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Adenoviruses

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Adenovirus
Dr Sampurna Roy MD
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Adenoviruses were first isolated in 1953 by Rowe and co-workers from


human adenoids removed at surgery.
There are 51 immunologically distinct human adenovirus serotypes - (6
species: Human adenovirus A through F). Many serotypes are not linked
to a specific disease.
Human adenoviruses have a capsid with icosahedral symmetry.
Rodlike structures with knobs at the ends protrude from the capsid.

Image Link [This image shows gold clusters (bright yellow) bound to the
knob protein on adenovirus.]
The genome of the virus is a double-stranded DNA linear molecule.

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When infecting cells in vitro, adenoviruses are capable of lytic infection,


latent infection, and transformation.
Because of the ability to transform cells and to produce tumours in
rodents, they have been considered possible human tumour viruses, but
up to now there has been no evidence that links adenoviruses to human
tumours.
Adenoviruses are associated with the following diseases : coryza and
pharyngitis in infants ; upper respiratory disease, pharyngoconjunctival
fever, and hemorrhagic cystitis in children, acute respiratory disease and
pneumonia in young adults ; and epidermic keratoconjunctivitis and
pneumonia in immunocompromised and normal adults.
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pneumonia in immunocompromised and normal adults.


Adenoviruses that are difficult to culture have been associated wih 7% to
17% of cases of diarrhea in children.

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Adenovirus pneumonia is characterized by necrotizing bronchitis and

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Roy:

bronchiolitis.

Image1 ; Image2 ; Image3 ; Image4 ; Image5 .


There is intense necrosis and desquamation of the respiratory epithelium
into the bronchial lumens.

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These foci of bronchiolitis are surrounded by areas of consolidation,


hemorrhage, and atelectasis.
At low power the appearance may be confused with the bacterial
bronchopneumonia .
In the areas of consolidation and among the necrotizing bronchiolar
epithelial lesions, cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies may be found.
In the early stages cytopathic effects are manifested by granular, slightly
enlarged nuclei containing eosinophilic bodies intermixed with clumped
basophilic chromatin.
The eosinophilic bodies coalesce, forming larges masses to end as a
central, granular, ill-defined mass surrounded by a halo.
The second type of inclusion, which is more common and probably
corresponds to a late-stage infected cell, is designated the smudge
cell.
The nucleus is rounded or ovoid, large, and completely occupied by a
granular amphophilic to deeply basophilic mass.
There is no halo, and the nuclear membrane and nucleus are indistinct.
Electron microscopy of the lung demonstrates viral particles in the
bronchiolar and alveolar lining cells.

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Adenovirus isolation rates in acute flaccid paralysis patients.
Evaluation of Type-Specific Real-Time PCR Assays Using the
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LightCycler and J.B.A.I.D.S. for Detection of Adenoviruses in Species
here.
HAdV-C.
Use of Recombinant Adenovirus Vectored Consensus IFN- to Avert Severe
Arenavirus Infection.

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Adenovirus infection in paediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation


recipients is a major independent factor for significantly increasing the
risk of treatment related mortality.
Occurrence of water-borne enteric viruses in two settlements based in
Eastern Chad: analysis of hepatitis E virus, hepatitis A virus and human
adenovirus in water sources.
Detection of three human adenovirus species in adults with acute
respiratory infection in China.
Adenovirus-36 Seropositivity Enhances Effects of Nutritional Intervention
on Obesity, Bright Liver, and Insulin Resistance.

Abstracts:
Adenovirus-induced thrombocytopenia: The role of von Willebrand factor
and P-selectin in mediating accelerated platelet clearance.Blood. 2006
Dec 5;
Adenovirus fulminant hepatic failure: disseminated adenovirus disease
after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute
lymphoblastic leukemia.Intern Med. 2006;45(16):975-80.
The persistence of infectious adenovirus (type 35) in mussels (Mytilus
edulis) and oysters (Ostrea edulis).Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Nov 30;
Acute meningoencephalitis caused by adenovirus serotype 26.
J Neurovirol. 2006 Jun;12(3):235-40.

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Adenovirus tubulointerstitial nephritis presenting as a renal allograft


space occupying lesion.Am J Transplant. 2005 Aug;5(8):2062-6
Acute adenoviral infection of a graft by serotype 35 following renal
transplantation.Pathol Res Pract. 2003;199(8):565-70
High levels of adenovirus DNA in serum correlate with fatal outcome of

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Ascariasis
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Anthrax Infection
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High levels of adenovirus DNA in serum correlate with fatal outcome of


adenovirus infection in children after allogeneic stem-cell
transplantation.Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Sep 1;35(5):526-32. Epub 2002 Jul 31

Avian Influenza

Late fatal adenovirus pneumonitis in a lung transplant recipient.


Transplantation. 1998 Feb 27;65(4):592-4.

Blackwater Fever

Adenovirus pneumonia in lung transplant recipients.Hum Pathol. 1995


Oct;26(10):1073-9
Necrotizing tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with adenovirus
infection. Hum Pathol. 1991 Dec;22(12):1225-31.

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