For a series of more important localities, the framing
into the zones corresponding to the two maps is given in the table A.1.
A.3. In the table below it is presented the equivalence between the seismic intensity expressed in
MSK degrees (rounded to integers) and the pair of values ks - Tc.
Table A.2. THE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN THE SEISMIC INTENSITY (EXPRESSED IN
MSK DEGREES) (ROUNDED TO INTEGERS) AND THE PAIR OF VALUES KS - TC.
Ks
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.32

0.7
VI
VII
VII
VII
VIII
VIII

Tc
1.0
VI
VII
VII
VIII
VIII
VIII

1.5
VII
VII
VIII
VIII
VIII
IX

A.4. The territorys seismic zoning corresponds to the surface of free land from the catgory
average land (superficial geological package with the propagation velocity of the S waves
belonging to 300500 m/s, exempting the topsoil layer, which is less stiff).
A.5. The return periods of seism intensities corresponding to the calculation seismic areas are
around 50 years for the zones where the focal point Vrancea prevails and a 100 years or more for
the areas where other focal points prevail.
A.6. In order to detail the site seismic conditions, it is recommended to have in view also the
micro-zoning studies performed currently, and also the database concerning the earthquakes from
Romanian starting with the seism from 1977 existing at INCERC and CFP.

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Table A.1. THE CALCULATION PARAMETERS KS AND TC FOR DIFFERENT


LOCALITIES, ACCORDING TO THE ZONING MAPS FROM THE FIGURES 5.1 AND 5.2.
Locality
1

Abrud
Adjud
Agnita
Aiud
Alba Iulia
Alesd
Anina
Arad
Avrameni
Azuga
Babadag
Bacau
Baia de Arama
Baia Mare
Baia Sprie
Baraolt
Baicoi
Baile Govora
Baile Herculane
Baile Olanesti
Bailesti
Baile Tusnad
Bechet
Beclean
Beius
Beresti
Bicaz
Bistrita
Barlad
Blaj
Bocsa
Boldesti-Scaeni
Borsec
Borsa
Botosani
Brad
Brasov
Braila
Breaza
Brezoi
Bucuresti

Zone for
ks

Tc
(sec)

F
B
D
F
F
F
D
D
E
D
D
C
F
E
E
E
A
D
D
D
D
E
D
F
F
B
E
F
B
E
F
A
F
F
E
F
D
C
B
D
C

0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
1.5
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.7
1.5

Locality

Zone for
ks

Tc
(sec)

Buzau
Buzias
Calafat
Caracal
Caransebes
Carei
Cavnic
Calan
Calarasi
Calimanesti
Cehu Silvaniei
Cernavoda
Chisinau-Cris
Cisnadie
Campia Turzii
Campina
Campulung
Campulung Moldovenesc
Cluj-Napoca
Codlea
Comarnic
Comanesti
Constanta
Copsa Mica
Corabia
Costesti
Cotnari
Covasna
Craiova
Cugir
Curtea de Arges
Curtici
Darabani
Dej
Deta
Deva
Dorohoi
Dr.Petru Groza
Draganesti-Olt
Dragasani
Drobeta Tr.Severin

B
E
D
D
E
C
E
F
D
D
F
D
F
D
F
A
D
E
F
D
C
D
E
E
D
D
E
C
D
F
D
E
E
F
C
F
E
F
D
D
E

1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.0
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.00
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.5
0.7
1.0
1.5
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.0
1.0
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Budesti
Buftea
Buhusi
Busteni
1

Falticeni
Faurei
Fetesti
Fieni
Filiasi
Focsani
Galati
Gaesti
Gheorgheni
Gherla
Giurgiu
Gurahont
Gura Humorului
Hateg
Harlau
Harsova
Horezu
Huedin
Hunedoara
Husi
Ianca
Iasi
Ineu
Isaccea
Intorsura Buzaului
Jimbolia
Joseni
Lipova
Ludus
Lugoj
Lupeni
Mangalia
Marghita
Macin
Marasesti
Medgidia
Medias
Miercurea Ciuc
Mizil
Moinesti
Moldova Noua
Moreni
Motru
Nadlac
Nasaud
Navodari

D
C
D
D

1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0

E
C
D
C
E
A
C
C
E
F
D
F
E
F
F
D
D
F
F
C
C
C
F
D
C
D
E
E
E
E
F
E
C
D
A
E
D
E
A
D
C
B
E
D
F
E

0.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.7
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.0
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7

Dumbraveni
Eforie Nord
Eforie Sud
Fagarasi
1

Ocna Sibiului
Ocnele Mari
Odobesti
Odorheiul Secuiesc
Oltenita
Oncesti
Onesti
Oradea
Oravita
Orasti
Orsova
Otelu Rosu
Panciu
Pascani
Paltinis
Petrila
Petrosani
Piatra Neamt
Pitesti
Pancota
Plenita
Ploiesti
Plopeni
Polovragi
Predeal
Radauti
Rauseni
Reghin
Resita
Rasnov
Roman
Rosiorii de Vede
Rovinari
Ramnicu Sarat
Ramicu Valcea
Rupea
Salonta
Satu Mare
Sacele
Saveni
Savarsin
Sebes
Segarcea
Semenic
Sf.Gheorghe
Sibiu

E
E
E
D

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

E
D
A
E
D
E
B
E
D
F
D
F
A
E
E
F
F
E
D
F
D
B
A
D
D
D
E
F
F
D
D
D
E
B
D
E
F
E
D
E
F
F
D
F
D
D

0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.5
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
0.7
1.0
0.7
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Negresti
Negresti Oas
Novaci
Ocna Mures

C
E
E
E

1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7

D
D
F
D
A
C
D
E
F
E
E
D
F
E
E
B
B
E
D
E
F
E
F
C
E
D

1.0
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.5
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.0

Sanicolau Mare
Siret
Sangeorz Bai
Slatina
Slanic
Slanic Moldova
Slobozia
Solca
Sovata
Strehaia
Suceava
Sulina
Simleul Silvaniei
Tasnad
Techirghiol
Tecuci
Tg.Bujor
Tg.Carbunesti
Tg.Frumos
Tg.Jiu
Tg.Lapus
Tg.Logresti
Tg.Mures
Tg.Ocna
Tg.Neamt
Tg.Secuiesc

Sighetul Marmatiei
Sighisoara
Simeria
Sinaia
1

Timisoara
Tirgoviste
Tirnaveni
Toplita
Topoloveni
Turnu Magurele
Tulcea
Tandarei
Ticleni
Uricani
Urlati
Urziceni
Vaslui
Vascau
Vatra Dornei
Valenii de Munte
Victoria
Videle
Viseu de Sus
Vanju Mare Vlahita
Voineasa
Vulcan
Zalau
Zarnesti
Zimnicea
Zlatna

D
E
F
D

0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0

D
C
E
E
D
D
D
D
E
F
A
C
B
F
F
A
D
D
F
E
E
F
F
D
D
F

1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
1.5
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.5
0.7

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