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Cuaderno de Apuntes 2014

Ingls II

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Estimado Estudiante de AIEP, en este Cuaderno de Apuntes, junto a cada Aprendizaje Esperado que se te presenta y que
corresponde al Mdulo que cursas, encontrars Conceptos, Ideas Centrales y Aplicaciones que reforzarn el
aprendizaje que debes lograr.

Esperamos que estas Ideas Claves entregadas a modo de sntesis te orienten en el desarrollo del saber, del hacer y del ser.

Mucho xito.-

Direccin de Desarrollo Curricular y Evaluacin


VICERRECTORA ACADMICA AIEP

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Mdulo: INGLS II
UNIDAD: Desarrollo de Habilidades Receptivas y Productivas

1. Aprendizaje esperado:
Participan de situaciones comunicativas orales y escritas relacionadas con la descripcin de
gustos y hbitos alimenticios propios y de terceros, haciendo uso de las estructuras del
Presente Simple correspondientes.

Contenidos:
- Pirmide alimenticia: grupos y alimentos
que la conforman
- Uso de Some / Any y sustantivos
contables y no contables
- Uso de adverbios de frecuencia: always /
usually / often / sometimes / hardly ever /
never
- Tiempo verbal presente simple.

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1.1 Food Pyramid


For a Healthy life, eat a lot of grains, vegetables and fruit. Eat some dairy, meat and other
protein. Eat very little fat, oil and sugar. Complete with more examples:

Fat, oil, sugar

Meat and
other Protein

Fruit

Dairy

Vegetables

Grains

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Classify the food according to the group they belong to: Write F for Fat, oil and sugar;
M for Meat and other protein; D for Dairy; Fr for Fruit; V for Vegetables and G for
Grains:

broccoli

___

cheese

___

noodles

___

strawberries ___

potatoes ___

beef

___

grapes

___

rice

___

butter

___

cake

___

candy

___

bread

___

eggs

___

French fries ___

ice-cream ___

almonds

___

celery

cereal

___

___

Complete the circles with more examples!

Fruit

Vegetables

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1.2 Talking about food.


To talk about what we like and dislike, we can use different verbs and expressions. Can
you think of two expressions to express likes and two to express dislikes? Follow the
examples:
LIKES

DISLIKES

I like

I dont like

Answer these questions about you:


1. Whats your favorite fruit? ____________________________________
2. Whats your favorite vegetable? _______________________________
3. Is fast food healthy? ________________________________________
4. Is seafood healthy? _________________________________________

What foods do you like?

I like .

What foods dont you like?

I dont like .

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REMEMBER
Present Simple: we use the present simple for things which happen
regularly.
Affirmative
I/ You/ We/ They eat a lot of fruit.
He/ She/ It eats bread in the morning.
Negative
I/ You/ We/ They dont eat
He / She / It doesnt eat

1.3. Count and noncount nouns


IMPORTANT!
We can count some nouns: 1 apple, 2 apples, 3
oranges, 4 carrots, etc. these words are called
countable nouns. (Also you can use a / an/ some/
any with countable nouns)
There are some nouns we cant count such as milk
and bread, these words are called uncountable or
noncount nouns. (Also you can use some / any
with noncount nouns, but you cant use a or an).

A) Find the mistakes and correct the dialogues according to count and uncount nouns
Is it OK? Would you like a
bread?
Yes, please! And Id like a
cheese, too.

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Would you like an


apple for dessert?
No, thank you. Id like an
orange juice and some
ice-cream, please.

B. Answer these questions about your best friend:

1. Does he/ she like fruit? ______________________________________________________


2. Does he/ she like to eat chocolate? ____________________________________________
3. Whats his /her favorite meal? ________________________________________________
4. Does he/ she like to drink coffee in the morning? __________________________________
5. What kind of food does he/ she hate? __________________________________________
6. Does he/ she have dinner? ___________________________________________________
7. Does he / she have breakfast? Why? ___________________________________________

1.4.

Answers (Act. A):


Would you like some bread, Id like some cheese, would you like some wine, Id like some orange juice (all of
Expressing what we need andthem
dont
need.
are noncount nouns)

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IMPORTANT!
Some: We use some for unspecific number with count and Noncount
nouns in positive sentences.
I want to buy some eggs /

Lets have some bread

Any: With count and noncount nouns in negative sentences and


questions.
I dont have any apples

Do you have any apples?

SOME AND ANY


We use some with uncountable and plural nouns in affirmative sentences and any in negative
sentences and questions.
SOME

Affirmative Ses.
Negative Ses.

ANY

Interrogative Ses.

C) Complete the sentences with some or any.


1.- I want to buy _________ food, because I dont have _________ food in the fridge
2.- I want to make ____________ sandwiches. The problem is that I have ________ cheese,
but I dont have __________ butter.
3.- Can I have ________ oranges, please? I want to make ___________ orange juice.
4.- Mary is in the garden. She is drinking _________milk and eating ________ apples. Her
sister is eating ________ sandwiches, but she isnt drinking _______ juice, because she
doesnt like it.
5.- I dont have __________ Onion, so I have to buy ___________.

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6.- Do you have ___________ butter in the fridge? No, I dont. But
I have ________ cheese If you want to eat ____________

Answers (act. C):


1.some, any 2. Some, some, any 3. Any, some 4. Some, some, some, any 5. Any, some 6. Any, some, some

What ingredients do you need to make pizza?


Use some. And also name ingredients you
dont need, using any.

(+) I need _____________________


________________________________
________________________________

(-) I dont need ____________


______________________________
______________________________

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What ingredients do you need to make hot-dogs?


Use some. And also name ingredients you dont need,
using any.

(+)_________________________________
_____________________________________

(-) ___________________________________
__________________________________________

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1.5. Having breakfast


It is very interesting to talk about food, because you can give your opinion and describe your
eating routines, answering questions like: what kind of food do you often eat for breakfast,
lunch, dinner? or what kind of food do you usually avoid, for health or other reasons?

A) Answer these questions:

How often ?

1. How often do you have breakfast?


________________________________________
2. What do you have for breakfast?
________________________________________
3. What do you have for Lunch?
________________________________________
4. How often do you eat meat for lunch?
________________________________________
5. How often do have dinner?
________________________________________
6. What do you have for dinner?
_________________________________________

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Always

Adverbs of Frequency

100%

Usually

Often

Expressions of frequency:

Sometimes

Once a week (month, year)


Twice a week (month, year)

Hardly ever

Three times a week


0%

Never

Important!
Adverbs of frequency come before the verb except for verb to be (am, is, are)

For example:
1) She always listens to music in the
morning,
2) I usually play soccer,
3) We never watch T.V. at night,
4) Peter and Mary hardly ever go
out.
But we have to say: She is always happy.

* Sometimes can go at the


0%
b beginning of a sentence, too.
For example: Sometimes I
eat seafood

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Activities
B) Complete the conversation giving more examples about adverbs of frequency:

(usually and hardly ever)

(sometimes and never)

C) Complete the conversation with complete answers using the correct expressions:
How often do you
make phone calls?

(1)

(2)______________

(never)

(3)

How often do you


eat out?

(4)

_______________
(once)

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(5)

How often do you


drink coffee?

(6)

_______________
(usually)

Answers (Act. C):


1. I never make phone calls. 4.- I eat out once a week. 6.- I usually drink coffee in the morning.

IMPORTANT!

We usually say or write these adverbs in the middle of the sentence, between the subject and the
verb:
Subject + adverb + verb

Expressions of frequency (every day, twice a week, once a month, etc.) usually go at the end of a
sentence.
We say or write these Adverbs of frequency AFTER the verb to be (am, is, are).

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C) How often do you do these activities? Write sentences using adverbs of frequency

_______________________

_____________________

________________________

________________________

____________________

____________________

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2. Aprendizaje esperado:
Interacta con terceros en contextos orales y escritos diversos, solicitando y entregando
informacin sobre actividades deportivas que se realizan en tiempo libre y haciendo uso de
las estructuras gramaticales correspondientes.

Contenidos:
- Deportes y actividades al aire libre
- Uso de los verbos play / go + deportes
- Preguntas que comienzan con Wh: What
/ Who / - Where / How often / When / What
time
- Tiempo verbal presente simple

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2.1 Sports and outdoor activities


Sport and physical activity are crucial for a healthy life. Sport and play improve health
and well-being, extend life expectancy and reduce the diseases including heart disease.
There are lot of outdoor activities and sports such as climbing, skiing, surfing, whitewater rafting, biking, horse-riding, swimming, volleyball, soccer, etc.

A. Complete the questions according to the pictures and answer them:


1.

Do you play ____________?

_____________________________________

2.

Do you go ________________?

______________________________________

3.

Do you play _______________?

_______________________________________

4.

Do you go _________________?

________________________________________

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Answers (Act. A):


1. Soccer/ 2. Swimming/

3. Volleyball/ 4. skiing

2.2 How to use PLAY, GO and DO with sport and outdoor activities
PLAY
Play is used with ball sports or competitive games where we play against another person.
-

Alexis Sanchez plays football.

DO
Do is used for a recreational activity or a non-team sport that does not use a ball.

Toms Gonzlez does gymnastics.

GO
Go is used with activities that end -ing. We go somewhere to do something.

Kristel Kbrich goes swimming.

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Activities

A.

Write play, do or go according to each activity or sport:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The boys like to _________ karate .


Peter usually _________ table tennis.
Peter _________ rugby.
The girls_________ jogging.
He _________ hiking.
They sometimes_________ judo.
Mary usually _________ basketball.
My friend and I usually_________ cycling.

B.

1.

Remember
In Present Simple
he, she, it = plays
does
goes

Complete the questions with the correct verb. Then, answer them with your
information:

Do you ever __________________ surfing?


________________________________

2.

Do you ever ______________ yoga?


__________________________________

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2.

Do you __________________ chess?


_________________________

Answers
Act. A: 1. Do 2. Play 3. Play 4. Go 5. Go 6. Do 7. Play 8. Go
Act B 1. Go 2. Do 3. Play

Why is sport important for children?


Children have to be active every day, physical activity
stimulates growth and leads to improved physical and emotional
health. Today, a new research shows that the importance of physical
activity in children is stronger than ever. For example, medical
researchers studied that children are less likely to suffer from high
blood pressure, diabetes, cancer of the colon, obesity and coronary
heart disease later in life.
Exercise is also known to relieve stress. Some Children have as much stress, depression, and
anxiety as adults. Exercise improves health and skills at arithmetic, reading and memorization. Even
sport can affect a childs development of self-steem and self-worth.

Answer the questions about the text:


1.- Do you think that sport is important for children?
_________________________________________________________
2.- Is sport important to relieve stress? Why?
_________________________________________________________
3.- Do sports help to develop self-steem?
_________________________________________________________

Extra web pages about sports and outdoor activities


Links: http://www.roughguides.com/destinations/south-america/chile/things-not-to-miss/#/0

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2.3

Wh- Questions

REMEMBER
Use Simple Present with Wh Questions:

What?

things, objects

When?

days, months, years, seasons

Where?

places

What time?
Who?

time
people

How often?
Why?

frequency
reason

Exercises

A. Write the questions for these answers


1.______________________________________?
He plays on weekends
2. ______________________________________?
He gets up at 6:30 in the morning
3. ______________________________________?
He lives in Manchester
4. ______________________________________?
He usually plays soccer

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Answers
Act. A: 1. When does he play? 2. What time does he get up? 3. Where does he live? 4. How often does he
play soccer? Act. B: 1. When do you study? 2. How often do you practice? 3. Who do you play soccer with?
B

B. Complete the dialogue with the correct questions

1.______________
_______________?

2. Well, I always study


on Sundays. I work on
weekdays.

1._________________
__________________?

2. We practice once
or twice a week.

1._________________
__________________?

2. I play soccer with


some friends. And
you?

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3. Aprendizaje esperado

Intercambia informacin relacionada con talentos y habilidades propios y de terceros en


variados contextos laborales y coloquiales escritos y orales, haciendo uso de estructuras
lingsticas apropiadas.

Contenidos:
- Talentos y habilidades (musicales o
artsticas, atlticas, tcnicas o
mecnicas, entre otras)
- Uso del verbo modal can para
expresar habilidad

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3.1 Talents and abilities

Do aerobics

Dance Salsa

Make desserts

Play the guitar

Fix a computer

Climb a Mountain

More examples
- Play basketball
- Write poetry
- Swim
- Drive a car
- speak a foreign language
- Play cards

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3.2 CAN for ability


Can is an auxiliary verb or a modal verb to talk about an ability:

Structure:

SUBJECT + CAN + MAIN VERB (infinitive without to)


SHE

CAN

DANCE flamingo.

Affirmative sentences

Kristel Kobrich CAN swim very fast.

Angelina Jolie CAN act.

Madonna CAN sing really well.

Arturo Vidal CAN play soccer.

Usain Bolt CAN run.

Rafael Nadal CAN play tennis.

Michael Jordan CAN play basketball.


Mahani Teave CAN play the piano.

Negative sentences

A baby CANT speak.

A cat CANT swim.

An elephant CANT climb.

An ostrich CANT fly.

A penguin CANT fly.

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Interrogative sentences

Can you use a computer?

Can you dance?

Can you drive?

Can she sing?

Can they act?

Activities
A. Write sentences according to the pictures using can or cant

________________________________
________________________________
Image taken from:
http://www.messianicjudaism.me/yinon/2013/06/12/1
0-reasons-superman-is-jewish/

________________________________
________________________________
Image taken from:
http://www.reocities.com/jason.kirk/jfiles/flash3.html

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________________________________
________________________________
Image taken from:
http://www.comicvine.com/images/1300-3847551

________________________________
________________________________
Image taken from:
http://sciencefiction.com/2014/04/20/infographicreveals-many-masks-spider-man/

B. Complete the dialogue:

A: Hi Mary, I am asking some questions for a survey, can you help me?
B: Yes, of course!
A: Can you dance?
B: __________________________________________
A: What kind of music can you dance?
B: _________________________________________
A: Can you drive a car?
B: _________________________________________
A: Can you drive a car or a truck?
B: __________________________________________

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A: Can you fix a car?


B: _________________________________________
A: Can you swim?
B: _________________________________________
A: How many languages can you speak?
B: __________________________________________
A: OK! Thats all! Thank you so much! When I have the results, I am going to call you to tell
you about it.
B: Sure! If you need to ask me more questions, I dont have any problems, just call me
see
you soon, bye bye!

Answers
Act. A: 1. Goku Can Fly / 2. Flash can run very fast / 3. Batman cant fly. Act B: I can .. I cant

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4. Aprendizaje Esperado:
Intercambia informacin con terceros sobre fiestas y fechas importantes y las actividades
asociadas a cada una de ellas, utilizando el tiempo presente simple en contextos laborales e
informales escritos y orales.

Contenidos:
- Fechas: meses del ao y nmeros
ordinales
- Cumpleaos, celebraciones y feriados
- Tiempo verbal presente simple

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4.1 DATES

Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Ordinal numbers
1st = first
2nd = second
3rd =third
4th =fourth
5th = fifth
6th = sixth
7th = seventh
8th = eighth
9th = ninth
10th = tenth

11th =eleventh
12th =twelfth
13th =thirteenth
14th =fourteenth
15th =fifteenth
16th =sixteenth
17th =seventeenth
18th =eighteenth
19th =nineteenth
20th =twentieth

21st =twenty-first
22nd =twenty-second
23rd =twenty-third
24th =twenty-fourth
25th =twenty-fifth
26th =twenty-sixth
27th =twenty-seventh
28th =twenty-eighth
29th = twenty-ninth
30th = thirtieth
31th =thirty-first

We use the month and the correct ordinal number for dates,
Example:
A: When is your birthday?
B: My birthday is on September eighteenth
A: Wow! We celebrate national holidays, too.
So, how do you celebrate your birthday?
B: I usually go to parties with my friends
A: What do you do there?
B: We eat and dance a lot!

REMEMBER!

A: Thats great!

07 / 07 = July seventh

B: And when is your birthday?

09 / 21 = September twenty-first

A: Its on December twenty- fifth

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B: Thats great, too


A: Not really! because I just get a Christmas present and they usually forget my birthday.

ACTIVITIES
A. Look at Annas schedule and write the dates:
My schedule
go out with my friends
on _______________

go to the cinema on
________________

go to the beach on
_________________

go to study for my
exams on

__________________

________________

_________________

04/14

05/02

08/20

______________
_
______________
_
10/09

Birthdays calendar
Arturo Vidals birthday
is on
__________________
_

Claudio Bravos
birthday is on
________________
_

__________________
_

________________
_

05/ 22

04/ 13

Gary Medels birthday


is on

Mauricio Pinillas
birthday is on

Jean Beausejours
birthday is on

Gonzalo Jaras
birthday is on

__________________

________________
_

_________________
_

______________
_

________________
_

_________________
_

______________
_

02/04

06/01

08/29

__________________
08/03

Alexis Sanchezs
birthday is on
_________________
_________________
12/19

Eduardo Vargass
birthday is on
______________
_
______________
_
11/20

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Answers
Act. A: April fourteenth, May second, August twentieth, October ninth.
May twenty-second/ April thirteenth/ December nineteenth/ November twentieth/
August third/ February fourth/ June first/ August twenty-ninth

4.2 B. Complete the Conversation with the correct dates (write the dates):

Mary: Hello! How are you?


Peter: Hi! Im a little worried, because I have to finish my homework about important dates like
holidays or celebrations.
Mary: Can I help you?
Peter: Thanks a lot! I really need it!
Mary: Well, tell me
Peter: When is Christmas Day?
Mary: its on ________________________________
Peter: When is Labor Day?
Mary: its on __________________________________

12/25

Peter: When is Fathers Day?


Mary: its on ___________________________________
Peter: When is Mothers Day?
Mary: its on ___________________________________
Peter: When is Independence Day in USA?

10/31

Mary: its on ___________________________________


Peter: When is Valentines Day?
Mary: its on ___________________________________
Peter: When is Halloween?
Mary: its on ___________________________________
Peter: When is New Years Day?
Mary: its on ___________________________________
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Peter: Ufffff, Thanks a lot! Im going home now.


Mary: Youre welcome Peter, if you need any help just tell me.

Answers
Act. B: December twenty-fifth/ May first / June twenty-first / May tenth / February fourteenth/
October thirty-first/ January first

Answer these questions about you and your family:


When is your birthday?
_____________________
When is your fathers birthday?
____________________
When is your mothers birthday?
______________________
When is your brothers birthday?
________________________

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Complete the invitation card with the correct information:

4.3 A.- Read the text about holidays


1

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- Answer the questions about the text:


1.- When is the Night ?
_________________________________________
2.- How do Children celebrate it?
__________________________________________
3.- What do they do in Spring?
__________________________________________
4.- What do people celebrate in autumn?
__________________________________________
5.- How do they celebrate it?
__________________________________________

B.- Read the text about holidays


2

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- Answer the questions about the text:


1. How many public holidays are there in Britain?
___________________________________________________________________________
2.- What are the Bank holidays?
___________________________________________________________________________
3.- What do people do to celebrate Christmas?
___________________________________________________________________________
4.- What do they eat for Christmas dinner?
___________________________________________________________________________
5.- What do people do in Scotland to celebrate New Years Eve?
___________________________________________________________________________

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5. Aprendizaje Esperado:

Interacta de manera oral y escrita con terceros en contextos formales e informales,


solicitando y entregando informacin sobre planes futuros a travs del uso de las estructuras
gramaticales correspondientes.

Contenidos:
- Uso de la estructura Be going to con
intencin de futuro.
- Expresiones de tiempo para expresar
futuro: tomorrow / tonight / next week /
next month, entre otras.

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5.1 GOING TO

Use the structure going to to talk about future plans.

Affirmative sentences

I am going to travel to France next year. (I plan to travel, and I am saving money)

She is going to have dinner with her family. (She plans to have dinner tomorrow)

They are going to see a movie. ( They plan to go to the movies tomorrow)

Negative sentences

I am not going to travel to Italy next year.

She is not going to have dinner with her friends.

They are not going to see a movie at home.

Interrogative sentences

?) Are you going to travel next year to France?

Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

?) Is she going to have dinner with her family?

Yes, she is. / No, she is not.

?) Are they going to see a movie?

Yes, they are. / No, they are not.

5.2 TIME EXPRESSIONS for future


- Tonight

- Next winter

- Tomorrow

- Next year

- Next week

- Next month

- Tomorrow night

- Next summer

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Activities

A. Look at Annas schedule and complete with going to:

March

My schedule
I ____________
start my English
classes

My friends and I
______________
go to the cinema

20

I ______________

study for my
English tests

do my homework

12

10

I ______________ I______________
go to the beach

I ______________

come home

25

13

My friends and I
______________

My sister
_______________

Celebrate my
birthday

Call me from Spain

26

31

Answers
Act. A: I am going to start my English classes/ My friends and I are going to go to the cinema/ I am going to study for
my English tests/ I am going to do my homework/ I am going to go to the beach/ I am going to come home/ My friend
and I are going to celebrate my birthday/ My sister is going to call me from Spain.

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GOING TO

We use going to to talk about future plans, as you can see in the first activity about Annas
schedule.

B. Write the examples from the first activity


1. Anna is going to go to the cinema

Remember
Im going to = I AM going to

2. ________________________

Hes going to = he IS going to

3. ________________________

Theyre going to = they ARE going to

4. ________________________

C. Think about your future vacations and answer these questions using going to

Where are you going to go?


_____________________________________
When are you going to go?
_____________________________________
Who is going to go with you?
_____________________________________
What are you going to do, buy or see?
_____________________________________
How are you going to get there?
____________________________________

D. Read this short text about future plans


Mary is going to go skiing at Colorado Mountain this weekend. Her Friends Peter and Gail are going to
go with her. She is going to stay in a wonderful hotel and she is going to drive her Jeep to Colorado
Mountain. They are going to have fun!

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Now write a short text about your future plans,

________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

E. Read about Peters future plans and answer the questions about it:

1.- Where is he going to go?


____________________________________________
2.- What is he going to do there?
____________________________________________

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F. Now complete the chart with correct information from the text. Use the going to structure.
Country

Places

Activities there

Food

Answers
Act. E: hes going to travel to Europe/ hes going to visit some museums and important cities, also hes
going to visit important monuments and eat delicious food.

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6. Aprendizaje Esperado:

Se comunica con terceros en contextos escritos y orales, formales e informales, sobre temas
relacionados con problema de salud y soluciones mdicas y caseras, haciendo uso de
esquemas lxicos y gramaticales adecuados a cada situacin particular.

Contenidos:
- Partes del cuerpo
- Problemas de salud: headache /
stomachache / sore eyes / backache /
sore throat, entre otros
- Uso de los verbos Have y Feel para
expresar problemas de salud
- Uso de adjetivos que expresan
estados de nimo y de salud
- Medicamentos comunes
- Expresiones para demostrar empata:
Thats good / Im glad to hear that /
Thats too bad / Im sorry to hear that
- Uso del modo Imperativo para dar
consejos y sugerencias

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6.1 A. Parts of the body

Write the correct number to each picture


1. leg 2. Teeth 3. Ankle 4. Elbow 5. Shoulders 6. Nose 7. Calf 8. Chin 9. Tongue
10. Wrist 11. Toes 12. Thumb 13. Ear 14. Eye 15. Mouth 16. Knee
17. Lips 18. Tooth 19. Arm 20. Neck

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B. Answer the questions about common health problems,


I have a
__________________

Whats the
matter?

I have a
_____________

Whats wrong?

I feel
_______________
_

How do you
feel?

The flu - a fever - a backache - a toothache - sore eyes - homesick a headache - a cold - an earache - a cough - sore throat - a stomachache
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6.2 To talk about health problems, we usually use have

I have a cold.

I have a stomachache.

I have the flu.

I have an earache.

I have a fever.

6.3 Remember
Positive Adjectives

Negative Adjectives

Fine

X Sick

Great

X Awful

Terrific

X Terrible

Fantastic

X Bad

Happy

X Sad

Good

X Miserable

6.4 To talk about the way we feel, we use positive or negative adjectives:
I feel fantastic
I feel miserable
I feel fine
I feel awful
I feel great

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6.5 Common Medications

Cold pills

Muscle cream

Cough drops

Cough syrup

Antacid

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6.6 Useful Expressions


Thats good!
Im glad to hear that
Thats too bad
Im sorry to hear that

Look at the common medications and complete the Word map with the correct
sentences:

______________
______________

______________
______________

I have a
Stomachache

I have a Sore
throat

Im going to buy
some aspirin

I have a
Headache

______________
______________

______________
______________

I have the flu

I have sore
eyes

Health
problems

6.7 Giving suggestions


Dont drink coffee at night
Go to the doctor
Take an aspirin
Call a dentist
Rest in bed

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Read the conversation and complete the box about it:


First part

Mary: Hi Peter! How are you?


Whats the problem?

Peter: Hi Mary! I feel terrible


Mary: Whats wrong?
Peter: I have the flu

________________________
Whats the advice?
________________________

Mary: I have a good idea.


Rest in bed and drink a lot of orange juice

Two weeks later


Mary: Hi Peter!
Peter: Hello Mary!
Mary: How do you feel?
Peter; I feel much better and you?

Second part
Whats the problem?
________________________
Whats the advice?
________________________

Mary: I feel awful


Peter: Whats the matter?
Mary: I have a cough and a sore throat, I think that I have a cold
Peter: Ups! I have a great idea, Take some cold pills and dont go to work

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7. Aprendizaje Esperado

Describe establecimientos que se encuentran en un vecindario o ciudad indicando su


ubicacin en el mapa y dando instrucciones para movilizarse entre uno y otro, haciendo uso
de los esquemas lxicos y gramaticales adecuados al contexto en situaciones orales y
escritas diversas.

Contenidos:
Tiendas y lugares de una ciudad.
Productos y servicios segn tienda o lugar.
Uso de preposiciones de lugar para entregar
ubicacin especfica de lugares de una ciudad:
on / on the corner of / across from / next to /
between
Estructuras para solicitar direcciones: How do I
get to? / How can I get to?
Expresiones para entregar direcciones: walk up
/ walk down / go up / go down / turn right on /
turn left on
Modo Imperativo

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7.1 Places and stores in a city.

BOOKSTORE

GAS STATION

POST OFFICE

DEPARTMENT STORE

DRUGSTORE

SUPERMARKET

RESTAURANT

BANK

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7.2 Where can I ?


-

Get some aspirin

Buy some bread

____________________________

Buy a dictionary

____________________________

Get some gasoline

____________________________

Buy a sandwich

_____________________________

Buy a pair of pants

_____________________________

Deposit a check

_____________________________

Mail a letter

_____________________________

Eat chinese food

_____________________________

You can get some aspirin in a drugstore

7.3 Preposition of place

Between

Behind

On the corner of

On

On Main street

Next to

Across from

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Examples:
The Park is on Main Street
The Bookstore is on the
corner of Main and First
Street
The Department store is behind the
restaurant
BOOKSTORE

DRUGSTORE
PARK

MAIN STREET
ST

1
S
T
R
E
E
T

SUPERMARKET

DEPARTMENT STORE

RESTAURANT

2ND
S
T
R
E
E
T

POST OFFICE

The Post office is across


from the Drugstore

RIVER STREET

GAS

CAF

MOVIE
BANK

HOTEL

THEATER

STATION

The Caf is between the Gas station and the bank


The Movie Theater is next to the
Hotel

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ACTIVITIES
PARK

BOOKSTORE

Drugstore

1ST
S
T
R
E
E
T

Supermarket

Italian
restaurant

MAIN STREET
DEPARTMENT
STORE

Chinese
restaurant

2ND
S
T
R
E
E
T

Post office

Stadium

Barber shop
GYM
River Street

GAS
STATION

CAF

Hospital

Movie Theater

HOTEL

A. Look at the map and complete the sentences with the correct preposition:
1. The Hospital is __________ River Street
2. The Post office is _________ the Drugstore and Stadium
3. The Gym is ______________ the Hospital
4. The Supermarket is _______________ Main and First streets
5. The Chinese restaurant is ______________ the Barber shop
6. The Gas station is ____________ the Caf
7. The Park is ________________ First and Second Street
8. The Post office is _________________ second Street

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B. Complete the conversation with the correct place or preposition


1

First, I have to go to the ___________,


its on the corner of First and Main
Street, next to the Italian restaurant and
____________ Department store.

Second, I have to go to the


___________, its next to the Post
office, across from the Park and
_________ second Street.

Third, I have to go to the ___________,


its next to the Stadium,
______________Drugstore and Stadium
and across from the Chinese restaurant

Fourth, I have to go to the ___________,


its ______________ the Stadium, on
second street and on the corner of River
and second streets

Answer
Act. A: on/ between / across from / on the corner of / behind / next to / between / on.
Act B: 1- Supermarket / across from 2- Drugstore /on 3. Post office /between 4. Hotel / across from.
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7.4-5 Giving directions


How do I get to the
Chinese restaurant?
2

1
1st
S
T
R
E
E
T
Go up /Walk up 1st Street

1st
S
T
R
E
E
T
Turn right on Main Street

1st
S
T
R
E
E
T

The Chinese Restaurant is on the right

How do I get to the


Department Store?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

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Giving directions
How do I get to the
Hospital?

2
st

1
S
T
R
E
E
T

Go down /Walk down 1st Street

1st
S
T
R
E
E
T

Turn Left on River Street

3
1st
S
T
R
E
E
T

The Hospital is on the right

How do I get to the


Movie Theater?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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8. Aprendizaje Esperado

Intercambian informacin sobre actividades ocurridas en el pasado reciente en contextos


comunicativos escritos y orales formales e informales, haciendo uso de las estructuras de
pasado correspondientes.

Contenidos:
Actividades que se realizan en el tiempo libre
Tiempo verbal pasado simple
Verbos regulares e irregulares
Discurso descriptivo

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8.1 Common activities

Clean the house

do the laundry

Exercise

What do you usually do in your free time? Write four activities.


_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

8.2 SIMPLE PAST

We used Simple Past to talk about finished actions in the past.

Affirmative sentences

I watched TV last night

I ate pizza last night

She studied for her exam yesterday

He bought some milk yesterday

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8.3 VERBS

REGULAR VERBS
We usually add ed to the verb

IRREGULAR VERBS

- Cook = Cooked

They do not follow the simple rules,


we do not add d or ed to the end
of the word to form simple past.
They simply change.

If the verb ends in e we add d

- Eat = Ate

- Live = Lived

- Have = Had

If a short verb ends in vowel +


consonant, we double the
consonant and add ed

- Buy = Bought

-Walk = Walked

- Plan = Planned
If the verb ends in consonant + y,
we change the y to i and add
ied

- See =Saw
- Think = Thought
- Come = Came
- Go = Went

- Study = Studied

Negative sentences

I didnt watch TV last night

I didnt eat pizza last night

She didnt study for the exam yesterday

He didnt buy some milk yesterday

Remember
DID NOT = DIDNT
+
verbs in their present form

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Interrogative sentences

?) Did you watch TV last night?

Yes, I did

No, I did not.

?) Did you eat pizza last night?

Yes, I did

No, I did not.

?) Did she study for the exam yesterday?

Yes, She did

No, she did not.

?) Did he buy some milk yesterday?

Yes, He did

No, he did not.

IMPORTANT
Time expressions

last year
last month
I did it

five years ago


yesterday morning
In 1985

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Activities
Regular verbs
Present

Past

Irregular verbs
Present

Past

Arrive = ___________________

Buy = ______________________

Ask = _____________________

Break = _____________________

Borrow = __________________

Can = ______________________

Call = _____________________

Come = ____________________

Change = __________________

Choose = ___________________

Clean = ____________________

Drive= ______________________

Collect = ___________________

Drink = _____________________

Cry = ______________________

Do= ________________________

Dance = ___________________

Feel = ______________________

Enjoy = ____________________

Find = ______________________

Exercise = _________________

Get = _______________________

Hate= _____________________

Give = ______________________

Help = _____________________

Go = ________________________

Listen = ____________________

Know =______________________

Swim= _____________________

Leave = _____________________

Write the past simple forms


B. Complete the sentences with the affirmative form of the verb
1. I didnt go to New York, I __________ to Chicago.
2. We didnt meet Jim, we ____________ Max.
3. He didnt leave last Tuesday, he __________ last Thursday.
4. We didnt see Jim, we ____________ David.
5. They didnt buy a Volvo, they __________ a Saab.
6. You didnt know the answer, Tom __________ the answer.
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7. I didnt lose my passport, I ____________ my ticket.


8. We didnt have white wine, we _____________ red wine.
9. He didnt write a letter, he _____________ a postcard.
10. The film didnt begin at 6:30 p.m., it ___________ at 7:30 p.m.

Read the text


THE WOMAN WHO LIVED IN A TREE

Julia Hill, an American woman, was born in 1974.


She was 23 years old when she discovered that a
company wanted to cut down part of a forest in California.
In the forest there were lots of redwood trees. One of the
trees was 70 metres tall and 1,000 years old.
Julia wasnt happy about this. She travelled to
California and climbed up the tree. If I sit in the tree, she
said, the company cant cut it down. At the beginning,
Julia planned to stay in the tree for two weeks. She lives in
a small tree-house and her friends were very helpful
they cooked food for her every day. She used her mobile
phone to talk to her family and to news reporters. She
stayed in the tree day and night.
Environmental organizations supported her, but other people werent on her side and they tried
to stop her. The company used a helicopter that stayed near her tree-house for a long time.
The helicopter was very noisy and there was a lot of wind. Julia didnt like it, but she stayed in
the tree.http://www.odditycentral.com/pics/julia-hill-the-remarkable-woman-who-saved-a-tree-by-living-in-it-for-two-years.html
In the end, she was successful. The company agreed not to cut down the redwood. Finally,
after two years and eight days in the tree, Julia Hill climbed down and walked on the ground
again. She and her friends were very happy.

Answer the questions about the text


1. What do you know about the tree? ___________________________________________
2. How long was Julia up the tree? _____________________________________________
3. Who cook her food for her? _________________________________________________
4. How did she talk to when she was in the tree? ____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. Who tried to stop her? How? ________________________________________________
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6. What do you think Julia did after she climbed down from the tree?
___________________________________________________________________________

Complete the newspaper articles with the past simple of the verbs
have

can

steal

give

say

Hands up, Ive got a burger!


Last Tuesday a man armed with just a hot hamburger
in a bag ________________(1) $1,000 from a bank
in Danville, California.
Police Detective Bill McGinnis ____________(2)that
the robber entered the Mount Diablo National Bank at
about 1.30 p.m. and _________________(3)the
cashier a note demanding $1,000. He claimed that
he ______________(4) a bomb in the bag. The
cashier said she ______________(5) smell a distinct
odour of hamburger coming from the bag. Even so,
she handed the money to the man, and then he
dropped the bag with the hamburger and escaped in
a car.

Break

Hear

Come

Leave

Go

Teenage party ends in tears


When Jack and Kelly Harman ______________(1)
away on holiday, they ________________(2) their
teenage daughter alone in the house. Zoe, aged 16,
wanted to stay at home. Her parents said she could
have some friends to stay. However, Zoe decided to
have a party. Things started wrong. Forty uninvited
guests arrived. They _____________(3) furniture,
smashed windows, and stole jewelry.
When Mr. and Mrs. Harman ______________(4) the
news, they ______________(5) home immediately.

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9. Aprendizaje Esperado:

Solicitan y entregan informacin sobre hitos en su historia personal y en la de terceros en


contextos comunicativos escritos y orales formales e informales, haciendo uso de los
esquemas lxicos y gramaticales correspondientes.

Contenidos:
- Fechas da, ao.
- Informacin bibliogrfica bsica
- Tiempo verbal pasado simple, verbo Be
- Materias escolares y reas del conocimiento

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9.1 Years

1906 = nineteen oh
19

six

1917 = nineteen seventeen


19

1975 =

nineteen seventy-five

19
2005

75

= two thousand and five

17

9.2 Biographical information

I was born in nineteen twenty-six,


so I am eighty-eight years old.

I was born in nineteen sixty-one,


So I am fifty-three years old

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Where were these people born?


Complete the bubbles with the correct information and write countries and years

I was born in _____________ (country)


I was born in ____________________
(1977)

I was born in _____________ (country)


I was born in
________________(1954)

I was born in ________________(country)


I was born in __________________
(1981)

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Answer
Act. A: Colombia / nineteen seventy-seven - China nineteen fifty-four - USA / nineteen eighty-one

9.3 Past of be
Affirmative sentences

I was born in 1974, so I am 40 years old

You were in Brazil last year. You are in Chile now

He was a student last year. He is a Doctor now

She was studying two hours ago. She is listening to music now

It was in the house. It is in the yard now

We were students. We are teachers now

They were in Europe. They are in USA now

Negative sentences

I wasnt born in 1974

You werent in Brazil last year

He wasnt a student last year

She wasnt studying two hours ago.

It wasnt in the house

We werent students

They werent in Europe

Important
I
HE
SHE
IT

WAS
WASNT

WE
YOU
THEY

WERE
WERENT

Interrogative sentences
?) Were you in Brazil last year?

Yes, I was

?) Was he a student last year?

Yes, he was

?) Was it in the house?

Yes, it was

/
/

No, I was not


No, he was not

No, it was not

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?) Were they in Europe?

Yes, they were /

No, they were not

Activities
Correct the mistakes

A. In each sentence there is a mistake, underline it and write the correct sentence:

1. They were happy when you arrived?


_________________________________________
2. Is your friend at school yesterday?
_________________________________________
3. They was at the party last night
_________________________________________
4. Where are you born?
_________________________________________
5. We wasnt living here in 2003
_________________________________________
6. Where are you last week?
_________________________________________

B. Choose the correct form of the verb

Charles Darwin
1) Charles Darwin ____________ (was/were) born on February 12, 1809
2) He ___________ (was/were) a British naturalist who became famous for his theories of
evolution and natural selection.

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3) In South America, Darwin found that the fossils of extinct animals____________ (was/
were) similar to modern species.
4) Many people ______________ (was/were) strongly opposed to the idea of evolution
because it conflicted with their religious beliefs.
5) Throughout his life, Darwin ___________ (was/were) a reserved, thorough and
hardworking student.

Answers
Act. A: Were they / Was your friend / They were / Where were you / We werent / Where were you
Act. B: was/ was / were / were / was

Wh questions with did, was and were


1. Where did you grow up?
2. When did you come to this
city?
3. Why did you come to
live here?

4. How old were you last year?

5. What was your favorite


subject at school?

6. How was high school?

1. I grew up in Via del


Mar
2. I came here last year

3. Because my mom
and I moved here.

4. I was twenty-two

5. It was English and Art

6. It was great! I had a


great time and very good
friends.

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ACTIVITIES

Write sentences about you


Name
Activity
Birthday
Extra information
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

9.4 Memories / School days


Complete the word map with the words from the box.
School days

Classes

Places

Schools

Playground / Gym / Art / Lunchroom / Science / College / Physical Education (PI) / History /
High / Elementary / Math / Religion / English / Library / Junior high / Kindergarten

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Complete the conversation with the correct verb form in past tense
Anna: Where ________ you grow up Christopher?
Christopher: I ___________ up in Rome
Anna: When ________ you come to San Diego?
Christopher: I ____________ here in 2004
Anna: How old were you?
Christopher: I __________ twenty years old
Anna: Where ___________ you learn English?
Christopher: I ____________ to school in New York for 3 years. (go)
Anna: Well your English is very good now! __________ you go to college in New York?
Christopher: Yes, I _________ to college in New York.
Anna: What was your major in college?
Christopher: My major was accounting.
Anna: Thats interesting!

Answer the question about the conversation :


Wh- questions with Simple Past and the past of be.
1. Where did Christopher grow up? ________________________________
2. Where did he learn English? ___________________________________
3. When did he come to San Diego? _______________________________
4. How old was he? ____________________________________________
5. What was his major degree? ___________________________________

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Answer these questions about you:


1. When were you born?
_________________________________________________
2. Where were you born?
_________________________________________________
3. Where did you grow up?
_________________________________________________
4. When did you start school?
_________________________________________________
5. How old were you then?
________________________________________________
6. Who was your best friend at school?
________________________________________________
7. What was he/she like?
________________________________________________
8. What was your favorite subject at school?
________________________________________________

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10. Aprendizaje Esperado:

Interactan de forma escrita y oral en el contexto dialgico de una conversacin telefnica


simple formal e informal, utilizando las expresiones apropiadas de acuerdo a la situacin
particular que enfrenta.

Contenidos:
Frases preposicionales para indicar donde se
encuentra una persona en el momento: at home
/ in the shower / at the library / on a trip / in bed,
entre otras.
Uso de Subject & Object pronouns
Expresiones frecuentes en una conversacin
telefnica: Can I speak with? / Do you want to
leave a message? / He cant come to the phone,
entre otras.

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10.1 Telephone Conversations

Allie

Jack

Read this conversation. Allie is talking to her friend, Jack.


Allie: Hello?
Jack: Hi Allie. It's Jack.
Allie: Hi!
Jack: Are you okay? I phoned you two times today, but you didn't answer your phone.
Allie: Oh sorry. When?
Jack: I phoned you at ten o'clock this morning.
Allie: At ten o'clock I was in the shower.
Jack: Then I phoned you again at three o'clock in the afternoon.
Allie: Umm, at three o'clock I was at the Library. My phone was in my bag so maybe I didn't
hear it ring. Sorry about that.
Jack: That's okay. Anyway, do you want to have dinner at Pierres?
Allie: The little caf in my town near my house? Yes please!
Jack: Okay. I'm at the hotel very close. See you at 7 o'clock in the hotel lobby
Allie: Okay, bye!
Jack: Bye!

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PLACES

In
- She is in the shower

At
- My dad is at work

- He is in bed

- Peter is at home
- They are at the beach

- They are in class

- I am at my parents house

- My sister is in Mexico

- They are at school

- My mom is in the kitchen

- He is at the bank
- The dog is in the yard
- We are at the mall
- He is in the hospital*
- He is at the hospital*

On
- She is on Vacation.
- They are on break.
- He is on a trip.

Important
* Hes in the hospital (he is hospitalize)
* Hes at the hospital (hes visiting someone)

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10.2 Object pronouns


Subject Pronouns

Object Pronouns

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

Subjects are what the sentence is about.


(they always go before verbs)

Objects are what is affected by the action of


the subject.(they always go after verbs)

10.3 Examples:
Can you call me in
twenty minutes?

Leave us a
message, please

Please call me at home.

More examples:
- Can I call you later?
- Give her a call tomorrow
- Ask her to call me tonight
- Give me the number please! I dont have it

Activities

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A. Complete the conversation with the correct Subject or Object Pronouns.


1st Conversation:

A: Do you know Andy?


B: Sure, __________'s in my class, I study with __________. Why?
A: Oh, nothing. I want _______ to help __________, that's all.
B: I have his 'phone number. Call __________! Or if you want I can call _______ and we can
study together for the exam
A: OK! Thanks.

2nd Conversation

A: Hey Tyler, do _______ like lemons?


B: Yea, I really like ___________.
A: And do you like rice?
B: Sure, I like __________.
A: And how about chicken?
B: Yeah, I like ________ too. Why do you ask _________?
A: Because, I want to make lemon chicken for dinner.
B: Sounds great!

3rd Conversation
A: What's that?
B: Oh, it's a photo of my family. Look, ________'s my mum.
A: Oh yeah, I know _______. Who's he?

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B: _______'s my brother, everybody likes ________. Look, that's my father.


A: Wow, he looks like _______. And look at the big dog!
B: Yea, he's really big. He looks like ________!
Answer
Act. 1st : he/ him / him / me / him / him 2nd you / them / it / it / me 3rd she / her / he / him/ you/ you

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11. Aprendizaje Esperado:


Realiza y responde afirmativa o negativamente a invitaciones a diversas actividades,
adaptndose a la situacin comunicativa correspondiente, y haciendo uso adecuado de las
estructuras gramaticales aprendidas.

Contenidos:
Actividades que se realizan en el tiempo libre: go to
the movies / go to a concert / see a sports event,
entre otras.
Uso de estructuras para realizar invitaciones: Do you
want to? / Would you like to?
Uso de estructuras para aceptar y rechazar
invitaciones: Id love to / Id like to / I want to / I have
to / I need to

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11.1 Popular activities

Go to the movies

Visit an amusement park

Go to a concert

See a movie

Go dancing

See a sports event

Go to an art festival

11.2 Invitations

Making an invitation
Do you want to go to the
movies with me tonight?

Accepting an invitation

Yes, Id really like to go


to the movies with you.

Important
I would = Id

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Would you like to visit an


amusing park with me?

Yes, Id love to go

Making an invitation

Refusing an invitation/ making an excuse

Would you like to go


to an art festival with
me?

Im sorry, but I cant. I


have to study

Activities
A. Complete the conversation with would, want to, need to , have to. There are more
than one answer.
1. A: Do you ____________ go to a party with me tonight?
B: Id like to go, but I ______________ study for an exam
Important

2. A: __________ you like to go to a party with me?


B: Im sorry, but I _____________ sleep, I have a headache

- I would like TO
STUDY (Correct)
- I would like studying
(INCORRECT)

3. A: Do you _______________ have dinner with me?


B: Yes, Id love to, but I ___________ go to bed early

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4. A: Do you ____________ go to the beach?


B: I __________, but I __________ work

5. A. __________ you like to go to a Museum tomorrow?


B. Im sorry, But I ___________ to visit my family

B. Answer the invitation according to the instructions in parenthesis

1. Do you want to go to a Chinese restaurant this Friday night?


____________________________________________________________ (accept)

2. Would you like to go to swim this Sunday Morning?


_______________________________________________ (refuse and make an
excuse)

_____________________
_____________________

Would you like to go to


see a movie?

(Accept)

Do you want to go
to play soccer?
__________________
__________________

(Accept)

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Would you like to go to dance


with me tonight?

__________________________
______________________

(Refuse and make an excuse)

Do you want to have a


picnic with me this
Sunday afternoon?

___________________
___________________

(Accept)

Do you want to have lunch


tomorrow?

___________________________
___________________________

(Refuse and make an excuse)

Answer
Act. A: 1. Want to /have to 2. Would /need to 3. Want to /have to 4. Want to/want to/ have to
5. would/ want to

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BIBLIOGRAFA
Textos:
- Richards, Jack. Interchange, third edition, intro students book with self-study audio CD 2004
(Cambridge university press)
- Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks. English in mind. (1A) Students Book with self-study audio 2007
(Cambridge university press).
- English in Mind from Cambridge course book.
- Newspaper stories from oxford, New Headway English course

Imgenes:
https://www.rcga.org/_uploads/documents/L2P/EN/pg_01617_Why%20is%20sport%20important%20for%20children.pd
http://www.larojadeportes.cl/alexis-sanchez-tendra-una-larga-agenda-de-partido-en-el-barcelona/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(gymnast)
http://www.emol.com
http://www.roughguides.com/destinations/south-america/chile/things-not-to-miss/#/0)
http://blogs.bu.edu/biolocomotion/2011/10/16/the-real-reason-why-ostriches-cant-fly/
http://www.hd2wallpapers.com/view/angelina_jolie_in_maleficent_movie-1680x1050.php
http://livemotion.foros.bz/t4326-free-duel-dairanto-vs-mr-l
http://www.search-best-cartoon.com/cartoon-superheros-pagehttp://www.comicvine.com/forums/battles-7/batman-vs-the-incredibles-1566910/
http://www.fotor.com/es/index.html
http://books.google.cl/books?id=ENvOFgSiFuwC&pg=PA201&dq=texto+en+ingles+de+holidays&hl=es
&sa=X&ei=T7C8U8TNEuK2iwK-noCABA&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

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Equipo

de

centro

de

estudios

vector,

Sabine

Buda/

http://books.google.cl/books?id=ENvOFgSiFuwC&pg=PA201&dq=texto+en+ingles+de+holidays&hl=es
&sa=X&ei=T7C8U8TNEuK2iwK-noCABA&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.cl/books?id=J0xkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19&dq=texto+going+to&hl=es&sa=
http://www.abc.com.py/the-parts-of-the-body-las-partes-del-cuerpo-en-ingles-327215.html
www.mitiendasalud.es
www.instructables.com
mentholatum08.wordpress.com
www.ojmedical.com
www.bestcoughdrops.org
www.firstaidwarehouse.co.uk
www.wonderlabs.com
http://trabalibros.com/
http://www.watchmendaily.com
http://services.gsu.edu/postoffice/
http://designclass.net/discourse-analysishttp://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/shakira.html
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Chan
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9
www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit8_dialogues.htm

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