Methods PCB fabrication

In this article we will discuss that take shape essential copper circuits via that are realized the electric
connections between the elements. We will be reported extensively in the stages that it should follow
the amateur but also professional electronic, in order that beginning from the theoretical diagram that
has drawn in a paper it leads to what is known as printed circuit. You will still learn how it is
manufactured anyone of pcb abbey or double aspect with simple and easy way. And all these following
the directives that you we give below.
In order to is materialised a any printed circuit it will be supposed we begin from the designing of lines
of interconnection of elements, we advance in their transport in films and we finish with the etching
and the piercing of pcb. Firstly we will speak concisely for the stages of manufacture plake'tas. Then
we will analyze the each one from them more extensive using photographs and drawings.

The artwork
The designing of printed circuit can become with one from the following
ways:
1. With special thin felt-tip on rise paper or simple white
paper.
2. With specifically designing tools (stencils) that contain
islands and lines on rise paper from white paper.
3. With specifically design auto transferable stickers
(letraset, magictype etc) in rise paper, white paper, and in
special transparent gelatin.
4. With the help of designing programs that runs in
computer, the known programs CAD, which offer
facilities and crowd of possibilities.
This programs apart from the possibility simple (off-hand) transport in printer of spikes, have the
possibility of printing out perfect in printers inject and laser. Certain of them have the possibility of
transformation printed in form PostScript. With use of form PostScript exists the possibility of sending
your drawing in special machines of photosynthesis that it is possible him they print in very high
analysis in special film. In this way the final result does not have envy in nothing from a professional
work. The method that has prevailed today because it has simplified all the stages is the last one. In
case where the drawing of printed circuit is already ready (f.e has been published in certain periodical)
then obviously we omit the stage of designing and simply we prepare the drawing for the final transport
in pcb. Thus we can photocopy the drawing in rise paper or him repeat in films in some shop that has
the possibility of production of special photocopies. Himself it will be supposed we make also in the
other cases where the drawing has been made in paper.
The TRANSPORT of DRAWING
The transport of drawing of printed circuit above in pcb can become with a lot of ways mainest than
which they are:

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

With direct designing of lines with special

felt-tip indelible ink above in the copper
surface pcb. This way is judged ideal for
simple and small dimensions pcb or off-hand
essays that should be printed out immediately.
With specifically auto transferable selfadhesive elements as films and islands that are
stuck above in the copper surface.
With special self-adhesive artworks printed
that is offered by certain magazines.
With the method that forecasts use of
photosensitive special spray covering pcb (as
the known Positive of 20 German company
Kodakt Chemie or the Photosensitive of
English company Electrolube) and film.
With special ready photosensitive pcb as f.e of
German company Bungard. The pcb these
even if they are more expensive than simple
pcb have the advantage the perfect and
uniform covering pcb with photosensitive
material, thing that guarantees the perfect
transport of drawing.

The two last methods in combination with the designing in computer give pcb high technical
specifications.
EXPOSURE OF PCB IN THE UV LIGHT
The report pcb in UV light becomes in order to are burned that points that constitute the final drawing
of printed circuit and will be supposed they are impressed in pcb. It is a process similar with that of
appearance of photographic film. The report PCB in the UV light becomes in the interior of specifically
shaped box where a special lamp of steams of mercury of force 125 W undertakes it transports the
drawing printed in the surface pcb. In order to becomes possible what it will be supposed the
photosensitive pcb on her adjoin film with the help of piece of pane it is placed in distance 30
hundredth from lamp UV.

Then it will be supposed it is exposed for 4 until 10 thinly depending

on the type of film (gelatin, rise paper or other transparent paper) and
proportionally photosensitive surface pcb. We stress that the lamp this
in order to it functions needs in line with her catering a special
inductor (tsok) similar with what we use in the pipes of fluorescence. If
him you forget exists danger to be burned. Mark that the UV radiation
is VERY DAMAGING for the eyes and should not never him you look

at.

DEVELOPMENT
The appearance is the thinnest process because it
requires experience and patience. It becomes with the help
of special solution of 7-10 gr caustic soda (NaOH) in one
liter of water. In this appears to appearance pcb for 1-2
thinly the hour. After this time becomes visible the drawing
that will constitute the final electronic diagram of
connections. This solution becomes denser if is added
extra caustic soda. Naturally this him you will make
provided that the thickness of photosensitive surface is
bigger than usual. Attention: this work is imposed it
becomes with plastic gloves and big attention. The caustic
soda is dangerous when it comes in contact with the skin.
The ETCHING
The hour of etching is holiest for the amateur that makes this first pcb, after moment it sees his labours
be rewarded. Sure it is not little you see pcb be created front in your eyes. The etching can become with
four ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.

With solution of arid chloride iron in proportion 1:2 in water

With solution of chloride iron in proportion 1:1 in water
With solution of hythio salt of ammonia in proportion 4:10 in water in temperature
40 I C
With solution hydrochloric acid (2 parts) peroxide of hydrogen (perintrol 1 part) and
water (4 parts)

Attention: the solution emit dangerous steams for the eyes but also for the breathing. For this
reason the etching it is essential to become in open space (courtyard etc.) and never in
underground or in space without good ventilation. Sure even if slow method is second. It
presents the disadvantage however that where it falls this solution soils and does not leave
with nothing or rather up to recently did not clean with nothing because henceforth exists in
the market her dust company Bungard that will save your beloved shirt from his
transformation in duster. Independent from this it is good you wear the old clothes and you
avoid is poured the solution in the floor or in your skin. All the above materials you can him
find in any shop of chemical products. Certain perhaps him you find also in shops electronic.
THE DRILLING

It specifically becomes with drills that accept small drills 0, 5 3 mms. In the practice are used drills 0,8 mms for the IC
completed and drivers of elements, drills 1 mm for pins big
elements, 1,2 -1,3 for pins, 1,5 for relay, switches etc and 3
mms for holes of support pcb. For better results, you can use
special base of support in order to centered better the
apertures. Also you can use special power supply that has the
possibility of regulation turn drill but also his her force.