Vai S1787

by
David M. Levine, Ph.D.
Video Aided Instruction, Inc.

Roslyn Heights, New York
For more information, call 1-800-238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction.com.
Statistics
Study Guide
This study guide should be used along with a program published by Video Aided Instruction, Inc.
#VAI-S1787
v1.1
Statistics Study Guide
Statistics
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2
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Introduction

PART 1 Definitions
For each of the following variables, indicate whether the variable is quantitative or qualitative. If the variable is quantitative, indicate whether it is discrete or continuous.
1. Ownership of a CD player.
2. The number of albums and discs purchased in the last year.
3. The playing length of the last album or disc purchased.
4. Favorite type of music.
PART 2 Review of Summation Notation

1. Given the following:
Y
Compute:
(a)
(b)
Xi
(c)
Xi
(d)
(d)
(X
2
i
(e)
(e)
cX , where c = 2
X iYi
2. Given the following:

X
Compute:
(a)
(f)
X
(X
(b)
Xi
(c)
X iYi
Yi )
4)
Copyright 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PART 3 Descriptive Statistics
1. The following data represent the pulse rates (in beats per minute) of a sample of incoming freshmen at the time of their medical examinations:
49, 74, 66, 68, 78, 53, 57, 62, 61, 66
In (a)(k), compute:
arithmetic mean
(b) median
(c)
mode
(d) first quartile (Q1)
(e)
(f)
range
(g) variance
(h) standard deviation
(i)
coefficient of variation
(j)
(l)
Based on the results in (a)(k), indicate whether the distribution is right-skewed, symmetric,
or left-skewed.
third quartile (Q 3)
midrange
(k) midhinge
(m) Set up a box-and-whisker plot for these data.

2. The following data represent the cost of a lunch time Deluxe Hamburger Special, consisting of
a hamburger, french fries, and regular soft drink at a sample of 15 coffee shops within a 10-block
radius of a large urban college.
Coffee Shop
Cost ($)
Coffee Shop
Cost ($)
4.75
4.60
4.30
4.85
4.05
4.75
4.55
4.55
4.60
4.90
3.90
4.55
5.25
4.95
4.65
Compute:
(a)
arithmetic mean
(b) variance
(c)
standard deviation
(d) coefficient of variation
(e) median
(f)
mode
(g) first quartile (Q1)
(h) third quartile (Q 3)
(i)
range
(j)
(k) midhinge
midrange
(a)

3. The commuting time of a population of employees of a large company has a population mean of
45 minutes and a population standard deviation of 8 minutes.
At least 75% of the employees will have commuting times between what two values?
(b) At least what percentage of the employees will have commuting times between
33 and 57 minutes?
ERRATUM NOTICE
In the very last step of the solution for Part 3, question 3, part (b), the writing on the chalkboard in the video includes
a typographical error which causes the instructor to misstate the correct answer to this question. The calculation of the
1
expression 1
should have yielded ~.5556 (not ~.8889 as written on the chalkboard). Thus, the correct answer
2
(1.5)
should have been stated as approximately 55.56%. We sincerely apologize for any confusion that this error may cause.
PART 4 Data Presentation: Tables & Charts

1. The following data represent the grade point averages (GPAs) of a sample of 50 freshmen at the
end of their first year of study.
GPAs of 50 Freshmen
(a)
1.95
3.42
3.97
3.56
2.94
2.04
3.07
3.94
2.54
1.64
3.14
3.77
1.80
2.32
3.44
2.21
2.96
3.98
2.59
3.30
2.82
2.98
3.99
3.50
2.46
2.87
3.35
2.18
3.33
1.93
3.45
3.26
3.00
3.09
2.60
2.86
3.72
3.32
2.77
2.95
2.15
2.38
3.66
3.02
2.28
2.70
3.85
2.75
2.59
3.15
Construct a frequency distribution of the GPA values using 1.6 to under 2.0 as the first class,
2.0 to under 2.4 as the second class, , and 3.6 to under 4.0 as the last class.
(b) Form the relative frequency distribution.

(c)
Form the percentage distribution.
(d) Form the cumulative percentage distribution.

(e)
Plot the histogram.
(f)
Plot a percentage polygon.
(g) Plot the cumulative percentage polygon (ogive).
5
(a)

2. The following data represent the interest rate (in percentage points of interest per year) provided
by 6-month certificates of deposit at a sample of 200 savings banks in a particular state.
5.5 under 6.0
39
6.0 under 6.5
56
6.5 under 7.0
47
7.0 under 7.5
33
7.5 under 8.0
15
8.0 under 8.5
10
Total:
200
(a)
Frequency
Approximate the arithmetic mean of this frequency distribution.
(b) Approximate the standard deviation of this frequency distribution.

(c)
Form the percentage distribution.
(d) Form the cumulative percentage distribution.

(e)
Plot the histogram.
(f)
Plot a percentage polygon.
(g) Plot the cumulative percentage polygon (ogive).
3. A sample of 50 students was asked to indicate their preference for various types of soft drinks. The
results were as follows:
Soft Drink
Cola
27
Lemon-Lime
Orange
Root Beer
Other
6
Total:
(a)
Frequency
50
Compute the percentage preferring each type of soft drink.
(b) Construct a bar chart.

(c)
Construct a pie chart.
Interest Rate

PART 5 Normal Distribution & Sampling Distribution of the Mean
What is the probability that Z is between 0 and 1.24?
(b) What is the probability that Z is less than 1.24?

(c)
What is the probability that Z is greater than 1.73?
(d) What is the probability that Z is between 1.24 and 1.73?

(e)
What is the probability that Z is less than 1.24 or greater than 1.73?
(f)
What is the probability that Z is between 1.24 and 1.24?
(g) What is the probability that Z is less than 1.24 or greater than 1.73?
(h) What is the value of Z if 67.36% of all the values are larger?
(i)
What is the value of Z if 2.5% of all the values are larger?
(j)
Between what two values of Z (symmetrically distributed around the mean) will 76.2%
of all the values be contained?
2. The amount of tea used daily at a local Chinese restaurant is normally distributed with a mean of
8500 ounces and a standard deviation of 800 ounces.
(a)
What is the probability that on a randomly selected day the amount used will be between
8500 and 9100 ounces?
(b) What is the probability that on a randomly selected day the amount used will be more than
9100 ounces?
(c)
What is the probability that on a randomly selected day the amount used will be between
6500 and 7500 ounces?
(d) What is the probability that on a randomly selected day the amount used will be less than
6500 ounces or more than 7500 ounces?
(e)
On 85% of the days, the amount of tea used will be more than how many ounces?
3. A multiple choice test is given in which there are 4 possible answers for each of 25 questions. Suppose that a student is not familiar with the test material and has decided to randomly guess the
answer to each question (there is no penalty for incorrect guesses). In the absence of any other
information, the student assumes that each of the 4 possible answers is equally likely to occur.
(a)
On the average, how many questions would you expect the student to answer correctly
out of the 25 questions?
(b) What is the approximate probability that the student will answer exactly 10 questions
correctly?
(c)
What is the approximate probability that the student will answer at least 10 questions
correctly?
(d) What is the approximate probability that the student will answer between 5 and 8 questions
(inclusive) correctly?
7
(a)
1. Given a standardized normal distribution (with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1):

4. The amount of tea used daily at a local Chinese restaurant is normally distributed with a mean of
8500 ounces and a standard deviation of 800 ounces. If a random sample of 64 days is selected:
what is the probability that the sample mean will exceed 8673 ounces?
(b) what is the probability that the sample mean will be between 8300 and 8700 ounces?
(c)
between what two values (symmetrically distributed around the population mean) will
92.98% of the sample means be contained?
5. Suppose that the cholesterol level of ten-year-old girls is normally distributed with a mean of 175
and a standard deviation of 20. A sample of 25 ten-year-old girls is selected.
(a)
What is the probability that the sample mean cholesterol level will be above 185?
(b) Between what two values (symmetrically distributed around the population mean) will 95% of
all the sample means be contained?
PART 6 Confidence Intervals & Sample Size Determination

1. Suppose that the scores on a certain IQ test are known to be normally distributed with a population standard deviation of 15. If a sample of 25 scores indicates a sample mean of 106, set up a 95%
confidence interval estimate of the population average IQ score.
49, 74, 66, 68, 78, 53, 57, 62, 61, 66
Set up a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population average pulse rate of incoming
freshmen.
3. The management of a car dealership conducted a telephone survey to determine the proportion of
customers who were satisfied with services performed on their cars in the past month. A random
sample of 100 customers indicated that 59 reported that they were satisfied. Set up a 90% confidence interval estimate of the population proportion of customers who were satisfied with their
service.
4. A random sample of 75 children was interviewed upon leaving an aquarium; 45 reported that the
seals were their favorite aquatic creature. Set up a 99% confidence interval estimate of the population proportion of children visiting the aquarium who prefer the seals.
5. The Board of Trustees of the Scholarship Fund of a local high school would like to estimate the contributions that can be expected from past contributors in the upcoming year. The chairperson of
the committee would like to have 95% confidence of estimating the true average amount donated
to within $5. Based on last years contributions, the standard deviation is estimated as $17. What
sample size should be selected?
8
(a)
6. A researcher for a public interest group would like to estimate the proportion of adults over the
age of 18 in a particular community who are not registered to vote. She wishes to have 95%
confidence of being correct to within .06 of the true population proportion. Previous surveys in
other communities have indicated a proportion of .35. What sample size should be selected?
7. The Market Research Director for a large department store would like to study mens spending per
year on dress shirts.
A survey is to be sent to a sample of the stores credit card holders to determine the average
yearly amount that men spend on dress shirts. If the market researcher wanted to have 99%
confidence of estimating the true average to within $10 and the standard deviation is
assumed to be $28 (based on previous studies), what sample size is needed?
(b) A survey is to be sent to a sample of the stores credit card holders to determine the
population proportion of men whose dress shirts are primarily purchased by themselves. If the
market researcher wishes to have 90% confidence of estimating the true proportion to within
.04, what sample size is needed?
(c)
Suppose the department store has 2,000 credit card holders. What would be your answer in
part (a)?
(d) Suppose the department store has 2,000 credit card holders. What would be your answer in
part (b)?
8. Suppose that in problem 3 of this part, there was a population of 800 customers. Recalculate the
confidence interval developed there.
PART 7 One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

1. Suppose that scores on a certain aptitude test were known to have a population mean of
100 and a population standard deviation of 10. A new version of the test is to be given to a sample
of 50 students who have been carefully selected to represent a cross-section of the population of
students who would be taking the test. The average score of this sample test was 101.1. Assuming
that the population standard deviation had not changed from the previous test, at the .05 level
of significance, is there any evidence that the average score on the new test would be different
from 100?
49, 74, 66, 68, 78, 53, 57, 62, 61, 66
At the .01 level of significance, is there evidence that the average pulse rate of incoming freshmen
is different from 50 beats per minute?
3. An investigator for a State Highway Department needed to test the speed of cars on a particular
section of an interstate highway in order to qualify for federal highway funds. Suppose that a
sample of 30 cars taken at a particular point on the highway revealed a sample average speed of
61.3 miles per hour with a sample standard deviation of 9.7 miles per hour. At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence that the population average speed is greater than 55 miles per hour?
9
(a)
5. The Home Mortgage Department of a bank has just instituted a new system to streamline the process of a decision concerning the approval of a home mortgage equity loan. Under the old system,
75% of the applications had final decisions made within 30 days. A random sample of 100 applications processed under the new system revealed that 87 had decisions made within 30 days. At the
.05 level of significance, is there evidence that the proportion of applications in which decisions are
made within 30 days has increased under the new system?
6. Find the p-value in problem 1 of this part, and use the p-value approach to reject or to not reject
the null hypothesis.
7. Find the p-value in problem 5 of this part, and use the p-value approach to reject or to not reject
the null hypothesis.
PART 8 Testing Differences Between the Means of Two Groups

1. Suppose that we wanted to study sales of annual plants at two branches of a large garden supply
chain. Samples of customers were selected with the following results:
Branch A
Branch B
11.73
9.94
6.32
5.14
42
26
At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the average sales between
Branch A and Branch B?
10
4. An admissions officer of a college wanted to determine whether the proportion of entering freshmen who indicated a desire to major in Business had changed in the past year. A random sample
of 200 of this years freshmen indicated that 77 expressed a desire to major in Business. At the .01
level of significance, is there evidence of a change from last year in which the population proportion was .40?
Patient
Before
After
236
221
257
248
204
205
229
198
288
269
253
230
235
218
275
249
240
227
10
216
207
11
226
219
12
264
252
At the .01 level of significance, is there evidence that the average cholesterol level is higher
before the medication was taken that at the conclusion of the clinical trial?
3. A career guidance counselor at a large university wanted to study the scores on the mathematics
section of a standard aptitude test for Liberal Arts and for Business majors. A sample of 25 students
from each type of major was selected with the following results:
Major
Liberal Arts
Business
473.6
521.8
138.1
125.9
25
25
At the .01 level of significance, is there evidence that the average mathematics score is lower
for Liberal Arts majors than for Business majors?
11
Cholesterol Levels
2. A pharmaceutical company wanted to determine the effectiveness of a new drug in lowering the
cholesterol level of patients with current levels of at least 200. A clinical trial of the new drug was
conducted on a sample of 12 patients with the following results:
Game
Child
21
34
29
22
23
29
35
43
19
25
25
25
29
39
23
21
27
32
10
18
20
At the .05 level of significance, is there any evidence of a difference in the average price that would
be paid for the two video games?
PART 9 Testing for Proportions & Chi-Square Tests

1. The owner of a car dealership conducted a survey to determine whether there was a gender difference in ones satisfaction with the service received. A sample of 100 women showed that 65 were
satisfied, while a sample of 100 men showed that 80 were satisfied. At the .01 level of significance,
is there any evidence of a difference in satisfaction with service between men and women?
2. Do problem 1 of this part using the chi-square test.
12
4. The Research Director for a company that develops video games wanted to determine which one
of two video games should have marketing priority. An experiment was devised in which 10 youngsters ranging in age from eight to fifteen years were allowed to play each game on a particular
video game system for a particular period of time. After playing each game (the order of which
game was played first was randomized for each child), the child indicated the amount of money (in
dollars) that he or she would be willing to pay for the game. The results were as follows:
Favor
East
South
Midwest
West
Total
Yes
215
125
146
92
578
No
185
75
54
108
422
400
200
200
200
1000
Total
At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in attitude between the various
regions of the United States?
PART 10 Regression & Correlation

1. A garment manufacturer was interested in predicting the annual maintenance cost of sewing machines based upon the age of the machine. A sample of 16 machines revealed the following ages
and maintenance costs in the last year:
(a)
Machine
X
Age (Years)
Y
Cost ($)
Machine
X
Age (Years)
Y
Cost ($)
109
25
75
10
70
21
11
126
135
12
58
67
13
30
125
14
47
71
15
120
52
16
105
Compute the regression coefficients the Y-intercept (b 0), and the slope (b1) in this
problem.
(b) Predict the average maintenance cost for a machine that is four years old.
(c)
Compute the coefficient of determination (r 2) and interpret its meaning in this problem.
(d) Compute the coefficient of correlation r.

(e)
Compute the standard error of the estimate.
(f)
At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a linear relationship between age
and maintenance cost?
13
Region
3. A poll was taken concerning attitudes of voters toward the institution of a common poll closing
time on Election Day during presidential election years. The results, categorized according to
regions of the United States, were as follows:

2. The following data represent the heights in inches of a sample of 10 husbands and their wives:
68
69
73
70
67
74
72
75
67
72
Wife
64
62
56
67
66
69
66
71
64
60
Compute the coefficient of correlation r.
(b) At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a relationship between the height
of husbands and the height of wives?
PART 11 Analysis of Variance

1. At one time, the Director of Consumer Affairs of a large suburban county wanted to study whether
there were any differences in the price of unleaded regular (87 octane) gasoline for four major
brands of gasoline sold in the county. A random sample of five service stations was selected for
each of the four brands and the price (in cents) on a particular day was recorded with the
following results:
Prices of Gasoline Brands (Cents)
A
111.9
116.3
112.8
109.9
114.9
117.4
113.5
109.5
116.5
118.4
116.8
110.9
115.8
113.6
115.4
111.3
118.4
116.4
114.8
112.5
At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the average price between the
different brands?
14
(a)
Husband
Heights of Married Couples (Inches)
Type
A
42
46
52
57
52
47
59
56
58
47
50
46
49
51
(Note that one plant of type B was accidentally destroyed soon after being planted.)
At the .01 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the average yield of the three
types of string beans?
2. An agronomist was interested in measuring the differences in the yield of three types of string
beans. Five plants of each type of string bean were planted with the following results (yield in
pounds):
15
.00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
.0000
.0398
.0793
.1179
.1554
.1915
.2257
.2580
.2881
.3159
.0040
.0438
.0832
.1217
.1591
.1950
.2291
.2612
.2910
.3186
.0080
.0478
.0871
.1255
.1628
.1985
.2324
.2642
.2939
.3212
.0120
.0517
.0910
.1293
.1664
.2019
.2357
.2673
.2967
.3238
.0160
.0557
.0948
.1331
.1700
.2054
.2389
.2704
.2995
.3264
.0199
.0596
.0987
.1368
.1736
.2088
.2422
.2734
.3023
.3289
.0239
.0636
.1026
.1406
.1772
.2123
.2454
.2764
.3051
.3315
.0279
.0675
.1064
.1443
.1808
.2157
.2486
.2794
.3078
.3340
.0319
.0714
.1103
.1480
.1844
.2190
.2518
.2823
.3106
.3365
.0359
.0753
.1141
.1517
.1879
.2224
.2549
.2852
.3133
.3389
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
.3413
.3643
.3849
.4032
.4192
.4332
.4452
.4554
.4641
.4713
.3438
.3665
.3869
.4049
.4207
.4345
.4463
.4564
.4649
.4719
.3461
.3686
.3888
.4066
.4222
.4357
.4474
.4573
.4656
.4726
.3485
.3708
.3907
.4082
.4236
.4370
.4484
.4582
.4664
.4732
.3508
.3729
.3925
.4099
.4251
.4382
.4495
.4591
.4671
.4738
.3531
.3749
.3944
.4115
.4265
.4394
.4505
.4599
.4678
.4744
.3554
.3770
.3962
.4131
.4279
.4406
.4515
.4608
.4686
.4750
.3577
.3790
.3980
.4147
.4292
.4418
.4525
.4616
.4693
.4756
.3599
.3810
.3997
.4162
.4306
.4429
.4535
.4625
.4699
.4761
.3621
.3830
.4015
.4177
.4319
.4441
.4545
.4633
.4706
.4767
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
.4772
.4821
.4861
.4893
.4918
.4938
.4953
.4965
.4974
.4981
.4778
.4826
.4864
.4896
.4920
.4940
.4955
.4966
.4975
.4982
.4783
.4830
.4868
.4898
.4922
.4941
.4956
.4967
.4976
.4982
.4788
.4834
.4871
.4901
.4925
.4943
.4957
.4968
.4977
.4983
.4793
.4838
.4875
.4904
.4927
.4945
.4959
.4969
.4977
.4984
.4798
.4842
.4878
.4906
.4929
.4946
.4960
.4970
.4978
.4984
.4803
.4846
.4881
.4909
.4931
.4948
.4961
.4971
.4979
.4985
.4808
.4850
.4884
.4911
.4932
.4949
.4962
.4972
.4979
.4985
.4812
.4854
.4887
.4913
.4934
.4951
.4963
.4973
.4980
.4986
.4817
.4857
.4890
.4916
.4936
.4952
.4964
.4974
.4981
.4986
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
.49865
.49903
.49931
.49952
.49966
.49977
.49984
.49989
.49993
.49995
.49869
.49906
.49934
.49953
.49968
.49978
.49985
.49990
.49993
.49995
.49874
.49910
.49936
.49955
.49969
.49978
.49985
.49990
.49993
.49996
.49878
.49913
.49938
.49957
.49970
.49979
.49986
.49990
.49994
.49996
.49882
.49916
.49940
.49958
.49971
.49980
.49986
.49991
.49994
.49996
.49886
.49918
.49942
.49960
.49972
.49981
.49987
.49991
.49994
.49996
.49889
.49921
.49944
.49961
.49973
.49981
.49987
.49992
.49994
.49996
.49893
.49924
.49946
.49962
.49974
.49982
.49988
.49992
.49995
.49996
.49897
.49926
.49948
.49964
.49975
.49983
.49988
.49992
.49995
.49997
.49900
.49929
.49950
.49965
.49976
.49983
.49989
.49992
.49995
.49997
NOTE:
Some instructors prefer to use a different table, the Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution (which represents
the areas under the standardized normal distribution from to Z). The procedures and calculations using the two tables
will be slightly different, but they will lead you to the same answers.
16
In this program, Dr. Levine uses a table of the Standardized Normal Distribution
like that shown below. Each entry in this table represents the area under the standardized
normal distribution from the mean to Z.
TABLE 1 The Standardized Normal Distribution
0.25
0.10
0.05
0.025
0.01
0.005
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.0000
0.8165
0.7649
0.7407
0.7267
0.7176
0.7111
0.7064
0.7027
0.6998
3.0777
1.8856
1.6377
1.5332
1.4759
1.4398
1.4149
1.3968
1.3830
1.3722
6.3138
2.9200
2.3534
2.1318
2.0150
1.9432
1.8946
1.8595
1.8331
1.8125
12.7062
4.3027
3.1824
2.7764
2.5706
2.4469
2.3646
2.3060
2.2622
2.2281
31.8207
6.9646
4.5407
3.7469
3.3649
3.1427
2.9980
2.8965
2.8214
2.7638
63.6574
9.9248
5.8409
4.6041
4.0322
3.7074
3.4995
3.3554
3.2498
3.1693
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.6974
0.6955
0.6938
0.6924
0.6912
0.6901
0.6892
0.6884
0.6876
0.6870
1.3634
1.3562
1.3502
1.3450
1.3406
1.3368
1.3334
1.3304
1.3277
1.3253
1.7959
1.7823
1.7709
1.7613
1.7531
1.7459
1.7396
1.7341
1.7291
1.7247
2.2010
2.1788
2.1604
2.1448
2.1315
2.1199
2.1098
2.1009
2.0930
2.0860
2.7181
2.6810
2.6503
2.6245
2.6025
2.5835
2.5669
2.5524
2.5395
2.5280
3.1058
3.0545
3.0123
2.9768
2.9467
2.9208
2.8982
2.8784
2.8609
2.8453
21
0.6864
1.3232
1.7207
2.0796
2.5177
2.8314
22
0.6858
1.3212
1.7171
2.0739
2.5083
2.8188
df
23
0.6853
1.3195
1.7139
2.0687
2.4999
2.8073
24
0.6848
1.3178
1.7109
2.0639
2.4922
2.7969
25
0.6844
1.3163
1.7081
2.0595
2.4851
2.7874
26
0.6840
1.3150
1.7056
2.0555
2.4786
2.7787
2.7707
27
0.6837
1.3137
1.7033
2.0518
2.4727
28
0.6834
1.3125
1.7011
2.0484
2.4671
2.7633
29
0.6830
1.3114
1.6991
2.0452
2.4620
2.7564
30
0.6828
1.3104
1.6973
2.0423
2.4573
2.7500
31
0.6825
1.3095
1.6955
2.0395
2.4528
2.7440
32
0.6822
1.3086
1.6939
2.0369
2.4487
2.7385
33
0.6820
1.3077
1.6924
2.0345
2.4448
2.7333
34
0.6818
1.3070
1.6909
2.0322
2.4411
2.7284
35
0.6816
1.3062
1.6896
2.0301
2.4377
2.7238
36
0.6814
1.3055
1.6883
2.0281
2.4345
2.7195
2.7154
37
0.6812
1.3049
1.6871
2.0262
2.4314
38
0.6810
1.3042
1.6860
2.0244
2.4286
2.7116
39
0.6808
1.3036
1.6849
2.0227
2.4258
2.7079
40
0.6807
1.3031
1.6839
2.0211
2.4233
2.7045
17
In this program, Dr. Levine uses a table of the t Distribution like that shown below.
For a particular value of degrees of freedom df, each entry in this table represents
the critical value of t corresponding to a specific upper-tail area .
TABLE 2 Critical Values of t

0.25
0.10
0.05
0.025
0.01
0.005
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
0.6805
0.6804
0.6802
0.6801
0.6800
0.6799
0.6797
0.6796
0.6795
0.6794
1.3025
1.3020
1.3016
1.3011
1.3006
1.3022
1.2998
1.2994
1.2991
1.2987
1.6829
1.6820
1.6811
1.6802
1.6794
1.6787
1.6779
1.6772
1.6766
1.6759
2.0195
2.0181
2.0167
2.0154
2.0141
2.0129
2.0117
2.0106
2.0096
2.0086
2.4208
2.4185
2.4163
2.4141
2.4121
2.4102
2.4083
2.4066
2.4049
2.4033
2.7012
2.6981
2.6951
2.6923
2.6896
2.6870
2.6846
2.6822
2.6800
2.6778
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
0.6793
0.6792
0.6791
0.6791
0.6790
0.6789
0.6788
0.6787
0.6787
0.6786
1.2984
1.2980
1.2977
1.2974
1.2971
1.2969
1.2966
1.2963
1.2961
1.2958
1.6753
1.6747
1.6741
1.6736
1.6730
1.6725
1.6720
1.6716
1.6711
1.6706
2.0076
2.0066
2.0057
2.0049
2.0040
2.0032
2.0025
2.0017
2.0010
2.0003
2.4017
2.4002
2.3988
2.3974
2.3961
2.3948
2.3936
2.3924
2.3912
2.3901
2.6757
2.6737
2.6718
2.6700
2.6682
2.6665
2.6649
2.6633
2.6618
2.6603
61
0.6785
1.2956
1.6702
1.9996
2.3890
2.6589
62
0.6785
1.2954
1.6698
1.9990
2.3880
2.6575
63
0.6784
1.2951
1.6694
1.9983
2.3870
2.6561
64
0.6783
1.2949
1.6690
1.9977
2.3860
2.6549
df
65
0.6783
1.2947
1.6686
1.9971
2.3851
2.6536
66
0.6782
1.2945
1.6683
1.9966
2.3842
2.6524
67
0.6782
1.2943
1.6679
1.9960
2.3833
2.6512
68
0.6781
1.2941
1.6676
1.9955
2.3824
2.6501
69
0.6781
1.2939
1.6672
1.9949
2.3816
2.6490
70
0.6780
1.2938
1.6669
1.9944
2.3808
2.6479
2.6469
71
0.6780
1.2936
1.6666
1.9939
2.3800
72
0.6779
1.2934
1.6663
1.9935
2.3793
2.6459
73
0.6779
1.2933
1.6660
1.9930
2.3785
2.6449
74
0.6778
1.2931
1.6657
1.9925
2.3778
2.6439
75
0.6778
1.2929
1.6654
1.9921
2.3771
2.6430
76
0.6777
1.2928
1.6652
1.9917
2.3764
2.6421
77
0.6777
1.2926
1.6649
1.9913
2.3758
2.6412
78
0.6776
1.2925
1.6646
1.9908
2.3751
2.6403
79
0.6776
1.2924
1.6644
1.9905
2.3745
2.6395
80
0.6776
1.2922
1.6641
1.9901
2.3739
2.6387
0.6745
1.2816
1.6449
1.9600
2.3263
2.5758
(continued)
18
TABLE 2 Critical Values of t
12.461
13.121
13.787
27
28
29
30
14.954
14.257
13.565
12.879
12.198
11.524
10.856
8.897
16.791
16.047
15.308
14.573
13.844
13.120
12.401
11.689
10.982
10.283
3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262
6.908
7.564
8.231
8.907
9.591
0.001
0.051
0.216
0.484
0.831
1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700
3.247
0.975
18.493
17.708
16.928
16.151
15.379
14.611
13.848
13.091
12.338
11.591
4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261
7.962
8.672
9.390
10.117
10.851
0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145
1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940
0.95
20.599
19.768
18.939
18.114
17.292
16.473
15.659
14.848
14.042
13.240
5.578
6.304
7.042
7.790
8.547
9.312
10.085
10.865
11.651
12.443
0.016
0.211
0.584
1.064
1.610
2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168
4.865
0.90
24.478
23.567
22.657
21.749
20.843
19.939
19.037
18.137
17.240
16.344
7.584
8.438
9.299
10.165
11.037
11.912
12.792
13.675
14.562
15.452
0.102
0.575
1.213
1.923
2.675
3.455
4.255
5.071
5.899
6.737
0.75
29.615
30.813
32.007
33.196
34.382
35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256
27.141
28.241
29.339
30.435
31.528
32.620
33.711
34.800
17.275
18.549
19.812
21.064
22.307
23.542
24.769
25.989
27.204
28.412
13.701
14.845
15.984
17.117
18.245
19.369
20.489
21.605
22.718
23.828
24.935
2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236
10.645
12.017
13.362
14.684
15.987
1.323
2.773
4.108
5.385
6.626
7.841
9.037
10.219
11.389
12.549
26.039
0.10
0.25
50.892
49.588
48.278
46.963
45.642
44.314
42.980
41.638
40.289
38.932
24.725
26.217
27.688
29.141
30.578
32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566
6.635
9.210
11.345
13.277
15.086
16.812
18.475
20.090
21.666
23.209
0.01
53.672
52.336
50.993
49.645
48.290
46.928
45.559
44.181
42.796
41.401
26.757
28.299
29.819
31.319
32.801
34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997
7.879
10.597
12.838
14.860
16.750
18.458
20.278
21.955
23.589
25.188
0.005

46.979
45.722
44.461
43.194
41.923
40.646
39.364
38.076
36.781
35.479
21.920
23.337
24.736
26.119
27.488
28.845
30.191
31.526
32.852
34.170
5.024
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.833
14.449
16.013
17.535
19.023
20.483
0.025
43.773
42.557
41.337
40.113
38.885
37.652
36.415
35.172
33.924
32.671
19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996
26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.071
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
0.05
In this program, Dr. Levine uses a table of the 2 Distribution like that shown below.
For a particular value of degrees of freedom df, each entry in this table represents
the critical value of 2 corresponding to a specific upper-tail area .
For larger values of freedom df, the expression Z = 2 2 2(df ) 1 may be used and the resulting
upper-tail area can be found from the Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution.
11.160
11.808
26
10.520
25
10.196
9.260
9.886
23
24
9.542
8.034
8.643
21
22
3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660
5.229
5.812
6.408
7.015
7.633
8.260
2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.601
5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844
7.434
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.020
0.115
0.297
0.554
0.872
1.239
1.646
2.088
2.558
0.99
0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412
0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156
0.995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
df
TABLE 3 Critical Values of 2
19

(where = 0.05)
df1
1 = 0.95
= 0.05
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
161.40
18.51
10.13
7.71
6.61
5.99
5.59
5.32
5.12
4.96
199.50
19.00
9.55
6.94
5.79
5.14
4.74
4.46
4.26
4.10
215.70
19.16
9.28
6.59
5.41
4.76
4.35
4.07
3.86
3.71
224.60
19.25
9.12
6.39
5.19
4.53
4.12
3.84
3.63
3.48
230.20
19.30
9.01
6.26
5.05
4.39
3.97
3.69
3.48
3.33
234.00
19.33
8.94
6.16
4.95
4.28
3.87
3.58
3.37
3.22
236.80
19.35
8.89
6.09
4.88
4.21
3.79
3.50
3.29
3.14
238.90
19.37
8.85
6.04
4.82
4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07
240.50
19.38
8.81
6.00
4.77
4.10
3.68
3.39
3.18
3.02
241.90
19.40
8.79
5.96
4.74
4.06
3.64
3.35
3.14
2.98
254.30
19.50
8.53
5.63
4.36
3.67
3.23
2.93
2.71
2.54
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54
4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35
3.98
3.89
3.81
3.74
3.68
3.63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3.49
3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29
3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10
3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.85
2.81
2.77
2.74
2.71
3.09
3.00
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60
3.01
2.91
2.83
2.76
2.71
2.66
2.61
2.58
2.54
2.51
2.95
2.85
2.77
2.70
2.64
2.59
2.55
2.51
2.48
2.45
2.90
2.80
2.71
2.65
2.59
2.54
2.49
2.46
2.42
2.39
2.85
2.75
2.67
2.60
2.54
2.49
2.45
2.41
2.38
2.35
2.40
2.30
2.21
2.13
2.07
2.01
1.96
1.92
1.88
1.84
df 2
21
4.32
3.47
3.07
2.84
2.68
2.57
2.49
2.42
2.37
2.32
1.81
22
4.30
3.44
3.05
2.82
2.66
2.55
2.46
2.40
2.34
2.30
1.78
23
4.28
3.42
3.03
2.80
2.64
2.53
2.44
2.37
2.32
2.27
1.76
24
4.26
3.40
3.01
2.78
2.62
2.51
2.42
2.36
2.30
2.25
1.73
25
4.24
3.39
2.99
2.76
2.60
2.49
2.40
2.34
2.28
2.24
1.71
26
4.23
3.37
2.98
2.74
2.59
2.47
2.39
2.32
2.27
2.22
1.69
1.67
27
4.21
3.35
2.96
2.73
2.57
2.46
2.37
2.31
2.25
2.20
28
4.20
3.34
2.95
2.71
2.56
2.45
2.36
2.29
2.24
2.19
1.65
29
4.18
3.33
2.93
2.70
2.55
2.43
2.35
2.28
2.22
2.18
1.64
30
4.17
3.32
2.92
2.69
2.53
2.42
2.33
2.27
2.21
2.16
1.62
3.84
3.00
2.60
2.37
2.21
2.10
2.01
1.94
1.88
1.83
1.00
In this program, Dr. Levine uses a table of the F Distribution like that shown below.
For a particular combination of numerator degrees of freedom df 1 and denominator
degrees of freedom df 1, each entry in this table represents the critical values of F
corresponding to an upper-tail area equal to 0.05.
20
TABLE 4A Critical Values of F
7.60

7.56
6.63
30
4.61
5.39
5.42
5.45
5.49
5.53
5.57
5.61
5.66
5.72
5.78
3.78
4.51
4.54
4.57
4.60
4.64
4.68
4.72
4.76
4.82
4.87
6.22
5.95
5.74
5.56
5.42
5.29
5.18
5.09
5.01
4.94
3.32
4.02
4.04
4.07
4.11
4.14
4.18
4.22
4.26
4.31
4.37
5.67
5.41
5.21
5.04
4.89
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.50
4.43
5,625.00
99.25
28.71
15.98
11.39
9.15
7.85
7.01
6.42
5.99
3.02
3.70
3.73
3.75
3.78
3.82
3.85
3.90
3.94
3.99
4.04
5.32
5.06
4.86
4.69
4.56
4.44
4.34
4.25
4.17
4.10
5,764.00
99.30
28.24
15.52
10.97
8.75
7.46
6.63
6.06
5.64
3.41
3.36
4.89
4.64
4.44
4.28
4.14
4.03
3.93
3.84
3.77
3.70
3.64
3.59
3.54
5.07
4.82
4.62
4.46
4.32
4.20
4.10
4.01
3.94
3.87
3.81
3.76
3.71
3.26
3.23
3.42
3.39
3.36
3.33
3.30
2.64
3.59
3.56
3.53
3.50
3.47
2.80
2.41
3.07
3.09
3.12
3.15
3.18
3.22
3.26
3.30
3.35
3.40
4.63
4.39
4.19
4.03
3.89
3.78
3.68
3.60
3.52
3.46
6,022.00
99.39
27.35
14.66
10.16
7.98
6.72
5.91
5.35
4.94
2.32
2.98
3.00
3.03
3.06
3.09
3.13
3.17
3.21
3.26
3.31
4.54
4.30
4.10
3.94
3.80
3.69
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.37
6,056.00
99.40
27.23
14.55
10.05
7.87
6.62
5.81
5.26
4.85
10
1.00
2.01
2.03
2.06
2.10
2.13
2.17
2.21
2.26
2.31
2.36
3.60
3.36
3.17
3.00
2.87
2.75
2.65
2.57
2.49
2.42
6,366.00
99.50
26.13
13.46
9.02
6.88
5.65
4.86
4.31
3.91
2.51
3.17
3.20
3.29
3.32
3.50
3.46
3.67
3.63
3.45
3.51
4.74
4.50
4.30
4.14
4.00
3.89
3.79
3.71
3.63
3.56
5,982.00
99.37
27.49
14.80
10.29
8.10
6.84
6.03
5.47
5.06
5,928.00
99.36
27.67
14.98
10.46
8.26
6.99
6.18
5.61
5.20
5,859.00
99.33
27.91
15.21
10.67
8.47
7.19
6.37
5.80
5.39
1 = 0.99
7.64
7.77
25
29
7.82
24
28
7.88
23
7.72
7.95
7.68
8.02
21
22
7.21
6.93
6.70
6.51
6.36
6.23
6.11
6.01
5.93
5.85
5,403.00
99.17
29.46
16.69
12.06
9.78
8.45
7.59
6.99
6.55
In this program, Dr. Levine uses a table of the F Distribution like that shown below.
For a particular combination of numerator degrees of freedom df 1 and denominator
degrees of freedom df 1, each entry in this table represents the critical values of F
corresponding to an upper-tail area equal to 0.01.
27
9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68
8.53
8.40
8.29
8.18
8.10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
4,999.50
99.00
30.82
18.00
13.27
10.92
9.55
8.65
8.02
7.56
TABLE 4B Critical Values of F
26
4,052.00
98.50
34.12
21.20
16.26
13.75
12.25
11.26
10.56
10.04
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
df 2
df1
(where = 0.01)
= 0.01
21

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David M. Levine, Ph.D.

Video Aided Instruction, Inc.

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Statistics Study Guide

Copyright 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc.

Statistics isnt just for math majors: now its taught in

About Your Instructor

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Statistics Study Guide

PART 2 Review of Summation Notation

2. Given the following:

Copyright 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Statistics Study Guide

(d) first quartile (Q1)

(h) standard deviation

(m) Set up a box-and-whisker plot for these data.

(d) coefficient of variation

(g) first quartile (Q1)

(h) third quartile (Q 3)

Copyright 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Statistics Study Guide

PART 4 Data Presentation: Tables & Charts

(b) Form the relative frequency distribution.

Form the percentage distribution.

(d) Form the cumulative percentage distribution.

Plot the histogram.

Plot a percentage polygon.

(g) Plot the cumulative percentage polygon (ogive).

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Statistics Study Guide

5.5 under 6.0

6.0 under 6.5

6.5 under 7.0

7.0 under 7.5

7.5 under 8.0

8.0 under 8.5

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Approximate the arithmetic mean of this frequency distribution.

(b) Approximate the standard deviation of this frequency distribution.

Form the percentage distribution.

(d) Form the cumulative percentage distribution.

Plot the histogram.

Plot a percentage polygon.

(g) Plot the cumulative percentage polygon (ogive).

Compute the percentage preferring each type of soft drink.

(b) Construct a bar chart.

Construct a pie chart.

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Statistics Study Guide

(b) What is the probability that Z is less than 1.24?

What is the probability that Z is greater than 1.73?

(d) What is the probability that Z is between 1.24 and 1.73?

What is the probability that Z is between 1.24 and 1.24?

What is the value of Z if 2.5% of all the values are larger?

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For more information, call 1-800-238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction.com.

Statistics Study Guide

PART 6 Confidence Intervals & Sample Size Determination

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Statistics Study Guide

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PART 7 One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis