#1 STD

1a

chalmydia (co
infects with
gonorrhea)
1b

3rd and 4th pouches fail to develop

No thymus --> no T cells
No PTH --> low Ca --> tetany
Congenital defects in heart/great vessels
Recurrent viral. fungal, protozoal
infections
Detect with FISH
Facial abnormalities

2a

Thymic Aplasia
(DiGeorge)(22q11
deletion)
2b

4 Phagocytic
Deficiencies
3a

Chronic granulomatous disease

Chediak Higashi Disease
Job's Syndrome
(hyperimmunoglobulin E
syndrome)
Leukocyte adhesion def. syndrome
3b

4 X linked
Immunodeficiences
4a

Wiskott-Aldrich
Bruton's Aggamaglobulinemia
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Hyper IgM syndrome (no CD
ligand)
4b

Abdominal pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Posthepatic venous
thrombosis
5a

Budd Chiari Syndrome

(liver congestion -->
portal hypertension)
5b

Achilles Tendon
Xanthoma
6a

Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
6b

Actinic (solar)
keratosis
7a

precursor to
Squamous cell
carcinoma
7b

Acute gastric
ulcer associated
with CNS injury
8a

Cushing's Ulcer
(increased ICP
stimulates vagal
gastric secretion)

8b

Acute gastric
ulcer associated
with severe burns
9a

Curling's ulcer (greatly

reduced plasma volume
results in sloughing of
gastric mucosa)
9b

Adrenal Hemorrhage
Hypotension
DIC
Neisseria Sepsis

10a

Waterhouse
Friederichsen
Syndrome
(meningococcemia)

10b

Alternating areas of
transmural
inflmmation nad
normal colon

11a

SKip Lesions
(Crohn's)
11b

Aneurysm,
dissecting
12a

Hypertension
12b

Anti-desmoglein
(epithelial)
antibodies
13a

Pemphigus
Vulgaris
(blistering)
13b

Anti-Glomular
Basement
Membrane
14a

Goodpasture's
syndrome
(glomerulonephritis
and hemoptysis)

14b

Anti-IgG
antibodies
15a

Rheumatoid Arthritis
(systemic inflammation,
joint pannus,
boutonniere deformity)
15b

Anti-neutrophil
Cytoplasmic
Antibodies
16a

Vasculitis
c-ANCA = Wegner
p-ANCA = microscopic
polyangitis, churg strauss
16b

Anti-nuclear
Antibodies (ANAs:
anti-smith, antidsDNA)

17a

SLE (type 3
HSR)
17b

Antitopoisomerase
antibodies
18a

Diffuse systemic
scleroderma
18b

AntiTransglutaminase/AntiGliadin/AntiEndomysial Antibodies
19a

Celiac Disease
(diarrhea,
distension, wt loss)
19b

Anticentromere
antibodies
20a

Scleroderma
(CREST)
20b

Antihistone
antibodies
21a

Drug-Induced SLE
(Sulfonamides,
hydralazine, isoniazid,
phenytoin, procainamide)
21b

Antimitochondrial
Antibodies
(AMAs)
22a

Primary biliary
cirrhosis (female,
cholestasis, portal
hypertension)

22b

Antiplatelet
antibodies
23a

Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenic
Purpura (ITP)
(Bleeding Diathesis)

23b

Aortic Aneurysm,
abdominal and
descending aorta
24a

Atherosclerosis
24b

Aortic
aneurysm,
ascending
25a

3ry syphilis,
Marfan's
25b

Arachnodactyly
Lens Discoloration
Aortic Dissection
Hyperflexible Joints

26a

Marfan's
Syndrome
(fibrillin defect)
26b

Associated with
mycobacterial infection
Hint: its an cytokine
receptor deficiency
27a

IL-12 receptor
deficiency
27b

Athlete with
Polycythemia
28a

Erythropoietin
Injection
28b

Atrophy of the
mamillary
bodies
29a

Wernicke's
Encephalopathy (thiamine
deficiency causing ataxia,
ophthalmoplegia and
confusion)
29b

Attributable
risk
30a

(a / a+b) - (c/
c+d)
30b

Autosplencectomy
(fibrosis and
shrinkage)
31a

Sickle Cell
anemia (HbS)
31b

Azurophilic
granular needles
in leukemic blasts
32a

Auer Rods (AML

especially
promyelocytic type)
32b

Back Pain
Fever
Night Sweats
Wt Loss

33a

Pott's Disease
(vertebral
tuberculosis)
33b

Bacteria
associated with
stomach cancer
34a

H Pylori
34b

Bacterial
meningitis in
adults/elderly
35a

Neisseria
35b

Bacterial
Meningitis in
newborns/kids
36a

GBS, S
pneumo/Neisseria
in kids
36b

Bamboo spine
on xray
37a

Ankylosing spondylitis
(chronic inflammatory
arthritis: HLA-B27)
37b

Basophilic stippling
of RBCs
38a

Lead Poisioning
or sideroblastic
anemia
38b

Basophillic nuclear
remnants in RBCs
39a

Howell-Jolly Bodies
(due to splenectomy or
nonfunctional spleen)
39b

Benign
Melanocytic
Nevus
40a

Spitz Nevus
(most common in
first 2 decades)
40b

Bilateral Hilar
Adenopathy
Uveitis
Hot potato lung

41a

Sarcoidosis
(non-caseating)
41b

Bleeding
Disorder with
Gp1b deficiency
42a

Bernard Soulier
Disease (defect in
platelet adhesion to
vWF)

42b

Bloody Tap on
Lumbar
Puncture
43a

Subarrachnoid
Hemorrhage
43b

Blue Sclera
44a

Osteogenesis
Imperfecta
(collagen type 1
defect)

44b

Bluish Line on
gingiva
45a

Burton's Line
(lead poisoning)
45b

Bone Pain
Bone Enlargement
Hat Size increase
Fractures
Arthritis
Inc ALP
46a

Paget's Disease of Bone

(incr osteoblastic/clastic
activity)
46b

Boot Shaped
Heart on XRAY
47a

Tetralogy of
Fallot, RVH
47b

Bounding Pulses
Diastolic Heart
Murmur
Head Bobbing

48a

Aortic
Regurgitation
48b

BRain Tumor
in adults
49a

Supratentorial: mets >

astrocytoma (glioblastoma
multiforme) > meningioma >
schwannoma
49b

Brain Tumor in
Kids
50a

Infratentorial:
medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
or supratentorial:
craniopharyngioma
(cerebrum)
50b

Branching, Gram
+ rods with
sulfur granules
51a

Actinomyces
Israelii
51b

Breast Cancer
52a

Infiltrating ductal
carcinoma (in the US
1/9 women)
52b

Breast Mass
53a

Fibrocystic Change
Carcinoma in
postmenopausal
women

53b

Breast tumor
(benign)
54a

fibroadenoma
54b

Bronchogenic
apical lung
tumor
55a

Pancoast's Tumor (can

compress sympathetic
ganglion and cause
Horner's Syndrome)
55b

Brown Tumor
of BOne
56a

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin)
causes brown color of
osteolytic cysts
Due to Hyperparathyroidism
or Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
56b

Cafe Au Lait Spots

Lisch Nodules
(iris hamartoma)
57a

Neurofibromatosis 1 (+
pheochromocytoma, optic
gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis 2 (+bilateral
acoustic neuroma)
57b

Cafe Au Lait Spots

Polyostotic Fibrous
Dysplasia
Precocious Puberty

58a

McCune Albright
syndrome
(mosaic G-protein
signaling mutation)

58b

Calf
Pseudohypertrophy
59a

Muscular
Dystrophy
(Duchenne's)
59b

cardiac 1ry
tumor in kids
60a

Rhabdomyoma
60b

Cardiac
manifestations
of lupus
61a

Libman Sacks
Endocarditis
(nonbacterial, affects
MITRAL)

61b

Cardiac tumor
in adults
62a

metastasis
1ry myxoma (4:1 L to
RA; ball and valve)
62b

Cardiomegaly
with apical
atrophy
63a

Chagas (T
Cruzi)
63b

Cellular crescents
in Bowmans
Capsule
64a

Rapidly Progressive
Crescentic
Glomerulonephritis
64b

cerebellar
tonsilar
herniation
65a

chiari malformation (often

presents with progressive
hydrocephalus or
syringomyelia)
65b

Cherry Red Spot

on Macula
(3)
66a

Tay Sachs (ganglioside

accumulation)
Neimann Pick (sphingomyelin
accumulation)
Central Retinal Artery
Occlusion

66b

Child uses arms

to stand up from
squat
67a

Gower's Sign
(Duchenne, X linked
Recessive deleted
Dystrophin gene)

67b

Child with fever

develops red rash on
face that spreads to
body

68a

Slapped Cheeks
(erythema
infectiosum/fifth
disease; parvovirus B19)
68b

Chocolate Cyst
of ovary
69a

Endometriosis
(frequently involves
both ovaries)
69b

Chorea
Crazy (dementia)
Caudate degeneration
(acetyl)Choline low
70a

Huntington's
Disease (AD CAG
repeat expansion)
70b

Chorinc exercise
intolerance with myalgia
Fatigue
Painful Cramps
71a

McArdle's Disease
(muscle
phosphorylase
deficiency)

71b

Chronic
arrhythmia
72a

A Fib (high risk

of emboli)
72b

Chronic
atrophic
gastritis (AI)
73a

predisposition ot
gastric carcinoma
(pernicious anemia
too)

73b

Chronic Sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Situs Inversus
74a

Kartagener's
syndrome (dynein
defect affecting
cilila)

74b

Circular grouping of
dark tumor cells
surrounding pale
neurofibrils

75a

Homer Wright Rosettes

(neuroblastoma,
medullablastoma,
retinoblastoma)
75b

clear cell
adenocarcinoma
of the vagina
76a

DES exposure
in utero
76b

clearance
77a

= rate of elimination
of drug / plasma
concentration
77b

CO
78a

rate of O2 consumption
/ (arteial - venous O2
content)
SV x HR
78b

Cold
intolerance
79a

Hypothyroidism
79b

Colonies of mucoid
Pseudomonas in
lung
80a

CF (CFTR mutation in
caucasians results in fatsoluble vitamin deficiency
and mucous plugs)
80b

Congenital adrenal
hyperplasia,
hypotension
81a

21-hydroxylase
deficiency
81b

congenital
cardiac anomaly
82a

VSD
82b

congenital
conjugated
hyperbilirubinemia
(black liver)

83a

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
(inability of hepatocytes to
secrete conjugated
bilirubin into bile)
83b

Conjugate lateral
gaze palsy
Horizontal Diplopia
84a

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
(damage to MLF)
Bilateral = MS
Unilateral = Stroke
Can still converge
84b

constrictive
pericarditis in
developing world
85a

TB
85b

Continuous
"machinery" harsh
heart murmur
86a

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

(Close with
indomethacin)
(open with misoprostol)
86b

coronary artery
involved in
thrombosis
87a

LAD > RCA >

LCA
87b

CP
Pericardial Effusion
Friction Rub
Persistent fever following
MI
88a

Dressler's Syndrome
(AI-mediated post MI
fibrinous pericarditis, 112 wks post acute MI)
88b

cretinism
89a

iodine deficit /
hypothyroidism
89b

Currant jelly
stool
90a

Intussusception
90b

cushing's
syndrome
91a

corticosteroid
therapy
excess ACTH
secretion by pituitary

91b

Cutaneous/Dermal
edema due to CT
deposition
92a

Myxedema
(hypothyroidism,
Graves Disease)
92b

Cyanosis (early;
less common)
93a

Tetralogy of Fallot,
transposition of
great vessels, truncus
arteriosus

93b

Cyanosis (late,
more common)
94a

VSD, ASD. PDA

94b

Dark purple
skin/mouth
nodules
95a

Kaposi's Sarcoma
(usually AIDS patients
associated with HHV-8)
95b

Death in CML
96a

blast crisis
96b

death in SLE
97a

lupus
nephropathy
97b

Deep labored breathing,

Hyperventilation
Blow off CO2 to increase
pH
98a

Kussmaul
breathing (diabetic
ketoacidosis)
98b

Defect in early stem cell differentiation

Last defense is cytotoxic NK cells
Severe recurrent infections (chronic
mucocutaneous Candidiasis)(fatal or recurrent
RSV, HSV, VZV, measles, flu,
parainfluenze)(PCP pneumonia)
Chronic diarrhea
Failure to thrive
No thymic shadow
99a

Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency
(SCID) (adenosine
deaminase deficiency)
99b

Defective phagocyte lysosome -> giant

cytoplasmic granules in PMNs are
diagnostic
Partial Albinism
Recurrent respiratory tract and skin
infections
Neuorlogic disorders (peripheral
neuropathy)

100a

Chediak-Higashi Disease
(Defective LYST gene)
(lysosomal transport)
100b

Degeneration of
dorsal column nerves
101a

Tabes Dorsalis
(tertiary
syphilis)
101b

Dementia
102a

Alzheimers
disease
multiple infarcts
102b

demyelinating
disease in young
women
103a

MS
103b

Depigmentation
of neurons in
substantia nigra
104a

Parkinson's Disease (basal

ganglia disorder: rigidity,
resting tremor,
bradykinesia)
104b

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
105a

Pellagra (niacin
Vit B3
deficiency)
105b

Desquamated
epithelium casts in
sputum
106a

Curschmann's Sprials
(Bronchial asthma: can
result in whorled mucous
plugs)
106b

DIC
107a

gram - sepsis; obstetric

complications; cancer;
brain trauma
107b

dietary deficit
108a

iron
108b

Dilated
Cardiomyopathy
Edema
Polyneuropathy

109a

Wet Beri-Beri
(thiamine Vit B1
deficiency)
109b

Disarrayed
granulosa cells in
eosionophilic fluid
110a

Call-Exner Bodies
(granuloas-theca cell
tumor of the ovary)
110b

diverticulum in
pharynx
111a

Zenker's
diverticulum
(diagnosed by
barium swallow)

111b

Dog or Cat bite

resulting in
infection
112a

Pasteurella
Multocida (cellulitis
at innoculation site)
112b

Dry Eyes
Dry Mouth
Arthritis
113a

Sjorgen's Syndrome
(AI destruction of
exocrine glands)
113b

Dysphagia (esophageal
webs)
Glossitis
Iron Deficiency Anemia
114a

Plummer-Vinson
Syndrome (may
progress to
esophageal SCC)

114b

Dysplastic squamous
cervical cells with
nuclear enlargement
and hyperchromasia

115a

Koliocytes (HPV:
predisposes to
cervical cancer)
115b

EF
116a

SV / EDV x 100
116b

Effective renal
plasma flow
117a

U pah x (V / P
pah) = C pah
117b

ejection click
118a

aortic/pulmonic
stenosis
118b

Elastic Skin
Hypermobility of
joints
119a

Ehlers-Danlos
syndrome (type 3
collagen defect)
119b

Enlarged cells
with intranuclear
inclusion bodies
120a

"owl eyes"
appearance of
CMV
120b

Enlarged thyroid
cells with ground
glass nuclei
121a

Orphan Annie eye nuclei

(papillary carcinoma of
the thyroid)
121b

Enlarged, Hard left

supraclavicular
node
122a

Virchow's node
(abdominal
metastasis)
122b

Eosinophilic
cytoplasmic
inclusion in nerve
cell

123a

Lewy Body
(Parkinson's
Disease)
123b

Eosinophilic
Globule in liver
124a

Councilman body (toxic

or viral hepatitis, often
yellow fever)
124b

Eosinophilic inclusion
bodies in cytoplasm of
hippocampal nerve cells
125a

Rabies Virus
(Lyssavirus)
125b

Eosinophillic
cytoplasmic
inclusion in liver cell
126a

Mallory Bodies
(Alcoholic liver
disease)
126b

Epidural
hematoma
127a

rupture of Middle
meningeal artery
(crescent shaped)
127b

Erythroderma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical T cells
128a

Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous

T cell lymphoma)
or
Mycosis Fungoides
128b

esophageal
cancer
129a

SCC
(worldwide)
ACC(US)
129b

Extracellular
amyloid deposition
in gray matter of
brain

130a

Senile Plaques
(Alzheimers)
130b

Facial Muscle
spasm upon
tapping CHeek
131a

CHvosteks's sign
(hypocalcemia)
131b

Fat
Femal
Forty
Fertile

132a

Acute
Cholelithiasis (bile
duct blockage)
132b

Fever
Chills
Headache
Myalgia
All following antibiotic tx of
syphillis

133a

Jarisch-Herxheimer
Reaction (rapid lysis of
spirochetes results in
toxin release)
133b

Fever
Cough
Conjunctivitis
Coryza
Diffuse Rash
134a

Measles
134b

Fever
Night Sweats
Wt Loss
135a

B symptoms
(lymphoma)
or
Tb

135b

FF
136a

GFR / RPF
136b

Fibrous Plaques
in soft tissue of
penis
137a

Peyronie's
Disease (CT
disorder)
137b

Food Poisoning
(exotoxin
mediated)
138a

S Aureus
B Cereus
138b

GFR
139a

U inulin x (V / P
inulin) = C inulin
Kf (Pc - Pbs) - (#gc # bs)

139b

Giant B cells with

bilobed nuclei with
prominent inclusions
(owl's eye)

140a

Reed-Sternberg
Cells (Hodgkin's
LYmphoma)
140b

glomerulonephritis
(adults)
141a

berger's disease
(IgA
nephropathy)
141b

Glomerulus like
structure
surrounding vessel
in germ cells

142a

Schiller Duval
Bodies (yolk sac
tumor)
142b

Gout
MR
Self-mutilating
behavior in boy
143a

Lesch-Nyhan
Syndrome (HGPRT
deficiency, X-linked
recessive)

143b

Green yello rings

around
peripheral cornea
144a

Kayser-Fleischer
Rings (copper
accumulation form
Wilson's Disease)

144b

Gynecologic
malignancy
145a

endometrial
carcinoma (most
common)
145b

Hair on end (crew

cut) appearance on
xray
146a

B-thalassemia, sickle cell

anemia (extramedullary
hematopoiesis)
146b

half life
147a

= .7 (Vd) / CL
147b

Hamartomatous GI
polyps
Hyperpigmentation of
mouth/feet/hands
148a

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
(genetic benign polyposis
can cause bowel
obstruction; increased
cancer risk)
148b

Hardy Weinberg
equation
149a

1=p+q
1 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2
149b

hCG elevated
150a

Choriocarcinoma,
hydatiform mole
(occurs with and
without embryo)

150b

heart murmur,
congenital
151a

mitral valve
prolapse
151b

Heart nodules
(inflammatory)
152a

Aschoff bodies
(rheumatic
fever)
152b

heart valve in
bacterial
endocarditis
153a

mitral (rheumatic fever,

tricuspid (IV drug abuse),
aortic (2nd affected in
rheumatic)
153b

Helminth Infection
(US)
154a

enterobius
vermicularis
ascaris lumbricoides
154b

Hemochromatosis
155a

multiple blood transfusions

or hereditary HFE mutation
(can result in CHF, bronze
diabetes, and increased risk
of hepatocellular carcinoma)
155b

Henderson
Hasselbach
156a

pH = pKa + log
[HCO3] / .03Pco2
156b

Hepatocellular
carcinoma
157a

Cirrhotic liver,
Hep B/C
157b

Hepatosplenomegaly
Osteoporosis
Neurologic Symptoms
Crinkled Tissue Paper
cytoplasm
158a

Gaucher's Disease
(glucocerebrosidase
deficiency)
158b

Hereditary
Bleeding Disorder
159a

vWD
159b

Hereditary
harmless jaundice
160a

Gilbert's syndrome
(benign congenital
unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia)
160b

Hereditary nephritis
Sensorineural Hearing loss
Cataracts
Cant see, pee or hear
161a

Alport's syndrome
(type 4 collagen
mutation)
161b

Heterophile
Antibodies
162a

Infectious
Mono (EBV)
162b

Hexagonal, doublepointed, needle like

crystals in bronchial
secretions

163a

Bronchial Asthma
(charcot-leyden
crystals; eosinophilic
granules)

163b

High level of D
Dimers
164a

DVT, PE, DIC

164b

Hilar Lymphadenopathy,
peripheral granulomatous
lesion in middle or lower
lungs (can calcify)
165a

Ghon Focus
(primary TB)
165b

HLA-B27
166a

Ankylosing spondylitis,
Reiters Syndrome,
Ulceratice Colitis, Psoriasis
(Sero negative
arthropathies)
166b

HLA-DR3/DR4
167a

Diabetes
Mellitus Type 1/
RA/ SLE
167b

Holosystolic
Murmur
168a

VSD, Tricuspid
Regurg, MItral
Regurg
168b

Honeycomb
Lung Xray
169a

interstital
fibrosis
169b

Hypercoagulability
Migrating DVTs and
vasculitis
170a

Trousseau's Sign
(adenocarcinoma of
pancreas or lung)
170b

Hypercoagulability,
endothelial damage,
blood stasis
171a

Virchow's Triad
(results in venous
thrombosis)
171b

Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
Hyperdocility

172a

Kluver-Bucy
Syndrome (bilateral
amygdala lesion)
172b

Hypersegmented
neutrophils
173a

Megaloblastic
Anemia (B12
folate deficieny)
173b

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Acidosis
174a

Conn's Syndrome
(1ry
hyperaldosteronism)
174b

Hypertension
Secondary
175a

Renal Disease (renal

artery stenosis, chronic
kidney disease, renal
failure)
175b

Hypochromic
microcytic
anemia
176a

iron deficiency anemia,

lead poisoning,
thalassemia, (HbF
sometimes present)
176b

Hypoparathyroidism
177a

Thyroidectomy (check
serum calcium after
operation) (trousseaus,
chvostek)
177b

Hypopituitarism
178a

Pituitary
adenoma
(usually benign)
178b

Hypoxemia
Polycythemia
Hypercapnia
Blue Bloater
Increased Reed index
179a

Chronic Bronchitis
(hyperplasia of
mucous cells)
179b

IgA defeciency
Sinus and lung infections
1/600 european descent
associated with atopy/asthma
possible anaphylaxis to blood
transfusions and blood products

180a

DONT
TRANSFUSE
180b

IgA deficiency
Cerebellar Ataxia
Poor smooth pursuit of moving target with-eyes
Telangiectasisas of face > 5 yo
Increase cancer risk: lymphoma and acute
leukemias
Radiation sensitivity
Increase AFP in children >8months
Avg age of death 25
181a

AtaxiaTelangiectasia
181b

Impotent phagocytes
Susceptible to organisms with catalase
(staph aureus, E coli, Klebsiella,
aspergillus, candida)
Dx with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye
(no yellow to blue-black oxidation)
prophylactic TMP-SMX, INF-y
182a

CGD (lack of
NADPH oxidase)
182b

Inability of phagocytes to
exit circulation
Delayed separation of
umbilicus
Recurrent infections
183a

Leukocyte Adhesion
Def. Syndrome
(abnormal integrins)
183b

Increased AFP in amniotic

fluid/maternal serum
184a

Ancephaly, Spina
Bifida (NTD)
184b

Increased Uric
acid levels
185a

gout, lesch-nyhan
syndrome, tumor lysis
synrdome, loop and
thiazide diuretics
185b

Indurated ulcerated
genital lesion
painful vs nonpainful
186a

Painful with exudate -->

chancroid (H Ducreyi)
Painless chancre --> 1ry
syphillis (T pallidum)
186b

Infant with failure to thrive

Hepatosplenomegaly
Neurodegeneration
Cherry red macula
187a

Niemann Pick Disease

(genetic
sphingomyelinase
deficiency)
187b

Infant with
hypoglycemia
failure to thrive
hepatomegaly

188a

Cori's Disease
(debranching
enzyme deficiency)
188b

Infant with microcephaly,

rocker bottom feet,
clenched hands, structural
heart defect
189a

Edwards syndrome
(trisomy 18)
189b

Infection
secondary to blood
transfusions
190a

Hepatitis C
190b

Intranuclear
eosinophilic
droplet-like bodies
191a

Cowdry Type A
Bodies (HSV or
yellow fever)
191b

Iron-containing
nodules in
alveolar septum
192a

Ferruginous Bodies
(asbestosis increases chance
of mesothelioma)
192b

Jaundice
RUQ pain
Fever
193a

Charcot's Triad
(ascending
cholangitis)
193b

Keratin pearls
on skin biopsy
194a

Squamous cell
carcinoma
194b

Kidney Stones
195a

Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite = ammonium = radiopaque
(formed by ureae-positive organisms
such as Proteus Vulgaris/staph)
Uric acid = radiolucent (also with
hyperuricemia, leukemia, leschnyhan)
195b

Large lysosomal
vesciles in
phagocytes,
immunodeficiency

196a

Chediak Higashi Disease

(Congenital failure of
phagolysosome
formation)
196b

Large rash with

bull's eye
appearance
197a

erythema chronicum
migrans form Ixodes
tick bite (lyme
disease: borrelia)

197b

Late cyanotic shunt

(R-->L)
198a

Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Caused by ASD, VSD, PDA -> pulmonary
hypertension/polycythemia
198b

liver disease
199a

alcoholic
cirrhosis
199b

Loading Dose
200a

= Cp x Vd/F
200b

Low Serum
ceruloplasmin
201a

Wilson's Disease
(hepatolenticular
degeneration)
201b

Lucid interval after

traumatic brain
injury
202a

epidural hematoma
(middle meningeal
artery rupture)
202b

Lumpy Bumpy
Appearance of
glomeruli on
immunoflourescence

203a

Post-strep
glomerulonephritis (IC
complex deposition of
IgG and C3b)
203b

lysosomal
storage disease
204a

Gaucher's disease
(crinkled paper
cytoplasm)
204b

Lytic (hole
punched) bone
lesions on xray
205a

Multiple
myeloma
205b

Maintenance
dose
206a

= Cp x CL/F
206b

Male cancer
207a

Prostatic Cancer
(Tx with
flutamide)
207b

Male child, recurrent

infections, no mature
B cells
208a

Bruton's Disease (x
linked
agammaglobulinemia)
208b

Malignancy associated with

noninfectious fever
209a

Hodgkins
Lymphoma
209b

Malignant skin
tumor
210a

Basal Cell
Carcinoma (rarely
metastasizes)
210b

Mammary gland
(Blue domed)
cyst
211a

Fibrocystic
change of the
breast
211b

MAP
212a

CO x TPR
1/3 systolic +
2/3 diastolic
212b

Medullary Thyroid
and Parathyroid
tumors,
pheochromocytoma

213a

Sipple's syndrome
(MEN2A)
213b

Mental Retardation
214a

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Down Syndrome
Fragile X
214b

Metastases to Bone
215a

Breast, lung,
thyroid, testes,
prostate, kidney
215b

Metastases to
Brain
216a

Lung, breast, skin,

kidney, GI
216b

Metastases to
liver
217a

Colon, gastric,
pancreatic, breast,
lung carcinoma
217b

Mitral valve
stenosis
218a

rheumatic heart
disease
218b

Mixed (UMN and

LMN) motor
neuron disease
219a

ALS
219b

Monoclonal
antibody spike
220a

Multiple myeloma (called the M protein,

usually IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal Gammopathy of
Undetermined Significance (MGUS) normal consequence of aging
Waldenstroms (M protein = IgM)
macroglobulinemia
Primary Amyloidosis

220b

Monoclonal
globulin protein
in blood/urine
221a

Bence-Jones proteins (multiple

myeloma - kappa or lambda Ig
light chains in urine)
Waldenstroms
Macroglobulinemia
221b

Mucin Filled Cell

with Peripheral
Nucleus
222a

Signet Ring (gastric

carcinoma)
222b

Mucosal bleeding
and prolonged
bleeding time
223a

Glanzmann's
thrombasthenia (defect
in platelet aggregation
due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
223b

Multiple colon polyps,

osteomas/soft tissue
tumors,
impacted/supernumerary
teeth
224a

Gardner's
Syndrome
(subtype of FAP)
224b

Myocarditis
225a

coxsackie or
echovirus
225b

Narrowing of bowel
lumen on barium
radiograph
226a

String Sign (crohn

disease)
226b

Necrotizing vasculitis
(lungs) and necrotizing
glomerulonephritis
227a

Wegener's (c-ANCA +)
(upper airway, soft
palate affected as well)
Goodpastures (anti-BM)
227b

Needle shaped,
negatively
birefringent crystals
228a

Gout
(Hyperuricemia)
228b

Neonate with arm

paralysis following
difficult birth
229a

Erb Duchenne Palsy

(superior trunk (C5-C6)
brachial plexus injury
(waiters tip))
229b

Neoplasm (kids)
230a

ALL
Cerbellar - astrocytoma
(perivascular pseudorosettes)
230b

Nephrotic sydnrome
(adults)
231a

membranous
231b

Nephrotic
syndrome (kids)
232a

minimal change disease

(associated with
infections/vaccinations; treat
with corticosteroids)
232b

Net filtration
pressure
233a

Pnet = [Pc - Pi]

- [#c - #i]
233b

No lactation
postpartum, absent
menstruation, cold
intolerance

234a

Sheehan's
syndrome (pituitary
infarction)
234b

Nodular hyaline
deposits in
glomeruli
235a

Kimmelstiel-Wilson
nodules (diabetic
nephropathy)
235b

Nosocomial
pneumonia
236a

Klebsiella, E Coli,
Pseudomonas, S
aureus
236b

NPV
237a

TN / TN + FN
237b

number needed
to harm
238a

1 / attributable
risk
238b

numbers needed to
treat
239a

1 / absolute risk
reduction
239b

Nutmeg
appearance of
liver
240a

Chronic passive
congestion of liver due to
right heart failure
240b

Nystagmus,
intention tremor,
scanning speech,
bilateral INO

241a

MS
(charcot's triad)
241b

Obstruction of
male urinary
tract
242a

BPH (tx with

Finasteside and
alpha blocker)
242b

Onion skin
periosteal
reaction
243a

Ewing's Sarcoma
(malignant round
cell tumor)
243b

Opening Snap
244a

Mitral Stenosis
244b

Opportunistic
infection in
AIDS
245a

Pneumocystis Jiroveci
(Carinii) Pneumonia
(tx TMP-SMX) when CD
< 200 or Dapsone
245b

Oscillating
slow/fast
breathing
246a

Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(central apnea in CHF or
Increased Intracranial
pressure)
246b

Osteomyelitis
247a

S aureus
247b

Osteomyelitis in
sickle cell
patients
248a

Salmonella
248b

Osteomyelitis
with IV drug use
249a

Staph Aureus,
Pseudomonas
249b

Ovarian Metastases
from gastric
carcinoma or breast
cancer

250a

Krukenberg Tumor)
(mucin-secreting
signet ring cell)
250b

Ovarian tumor
benign
251a

serous
cystadenoma
251b

ovarian tumor
malignant
252a

serous
cystadenocarcinoma
(psammoma bodies,
Ca-125)

252b

Painful blue
fingers/toes,
hemolytic anemia
253a

Cold agglutinin disease (AI

hemolytic anemia caused
by Mycoplasma
Pneumoniae, infectious
mononucleosis)
253b

Painful, pale,
cold fingers/toes
254a

Raynaud's syndrome
(vasospasm in
extremities)
254b

painful, raised, red

lesions on palms and
soles
255a

Osler's Nodes
(infective
endocarditis)
255b

Painless
erythematous lesions
on palms and soles
256a

Janeway lesions
(infective
endocarditis)
256b

Painless
jaundice
257a

cancer of the
pancreatic head
obstructing bile duct
257b

Palapable purpura,
joint pain, abdominal
pain (child)
258a

Henoch-Schonlein
Purpura (IgA vasculitis
affecting skin and
kidneys)
258b

Pancreatic, Pituitary,
Parathyroid Tumors
259a

3 Ps of MEN1
Wermer's Syndrome
259b

Pancreatitis
(acute)
260a

gallstones, alcohol
(hyper TG or
hypoCa)
260b

Pancreatitis
(chronic)
261a

alcohol (adults), CF
(kids)
261b

Patient with
ALL/CLL/AML/CML
262a

ALL - kids
CLL > 60
AML > 60
CML 35-50
262b

Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease
263a

Neisseria gonorrheae
(monoarticular arthritis)
or chalmydia
263b

Periosteum raised
from bone, creating
triangular area
264a

Codman's Triangle on
Xray (osteosarcoma,
Ewing's Sarcoma,
pyogenic osteomyelitis)
264b

Philadelphia
chromosome
265a

CML
T 9:22
May be associated
with ALL/AML

265b

Physiologic dead
space
266a

Vd = Vt x (Paco2
- Peco2) / Paco2
266b

Pink complexion,
dyspnea
hyperventilation
Pink Puffer

267a

Emphysema
Centroacinar (smoking)
Panacinar (alpha 1 antitrypsin)
267b

Pituitary Tumor
268a

Prolactinoma ->
hypogonad, amenorrhea or
bilateral hemianopsia
Somatotropic acidophillic
adenoma
268b

PMNs fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli

(C5a, LTB4)
High levels of IgE and Eosinophils
Eczema
Recurrent cold staph aureus abscesses
Course facial features (broad nose, prominent
frontal bossing, deep set eyes, doughy skin)
Retained primary teeth resulting in 2 rows of
teeth
269a

Jobs syndroms
Hyperimmunoglobulin E
syndrome
(deficient INF-y)
269b

Podocyte fusion
on EM
270a

minimal change
disease (child with
nephrotic syndrome)
270b

Polished, ivory like

appearance of bone at
cartilage erosion
271a

Eburnation
(osteoarthritis
resulting in bony
sclerosis)

271b

Polyuria, acidosis,
growth failure
electrolyte
imbalances

272a

Fanconi Syndrome
(proximal tubular
reabsorption defect)
272b

Positive Anterior
Drawer Sign
273a

Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)
injury
273b

PPV
274a

TP / TP + FP
274b

Primary amenorrhea
275a

Turner Syndrome
(XO) streak ovaries,
webbing of neck
275b

Primary bone tumor

(audlts)
276a

multiple
myeloma
276b

Primary
hyperaldosteronism
277a

adenoma of adrenal
cortex (increased
aldosterone/cortisol)
277b

Primary
hyperparathyroidism
278a

adenomas
hyperplasia
carcinoma
278b

Primary liver
cancer
279a

hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis,
cirrhosis,
hemochromatosis, alpha-1antitrypsin)
279b

Protein aggregates in neuorns

from hyperphosphorylation of
protein tau
280a

Neurofibrillary
Tangles (alzheimers
and CJD)
280b

Pseudopalisading
tumor cells on
brain biopsy
281a

Glioblastomaa
Multiforme
281b

Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
282a

Horner's syndrome
(sympathetic chain lesion)
(from pancoast tumor of
lung)
282b

Pupil
accomodates but
doesnt react
283a

Argyll Robertson
Pupil
(neurosyphillis)
Prostitutes pupil

283b

Rapidly progressive leg

weakness that ascends
(following GI/Upper Resp
infection) (ascending
paralysis)
284a

Guillain Barre syndrome

(AI acute inflammatory
demyelinating
polyneuropathy)
284b

Rash on palms and

soles
285a

Secondary Syphillis
Rocky mountain spotted
fever
Coxsackie (Hand foot and
mouth disease)
285b

RBC casts in urine

286a

Acute
glomerulonephritis
286b

RBF
287a

RPF / 1 - hct
287b

Rectangular, crystal-like,
cytoplasmic inclusions in
Leydig Cells
288a

Reinke Crystals
(Leydig cell
Tumor)
288b

Recurrent colds
truncal eczema
high serum IgE
289a

Job's syndrome (hyperIgE syndrome:

neutrophil chemotaxis
abnormality)
289b

Recurrent
inflammation/thrombosis of
small/medium vessels in
extremities
290a

Buerger's Disease (strongly

associated with tobacco)
(raynaud's)
290b

Red currant jelly

sputum in alcoholic
or diabetic patients
291a

Klebsiella
Pneumoniae
291b

Red urine in the

morning, fragile
RBCs
292a

Paroxysmal Nocturnal
Hemoglobinuria
(CD 55/59 deficiency)
(complement attacks RBC)
292b

Red, itchy, swollen

rash of nipple/areola
293a

Paget's disease of the

breast (represents
underlying neoplasm)
293b

Relative Risk
294a

(a / a+b) / (c/
c+d)
294b

Renal cell carcinoma

Hemangioblastomas
Angiomatosis
Pheochromocytoma
295a

Von Hippel-LIndau
Disease (dominant
TSG mutation)
295b

Renal Epithelial
casts in urine
296a

Acute toxic/viral
nephrosis
296b

Renal Tumor
297a

Renal cell carcinoma: associated

with von-hippel-lindau and
adult polycystic kidney disease;
paraneoplastic syndromes
(erythropoietin, renin, PTH,
ACTH)

297b

Resistance
298a

driving pressure /
flow
8 (viscosity) (length)
/ pi r^4

298b

Resting tremor (pill rolling)

Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural Instability
299a

Parkinsons Disease
(nigrostriatal
dopamine depletion)
299b

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
(juvenile form =
cardiomegaly) exercise
intolerance
300a

Pompe's Disease
(lysosomal
glucosidase
deficiency)

300b

Retinal
hemorrhages
with pale centers
301a

Roth's Spots (bacterial

endocarditis)
(janeway, oslers, splinter
hemorrhages also associated
with endocarditis)
301b

Rhomboid
crystals, positively
birefringent
302a

Pseudogout (calcium
pyrophosphate
dihydrate)
302b

Rib notching
303a

Coarctation of the
aorta
303b

Right heart
failure due to a
pulmonary cause
304a

Cor pulmonale
304b

Rusty currant jelly

sputum
305a

Strep
pneumoniae
305b

s3 (protodiastolic
gallop)
306a

increased ventricular
filling (L--> R shunt,
mitral regurgiation,
LV failure, CHF)

306b

s4 (presystolic
gallop, atrial kick)
307a

stiff/hypertrophic
ventricle (aortic stenosis,
restrictive
cardiomyopathy)
307b

Secondary
Hyperparathyroidism
308a

Hypocalcemia of chronic
kidney disease (increase
PTH but low Ca and low
phosphate)
308b

Sensitivity
309a

TP / TP + FN
309b

Severe jaundice in
neonate
310a

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
(congenital unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia) (not
only cause, not high yield)
310b

Severe RLQ pain with

rebound tenderness
311a

McBurney's Sign
(appendicitis)
McBurney's pt = 2/3
umbilicus to RT ASIS
311b

Sheets of medium sized

lymphoid cells (starry
sky appearance on
histology)
312a

Burkitts lymphoma
(t:8-14, c-myc
activation, EBC)
312b

Short Stature
Increased incidence of
tumors/leukemia
Aplastic anemia
313a

Fanconi's Anemia
(genetically
inherited, often
progress to AML)

313b

SIADH
314a

small cell carcinoma of

the lung
(hyponatremia)
314b

Silver-staining spherical
aggregation of tau
proteins in neurons
315a

Pick Bodies (PIck's

disease: progressive
dementia, similar to
Alzheimers)

315b

Single palm crease

316a

Simian crease (down

syndrome)
(chromosome 21
trisomy)

316b

site of
diverticula
317a

sigmoid colon
317b

sites of
atherosclerosis
318a

abdominal aorta >

coronary > popliteal
? carotid
318b

Skin
hyperpigmentation
319a

Addison's disease (primary

adrenocortical insufficiency
of AI) (infectious etiology
in world)
319b

Slow, progressive
muscle weakness in
boys
320a

Becker's Muscular
Dystrophy (X linked,
defective dystrophin, less
severe than Duchenne's)
320b

Small irregular red spots

on buccal/lingual
mucosa with blue-white
centers
321a

Koplik spots
(measles)
(also think cough,
coryza, conjunctivitis)
321b

Smooth, flat, moist

white lesions on
genitals
322a

Condylomata
lata (2ry
syphillis)
322b

Soap bubble in
femur on tibia on
xray
323a

giant cell tumor of

bone (generally
benign)
323b

Specificity
324a

TN / TN + FP
324b

Spikes on basement
membrane
dome like
endothelial deposits

325a

membranous
glomerulonephritis (may
progress to nephrotic
syndrome)
325b

Splinter
hemorrhages in
fingernails
326a

Bacterial
endocarditis
326b

Stacks of RBCs
327a

Rouleaux formation
(high ESR, multiple
myeloma)
327b

Stippled vaginal
epithelial cells
328a

Clue Cells
(gardnerella
vaginalis)
328b

Stomach
Cancer
329a

Adenocarcinoma
329b

Stomach ulcerations
and high gastrin
levels
330a

Zollinger-Ellison
Syndrome (gastrinoma
of duodenum of
pancreas)
330b

strawberry
tongue
331a

scarlet fever (strep pyogenes)

(also rash seen)
Kawasaki disease
(TSS is low yield DDX)
331b

streak ovaries
congenital heart disease
(aortic coarctation)
horseshoe kidney
332a

Turner syndrome
(45XO, short stature,
webbed neck,
lymphedema)
332b

Subdural
hematoma
333a

rupture of bridging
veins (Trauma)
(lentiform shaped)
333b

sudden
swollen/painful big
toe joint, tophi
334a

Gout/podagra
(hyperuricemia)
tophi = urate crystals
aggregated
334b

SV
335a

EDV - ESV
335b

swollen gums, mucous

bleeding, poor wound
healing, spots on skin
336a

scurvy (vit c deficiency cant hydroxylate

proline/lysine for
collagen synthesis)
336b

swollen, hard,
painful finger joints
337a

osteoarthritis
(osteophytes on PIP
(bouchard's nodes), DIP
(heberden's nodes)
337b

systolic ejection
murmur
(crescendodescrescendo)

338a

aortic valve
stenosis
338b

T cell dysfunction vs
C Albicans
Tx with Ketoconazole
339a

Chronic
mucocutaneous
Candidiasis
339b

t(8:14)
340a

burkitt's
lymphoma (cmyc activation)
340b

t(9:22)
341a

philadelphia
chromosome; CML; (bcrabl hybrid)
341b

t(11:22)
342a

Ewings sarcoma
342b

t(14:18)
343a

follicular
lymphomas (bcl2 activation)
343b

Temporal
Arteritis
(increased ESR)
344a

risk of ipsilateral blindness due

to thrombosis of ophthalmic
artery; polymyalgia
rheumatica
344b

Tennis Racked shaped

cytoplasmic organelles (EM)
in langerhans cells
345a

Birbeck Granules
(histiocytosis X:
eosionophilic
granuloma)
345b

Testicular
Tumor
346a

seminoma
346b

Thrombi made
of white/red
layers
347a

Lines of Zahn (arterial

thrombus, layers of
platelets/RBCs)
347b

thrombocytopenia and purpura

trunk eczema
recurrent pyogenic infections
X-linked
low IgM, High IgA
348a

Wiskott Aldrich
Immunodeficiency
(WAITER)
348b

Thumb Sign on
lateral xray
349a

epiglottitis (H
influenzae)
349b

thyroid cancer
350a

papillary
carcinoma
350b

Thyroid-like
appearance of
kindey
351a

Chronic
Bacterial
Pyelonephritis
351b

Toe
extension/fanning
upon plantar scrape
352a

Babinski's sign
(UMN lesion)
352b

Tram-Track
Appearance on LM
353a

Membranoproliferative
glomerulonephritis
353b

Triglyceride
accumulation in liver
cell vacuoles
354a

Fatty liver disease

(alcoholic or
metabolic syndrome)
354b

tumor in
women
355a

leiomyoma (estrogen
dependent)
355b

Tumor of
infancy
356a

hemangioma
(usually regresses
spontaneously by
childhood)

356b

tumor of the
adrenal medulla
(adults)
357a

pheochromocytoma
(usually benign)
357b

tumor of the
adrenal medulla
(kids)
358a

neuroblastoma
(malignang) - HomerWright
358b

Type of
Hodgkins
359a

nodular sclerosis (vs mixed

cellularity, lymphocytic
predominance, lyphocytic
depletion)
359b

Type of nonhodgkins
360a

Diffuse large
cell
360b

Unilateral facial
drooping involving
forehead
361a

Bell's Palsy (LMN CN VII

Palsy)
Bilateral Bells palsy (GBS or
Lyme Disease)
361b

Urethritis
Conjunctivitiis
arthritis in a male
362a

Reiter's Syndrome (reactive

arthritis assoc with HLAB27)
cant see, pee or climb a tree
362b

UTI
363a

Ecoli, Staph
sapro (young
women)
363b

Vascular birthmark
(port-wine stain) (does
not regress with age)
364a

Hemangioma (benign, but

associated with SturgeWeber Syndrome opthalamic division of
trigeminal nerve)
364b

Vasculitis from exposure

to endotoxin causing
glomerular thrombosis
365a

Shwartzman Reaction
(following second
exposure to endotoxin)
365b

Viral encephalitis
affecting temporal
lobe
366a

HSV
366b

vitamin deficiency
(US)
367a

folic acid
367b

Volume of
Distribution
368a

= amount of drug in
body / plasma
concentration
368b

Vomiting blood
following esophagogastric lacerations
369a

Mallory-Weiss syndrome
(alcoholic and bulimic patients)
(concerning)
Boerhave syndrome (complete
rupture of esophagus) (lifethreatening)
369b

Waxy casts with

very low urine
flow
370a

chronic end stage

renal disease
370b

WBC casts in urine

371a

acute pyelonephritis
cystitis = no WBC
casts

371b

WBCs that look

smudged
372a

CLL (almost always B

cell; affect the elderly)
372b

Weight loss,
diarrhea, arthritis,
fever, adeonpathy
373a

Whipple's
Disease (gram +
T. Whippelii)
373b

Wire loop
glomerular
appearance on LM
374a

Lupus
Nephropathy
374b

Worst headache
of my life
375a

subarachnoid
hemorrhage
375b

X linked (boys)
B cell deficiency --> defective
TK gene --> low levels of all
Ig's
Recurrent bacterial infections
376a

Bruton's
Agammaglobulinemia
376b

Yellow CSF
377a

Xanthochromia
(subarachnoid
hemorrhage)
377b