2006 Remembered Questions NBDE Part I

1. Where are the renal pyramids located in the kidney

Medulla
2. Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla
Loop of henle
3. The most hyperosmotic portion of the kidney
ascending loop of henle, prox tubule, inner medulla, distal tubule, collecting duct
4. The majority of water is reabsorbed.
Proximal tubule
5. If you have a Kidney or Heart infarctwhat type of necrosis is this
Liquefactive, Coagulative, Caseous (Caseous is for Tuberculosis)
6. What causes inc filtration fraction in the glomerulus
Inc pressure (constriction) of efferent arteriolar pressure?
7. What kind of Necrosis will lead to soap formation and calcification
Fat necrosis (Usu in the pancreas)
8. L. Monocytogenes causes
Parastie, Gastroenteritis, Meningitis
9. Which Hepatitis will cause symptomatic chronic hepatitis
Hep C
10. Several Qs on Pathology of Liver
Vit K ?s--Coumadin stops vit KWhich leads to lack of
y prothrombin or Thromboplastin???
y VIT K is required by the liver to make prothrombin
Pt has Liver Failure/Damage what is most likely cause of bleeding
y Dont have enough prothrombin,,maybe thromboplastin
11. When mast cells degranulate what is contents of granules.
Histamine + Something else look it up
y Eo chemotactic factor + histamine??
y Histamine + Leukotrienes + ECF-A + Heparin
12. What is most responsible for interstitial osmolarity
Sodium, albumin (more for blood osmolarity)
Sodium b/c Interstitial fluid is in the ECF so Na is in Ecf
13. If pt has a plasma osmolarity what is most effective substance that the patient needs
renin or ADH
14. What is most likely organism in perio infected oral cavity and infected pulp
Porphyromonas or streptococcus
It said in book that this was for deep subgingival sites and advanced perio dx
y Predominant supragingival= streptococcus
Mutans= Enamel, plaque

 Strep Anginosus= gingival crevice, dentoalveolar and endo infections??

Strep Vestibularis= vestibular mucosa
S. Salivarus= dorsum of tongue and saliva
15. In perio pockets what is there.
Bacteria that are not indigenous to the normal flora, bacteria that are normal indeginous
flora????
16. Neisseria Gonnorhea virulence factors
Endotoxin (gram neg. have this)
17. Pt gets an extraction, presents w/ fever and blood under his fingernails (splinter blood clots), what
disease process was the most likely cause of this
---DIC, thrombocytopenia??, Google says Endocardtis or Vasculitis
18. Which is least likely to infect a burn lesion
C. tetani, S. aurues, M. Ulceratum, P. Aeruginosa
19. Neisseira Meningitis virulence factors, which of these is not a virulence factor
Capsule, endotoxin, Iga protease, enterotoxin
20. Predominate Ig in saliva
IgA or Secretory IgA????
y Secretory IgA just has a role in protection for external secretions
21. What is the ideal polio vaccine, what it produces
Produces a secretory IgA from gastrointestinal cells???, secr. IgA from respiratory tract cells
Polio vaccine is of two types: the killed (Salk) vaccine and the live attenuated (Sabin) vaccine; the
latter given orally is the more popular.
y The live vaccine produces more IgA
22. How does Mililary Tb spread
Bloodstream (hematogenous), lymphatics
23. Which cell type In newly forming bone is the most mitotic
Osteogenic progenitor cells?, osteoblast precursor??
24. Cribiform bone in the periodontium???
2?s one was a picture having to label where the Picture
Synonyms for lamina dura include alveolar bony socket, alveolar bone, true alveolar bone,
alveolar bone proper, and cribriform plate of the alveolar process. The alveolar bone proper is a
plate of compact bone, the radiographic image of which is termed lamina dura.

25. Nerve of pterygoid canal

Sympathetic and parasympathetic
26. Lose Control of muscles of face below zygomatic arch on the left
Upper motor lesion, cerebrocortical lesion on upper right
Neural pathway for upper and lower musclesUpper= crossed and uncrossed, Lower=
uppermotor nerurons from opposite side

EXTRA

27. Operate on parotid gland what is at risk other than the facial nerve of being damaged
External carotid and auriculotemporal
28. Which nerves innervate the anterior part of the TMJ
Auriculotemporal or masseteric branch of max. nerve???, look up
29. What type of joint is a Gomphosis

 PDL
TMJ=Synovial

30. What does Rotaviruses cause in infants

Gastroenteritis
31. Which dx affects the most organ systems
Herpes, HPV, Rubell
32. What causes the Most birth defects in industrialized countries
Cytemegalovirus???
33. Which virus infects B cells
Epstein Barr virus
34. Syphylis aneurism occurs where?
Descending aorta (thoracic), Arch of Aorta??
35. Which muscle abducts the Vocal Cords
Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle
36. Severe abducens nerve (6)
Cant abduct the eye due to LR
37. Numbness to skin and muscle of the thumb and forefinger
Median nerve, Radial Nerve
38. Structure that is most superficial in deltoid triangle
Cephalic vein
39. Difference between cementum and bone
Cementum continues to get deposited throughout life??????, weird answers
40. Cell bodies of the facial touch
Trigeminl ganglion
41. Bacteria thrives in co2 environment
Capnophiles
42. Source of cysts in the midline of the neck
Thyroglossal duct
43. Carotid triangle of the neck, superior border
Posterior Digastric?
44. Floor of the submandibular triangle?
Floor not Borders.mylohyoid
45. 53, Cyclic Amp and its role in glycogen breakdown
Glycogen phosphorylase---It leads to phosphorylation of this and makes it active
46. Cells that produce gastrin
..G Cells (was not an answer, maybe gastric glands via parasympathetic impulses??)
47. Difference b/tw large and small intestine
Large intestine d/n have villi
y Stomach has rugae?
48. Where does myasthenia gravis effect
Myyoneural jnxn
49. Thick filament of muscle
Myosin
50. Cells that hypertrophy due to injury
Cardiac muscle
51. What is in the jnxal epithelium
Hemidesmosomes + zona occludens?
y If Hemidesmosomes + Basal Lamina is an answer choose this b/c that is what is on the decks
52. Which epithelium can sustain trauma the best
Transitional ????, Stratified Squamous non-keratinized

53. What makes up the Nissl substance???

Rough ER
54. How does pancreatic lipase get activated
Trypsin
y Some ?s about trypsin activating pancreatic enzymes
55. What hormone stimulates gastric secretion
Gastrin, CCK (inhibits), secretin (no), (Chief Cells (Secrete Pepsinogen), Parietal Cells (secrete
HCl from oxyntic glands)
y Mixing and Emptying Actions
Following a meal, mixing actions of the stomach turn the food into chyme and pass it toward
the pyloric region using peristaltic waves. The rate at which the stomach empties depends on
the fluidity of the chyme and the type of food. As chyme fills the duodenum, stretching of
its wall triggers the enterogastric reflex, which inhibits peristalysis and slows the rate at
which chyme enters the small intestine
56. What is the enterogastreal reflex
Feed back system to stomach
y The brain alerts the stomach that it should expect arrival of a meal and the stomach comes out of its inter-digestive quiescence
and begins low level motor and secretory activity (cephalic phase). After a meal is consumed, the gastric motor and secretory
activity is fully turned on (gastric phase). If the meal is at all substantial, the gastric phase is periodically suppressed by signals
from the small intestine and, if gastric pH falls to very low levels, from the stomach itself. Eventually, the meal is fully
liquefied and emptied, and the stomach falls back into a state of very low motor and secretory activity, where it remains until
the next cephalic phase.

57. What stimulates glucose intake uptake into adipose tissue

Insulin
58. Ehler-Danlos causes all of the following except
Delayed wound healing, collagen, something didnt make sense
59. Best way for Bacteria to transfer multi drug resistance, depends on the ?
Conjugation or transformation
Transductiontransfer via viral replication
Transformationno cell to cell contact, most primitive way for bacteria to transfer genetic info
Conjugationcell to cell contact, jay put this so not sure
60. Usual outcome of HSV-1 exposure
No Outcome (most people dont have symptomssubclinical dx)
61. Usual transmission of Chlamydia
Genital
62. Where is best place to take spinal tap
L3-L5???, subarachnoid space (L2-L3)
63. Section below T4 of the spinal cord, and they come into the office for a 2 hr appt what do you worry
about
Bowel emptying, high bp, temp regulation???
64. How doe Influenza get its genetic diversity
Mutation and whole gene rearrangements??? Both were answers, and both are on the decks
65. Lag phase
in mass but not #, in # but not mass
66. Pt has Hypotension, peri-oral pigmentation, nausea vomiting
Addisons (this one), Peutz-Jagers(d/n have hypotension), Gardners (d/n have hypotension)
67. Stain for Acid-Fast stain
Mycolic Acids (lipids and waxes)
y This stains for Mycobacterium tuberculosis= Lipid and wax in cell wall
y Mycoplasma pneumoniae= NO cell wall
68. Bacteremia
What causes it----probing causes endocarditis, seeding of bacteria into the bloodstream

69. Difference between IgM and IgA

Constant region of Heavy Chain, Constant Of Light, Variable of Heavy, Variable of Light
70. Which is not true of the Properties of Fungal Cells (eukaryotes)
Chitin is cell wall, 2 forms (hyphae, yeast), asexual and sexual, Cholesterol in cell membranes
(they have pergesterol)
71. How do quantitate mRNA
Western blot, Southern blot, Northern blot???
y Western blotdetect protein
y Southern blotdetect DNA
y Northern blotdetect RNA and mRNA
72. How do you know if hep B carrier is infective state (actively dividing)
HBs Antigen (ag)

73. How do you know if pt has been infected and now have immunity (test for post vaccination immunity)
Test for hepatitis b surface antibody, (HBs-AB) or (anti-HBs)
74. Sickle Cell anemia difference btw hemoglobin a and hgb S
Single DNA base pair substitution
75. What is the relationship where both members benefit
Mutualism (wasnt a choice, this is a form of symbiosis), Commensalism (1 benefit, 1 not
affected), Symbioisis (Can both benefit but not always???)
76. Acquired active immunity, natural and artificial
Look it up
77. Oshas standard for Blood Borne Pathogens is intended to protect
Patient, Licensed hc provider, employees??
78. What is a risk factor for endometrial cancer
Obesity (causes an in estrogen), multiple partners, sex at early age (cervical)
y Other risk factors for endometrial carcinoma are Diabetes, HTN, and Infertility
79. What is not a risk factor for cervical cancer
Early sex, Hpv, multiple partners, high risk male partners.. something else d/n make sense b/c all
of these are the risk factors
80. What is most common cancer of lung
SSC of lung
81. Least likely to metastatize to bone
Kidney, colon, thyroid, breast, and tongue???
82. Appearance of breast cancer, which one is false
Skin is dimpled, change in color of nipple, non tender mass, large red painful swollen mass
83. What the marker for choriocarcinoma

 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

84. Smoking is a risk factor for all of the following cancers except
Stomach, esophageal, kidney, pharynx
y Could also be called colon, Look up what kind of cancers is caused by Smoking
85. What are not Symptoms of Bronchitis
Look up, Hyaline mmb formation (not related)
86. What dx is a disorder of plasma cells that shows multiple punched out radiolucencies
Multiple Myeloma
87. What are pituicytes
Neurohypophysis
88. Which of the following is most likely to cause cancer
Dysplasia or Metaplasia
89. Osteocyte most resembles
Cementocyte
90. How does the body regulate Calcium absorbtion
Based upon body Need (???)
91. What is an indication of malabsorption
Steatorhea
92. What is the vitamin deficiency that causes rickets
Vit D
93. What vitamin deficiency causes gingival inflammation, pocket, and bleeding
Vit C (ascorbic acid)
94. What is the role of MHC class 2
CD4, presents extracellular antigen to T helper cells on the cell surface
95. What could be a possible cause of pulmonary emboli
Arterial thrombosis, parapalegic
96. Multiple Sclerosis
Plaques of demyelination In the CNS
97. Which complement is for alternate pathway
C3= alternate
y C1= classical
98. 65 yo with an ill fitting denture show cotton wool radiographic appearance
Osteitis Deformans (Pagets Disease), Fibrous Dysplasia
y risk factor for osteosarcoma
99. Which of the following activates Osteoclasts
Thyroxine, Calcitonin, Insulin
y PTH was not listed
100. All of the following structures exit the middle cranial fossa
Jugular foramen
101. Elevation of what marker will cause Acute Pancreatitis
Amylase
y Lipase was not listed
102. What is a bone disorder of endocrine origin
Acromegaly (caused by GH), fibous dysplasia, pagets
103. What are the symptoms of asthma one of them will be false
Look at the decks
104. What is the process when the chromatin condenses in the nucleus of a cell
st
Pyknosis1 stage of necrosis (unprogramed cell death), then
y Karyolysischromatin is degraded by enzymes (DNAses) which causes
y Karyorrhexisfragmentation of the nucleus
y Apoptosisprogrammed cell death

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All of the following are examples of the Heat Sterilization Technique except
Load instruments in when wet, sterilize for 6min @ 190, 12 min for
Which of the following is an immersing sterilant
Gluteraldehyde
Which amino acid forms an inflammatory mediator that causes vasodilation
Histidine
What is Penicillins MOA
Inhibits cross linking of growing gram + Cell wall(inhibits the terminal step in peptidoglycan
synthesis)
Which of the following inherited dx is associated with high levels of LDL in the blood stream
Familial Hypercholestrolemia
How is Cholesterol transported in the blood
LDL, VLDL??
y Chylomicrons= Transfer triglycerides from lymph to adipose
y HDL= good, transport from liver to blood
Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to
Asbestosis
What organ is affected by Exposure to carbon tetrachloride
Massive hepatic necrosis (liver problems)
Which of the following is X-linked Recessive
Hemophilia A
What is the cause of hyperventilation
Respiratory alkalosis (blowing off all of your CO2)
y Hypoventilation (building up your CO2 so you are resp. acidosis)
What happens to cause Troponin elevation in the blood
MI????, dont remember the options, just a guess
Actinomycosis
Sulfur granules, Anaerobic, gram-positive filamentous, branching rods; "sulfur granules" in
pus are mats of intertwined bacteria, Actinomyces israelii, Found in anaerobic crevices
around teeth; intrauterine devices --> Actinomyces israelii endometritis
Active Acquired Immunity
Decks
Diagram of mesencephalon

119.

Extrapyramidal neurons

Dont cross, control posture

120.

ID Lacrimal Gland

121.

What receptor does Epinephrine react with

Stimulates alpha receptors
122. How does epinephrine raise the blood glucose level
Glycogenolysis in the liver???
123. What is least amount of opening of teeth
MI
124. What enzyme is used for transamination reaction
Pyridoxine (B6)
125. By checking hydroxyprloine levels what are you testing for
Collagen
126. Immediate source of methy groups in amino acid synthesis???
SAM??, S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)
y A source of transferable methyl groups is choline
127. What root of the maxillary 1st PM would have 2 roots
??
128. What structure is epinephrine most closely related to
tyrosine
129. What is split into urea, the last amino acid before urea is released
?arginine??
130. In a highly acidic environment the GC content of DNA is
Highest, Intermediate, Low
131. What enzyme is secreted from the pancreas that stimulates an alkaline secretion
Secretin
132. Where are the JG cells located in the kidney
? bowmans capsule
133. The breakdown of glycoproteins happens due to what organelle
Peroxisomes, lysosomes, golgi
134. What structure is emptied into the inferior meatus
Nasolacrimal duct
135. which canal creates a direct entry from the oral cavity to the nasal cavity
?pterygopalatine, greater palatine
136. Which of these structures is located in the temporal bone
Internal acoustic meatus
137. Which taste receptor has the lowest threshold for taste.
Bitter, sour, salty, sweet
138. Which papillae is associated with vonEbner glands
Circumvallate
139. A 6 yo kid presented to your office with diffuse small red spot on the ant 2/3 of the dorsal tongue
what is most likely affected
Filliform papillae, fungiform papillae, lingual tonsil, foliate papillae

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Look up something about a striated duct

Weird ?
When your mandible moves in lateral excursion, the TMJ on the lateral working side moves
Lateral, medial, inferior, superior
What covers the tmj articulating surfaces
Fibrous cartilage
in what layer is the large vessels in the floor of the mouththe tongue located
Submuosa, lamina propria
The deep dermis is composed of what
Dense irregular CT, Dense Regular CT, Reticular Layer
What is true insided the pulp
Type I collagen>Type III collagen
A fungal infection most common in diabetics
Mucor mycosis
What artery does middle meningeal a tributary of
Maxillary artery
What artery parallels the the ptergoid plexus of veins
Maxillary
What structure stores sperm
Testis, vas defrens, seminiferous tubules
If a pt develops right heart failure with an otherwise healthy left side what is the problem
Cor pulmonale
If a patient can only rotate his jaw and not translate what is the max amount of opening
30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm
What foramen connects the sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine forman??
Which muscle of the tongue pulls the side of the tongue inferior
Hyoglossus
What muscle does the parotid duct pierce
Buccinator
What formane directly connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity
Incisive
The lingual nerve before it joins the c. tympani has what type of fibers
Afferent ant 2/3 tongue
How many heme molecules and globulin protein chains??? Does hemboglobin have
4 hemes, 4 chains
How does the mandible form
Intramembraneous bone formation around Meckels cartilage
y Hint: meckels bone does not ossify
What is the primary growth center of long bones
Epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, metaphysic, diaphysis
What deformity is due to lack of Vit D
Rickets
What cell cycle phase is characteristic of separating nuclear material?
M phase
Asbestos exposure most likely causes what
Mesothelioma
What nerve innervates the TMJ
Auriculotemporal nerve the capsule??
Which of these is located in the anterior mediastinum
Vagus, esophagus, thoracic duct, anterior interventricular artery, trachea, remnants of the thymus

165.

What structure is located at the level of the trachea bifurcation

Sternal angle, suprasternal notch??
166. What is a positive chronotropic agent that will stimulate carotid bodies
Low O2 tension
167. The nerve that stimulates the submandibular ganglion (c. tympani) has its origin in what nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus
168. The adventia of the arterioles is derived from what???
Crazy stuff
169. The tip of the tongue receives its blood supply from
Deep lingual artery
170. What is a direct tributary of the celiac trunk
Left gastric??
171. The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the
thyrocervical trunk
172. Which part of the gastric mucosa has no vili and limited mucous glands
Ileum, stomach, duodenum, jejunum
173. What vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart
Pulmonary vein
174. What is the function of synovial fluid
Lubrication and nutrition
175. What lines the ventricles of the brain
Choriod plexus
176. Where is the Brocas area of speech
Frontal lobe
177. What is a relay station for sensory stimuli from the spinal tract to cortex
Thalamus
178. What structure is the midbrain derived from
mesencephalon
179. If you the permeability of a nerve cell to K what will happen
It will go 0, +30, - 30, -50, -80
180. Complete cardiac block of the nerve transmission will show what on an EKG
..Dissociation of QRS and P
181. The Right 1st, 2nd, and 3rd posterior intercostal veins drain into the right superior intercostal which
then drains into what structure
Hemiazygous, azygous, superior vena cava
182. Which of the following causes a
183. Osteoblasts are derived from
Mesenchyme
184. What lines the articulating surfaces of the mandi. Fossa
Fibrous connective tissue
185. TMJ lower rotation, upper translation
Both true
186. The tip of the tongue drains directly to
Submental nodes
187. If you have an abcess of the 1st PreMolar what space is infected
Submental, submandibular
188. Which of these will during a contraction
A&I zone, H bands
189. If your tongue deviates to the right what is wrong
Right hypoglossal nucleus
190. Which antimicrobial affects lipid and non-lipid membranes

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What will cause over secretion of saliva

Epinephrine, atropine, curare, something else was the answer starts with a P
Staph aureus
Heat stable enterotoxin
What type of necrosis is most common in alcoholics
Liquefactive???
What type of necrosis is most common for infarcts
Coagulative
Patients with cystic fibrosis
Will have a sweat that contains NaCl
SCID is due to hypoproduction of
B cells, T cells, stem cells
Most common type of meningitis
Strep Pneumoniae
What is false about Chylamydia Trachomatis
I think I narrowed it down to , the majority of women are symptomatic
Whata disease is most common to resemble primary syphilis (chancre)
Gingival herpetic stomatitis, herpangina
What is the most common renal tumor in kids
Neuroblastoma
What infects skin, hair, and nails
Trichophyton
Which of these cause cancer in the genital tract of females
HPV (cervical cancer)
What causes a blood clot, terminal step
Monomeric fibrin
Hemophailiac A is caused by a deficiency of
Factor, or something????
How is VZV spread
Airborne, direct skin contact
Chicken pox stays latent where
Sensory ganglia
Cytomegalovirus and EBV are familys of
Heresviridae
Which of the following are not viruses of the brain
..
HIV is a rotavirus
False, it is a retro virus
Intervertebral disc is composed of
Fibrocartilage
What is endotoxin associated with
Gram (-)
What is the most common severe rxn in transplants
Graft vs. Host disease, Host vs. Graft
What is associated with the mushroom toxin that affects mRNA
I put Rifampin ?? who knows geez
If pt has a RV (something like that) quotient of 0.7 what is the main source of fuel
I put fats?
Hertwigs epithelial root sheat forms
Epithelial cell rest of malasez
Enamel formation is due to

 Stratum intermedium

217.

Crown dentin is different from root dentin by

Granular layer of tomes

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Know the pathogens in adult and juvenile Periodontitis

Directly on cards
Crutzfiel Jacobs dx
Something about infected carcasses of cow is the correct answer
What is a secondary messenger
Cyclic AMP
y Could also be cyclic GMP
Which of the following can you not measure using a respirometer

Which of the following would be going on if Oxaloacetate was depleted

High use of the TCA cycle (thats what I thought made sense)
What enzyme is used in the oxidation of energy
Cytochromes
What is the function of secretory IgA
Protect mucous membranes
Which salivary enzyme breaks down starch (or maybe it said proteins)
Alpha-amylase, beta amylase
Which is true of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Have a high mp
The storage form of Iron in the liver is called
Ferritin
y If it is transferable= transferring
If a person has antibodies anti-A and anti-B in their blood what blood type are they
O
If a patient comes in with a cyanotic blue looking lip what is their problem
I put low hemoblobin count (low o2), other answers were anemia related problems (which would
mean normal o2 tension, just not enough of normal cells???)
The breakdown of Lactose yields
Glucose+ galactose
Which of the following could cause glucosuria
Low Insulin
Inulin is a measure of
GFR
Pt had a diastolic pressure of 140 and a systolic pressure of 80, what is the mean arterial pressure

MAP = [(2 x diastolic)+systolic] / 3

234.

Which of the following is the most common autoimmune thyroid problem

Hashimotos, Graves, DiGeorges, etc..??

235.

What causes exopthalmous, bony defects, etc

??

236.

What is the storage form of Thyroid hormone

Thyrogloblulin

237.

How does DNA, RNA, and protein replication occur

53, 53, N-terminalC-terminal
238. What is the function of the nuclear pore
Transfer of proteins and ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
239. What is the cDNA libraries made up of
mRNA sequences, the entire DNA genome, ???
240. What is useful for detecting DNA sequences

 Southern Blot

241.

The most important buffer system in parotid secretions of saliva

Bicarbonate, that was the only was that made sense, phosphate also an answer

242.

How is glucose mediated across cell membranes

nd
2 ary active transport
243. What hormone is responsible for producing milk in the mammary glands
Prolactin, Oxytocin
y If during breast feeding I think its Oxytocin, depends on how its worded
244. What is the hormone that has the direct effect on growth of a bone
Somatotrophin (GH)
245. What hormone binds to an intracellular receptor and has a long slow response
Estrogen, GH
246. What is the major regulator of Ca in the body
Calcitonin, PTH
247. What disease is caused by an excessive formation of uric crystals in the big toe
Gout
248. What is the Mechanism of destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Look up??
249. What is true of a micelle
The hydrophobic portion is pointed toward the interior???
250. Urea is produced by the hydrolysis of
Arginine
251. What reflex controls posture to the spine
Stretch reflex
252. The pentose phosphate will generate
Ribulose 5-phosphate
253. Isotopes have
The same atomic # but different atomic mass
254. What virus most closely resembles herpangina
Hand foot and mouth disease
255. What is the cytopathic effect of HIV
Giant cell formation
256. Hypoplasia
Decrease in cell production
257. Sjorgens syndrome is associated with destruction of what two glands
Salivary and lacrimal
258. What is the disease called that causes tumors in the gi tract
Puetz-Jeghers
259. What is the difference between Th1 and Killer T cells
Th1= MHC2 & CD4, Killer T= MHC1 & CD8
MHC
T Cell Subset
CoReceptor
Recognition Immunity Type
Cytokines
Cytotoxic (CTL)

CD8

Class 1

T Helper (Th1)
T Helper (Th2)

CD4

Class 2

CMI

Tc1, Tc2

(Killer Ts, NK,

Macrophages)

IL-2, IFN-g

Humoral

IL 4, 5, 10

(B Cells and Ab

What pathway is shut down in arachidonic acid pathway to cause a of leukotrienes

Lipoxygenase patway

260.

Know this good, know that asprin will shut AA synthesis off, probably 2-3?s related to this

PGG2
PGI2

Antiinflamm
atory;
Endothelium

PGD2

PGH2

Membrane Phospholipids
PLA2

LTB4

AA

5-HPETE

LTA4

5-HETE

LTC4

5-KETE

LTD4

COX (1, 2)

(Arachidonic Acid)

TXA2

Proinflamm
atory;
Platelets

PGE2

PGF2

PGI2 Vasodilation, cAMP

Platelet aggregation
TXA2 Vasoconstriction
Platelet aggregation
PGE2 Vasodilation, Hyperalgesia
Fever, Potentiates edema &
leukocyte infiltration
COX 1 & 2 (cyclooxygenase 1 & 2)

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5-LO

LTE4
LTB4 Chemotactic
Leukocyte activation
LTC4 Vascular permeability
LTD4 Bronchoconstriction
Hypersecretion, mucous
LTE4

5-LO (5-lipoxygenase)

y
What strep bacteria is not found in dental plaque
Strep pyogenes, s. sanguis, S. mutans, s. salivarius, s. mitis
What is the best way to monitor a malignant tumors prognosis
Size, location, degree of differentiation
UV light causes damage to DNA by
Damaging the cross-links of pyrimidine bases to form dimmers
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of
Factor VIII
If your bile duct is plugged it will cause you to be deficient in what vitamins
I have no idea, each answer was like ADE, kde, kab, etc
What is the most common fungal infection of humans in the US
Either Blastomycosis, or A
A cell that stains heavily in the center and is tightly packed has undergone
Pyknosis
What lung diseases causes you to not be able to keep the alveoli open, also common in CF pts
Bronchectasis???
Down syndrome is mainly caused due to what
Non-Disjunction
Thats all folks

ANATOMICAL SCIENCES 2006

1. Which foramen is not in the middle cranial fossa?
Option: foramen Lacerum, Rotundum, Ovale, Jugular...
2. Which is in the Retroperperitoneal?
(Kidney)
3. Which structure innervate Orbicularis Oculi( or Oris) or supply nerve to them is
Option: superior orbital fissure, mental,......

4. Which nerve abduct the eye....?

Option: Abducens N, Adduct N...
5. Diagram of eye and asked to locate lacrimal glands

6. (2-3) more Q's regarding triangles of the Neck?

7. Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from??

Option: right thorax, full right side, Head and Neck.....
8. More Q's about Lymph nodes??

9. What causes cleft lip?

Maxi process, Medial nasal process, Max and Medial nasal process...
10. Which cell cycle is more variable is most variable in mammal?
G1, G2, M, G0...
11. What forms Philtrum?( Maxi process & Medial nasal process)

12. Which is seen continuously throughout the circulatroy system?

Adventitia (larger in veins), Endothelium (intima), Vasa Vasorum
13. Function of hyaline cartilage in bone growth???\

14. Something about notochord?????

15. Which one is propriception nucleus in face?

Mesencephalic nucleus!!
16. Jaw-Jerk-reflex goes through what ganglion??
Mesencephalic nucleus!!
17. Bell stage definition?????

18. What is the lateral boundary of retromandi space??/

19. Ipsilateral-contra lateral Q's about facial and something about pain innervation??

20. Q's about Hypothalamus and its Hormones

Oxytocin, ADH, ??(Acromegaly)
21. Numbness to thumb and forefinger caused by damage of???
Option: radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median.......
22. Abduction of vocal cord caused by???
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
23. Engterogastric reflex???

24. Where respiratory bronchiole subdivides into?

...terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, primary bronchi
25. Know type I collagen fibrils well???

26. Where is trapeful M???????

Option: Medial, Lateral, Superior, Inferior...
27. Paralysis of lateral rectus causes interference with what eye movement??
Abduction
28. Trapezius inserts into??
Scapular spine
29. Jugular foramen found in which part of cranium??

 Posterior cranial fossa

30. Hard palate supplied by??

Greater palatine NAV
31. Aggregated mass of lymphoid tissue found between palatoglossus and palatophanryngeus ...?
palatine tonsil
32. What is usually mistaken for subgingival calculus??
Option: Concrescent teeth, dens in dente.......
33. Carcinoma of larynx would affect- ????
Option: deep cervical nodes, submandibular, thorax....
34. Postganglionic sympathetic to head region???/
From Intermediolateral cell column in the thorax region
35. Postganglionic parasympathetic to spincter pupillae???

36. What is the function of nuclear pore???

BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY--2006

1. Enzyme helping in transamination reactions???
B6 (Pyridoxyl)
2. Immediate source of methy groups in amino acid synthesis???
SAM??, serine
3. Something about DNA transcription??

4. Which glucose, that is not degraded in muscle??

5. How to check protein level in meat

hydroxyproline level???
6. Activation of complement by alternate pathway take place at???
C3
7. TCA cycle???
know it well couple of Q's about it...
8. Enzyme not found in muscle??
Option: glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,.....
9. Which one is used to pick out amount of mRNA sequence??
Option: western, southern, northern...
10. Q about GFR and inulin?

11. Greatest osmotic pressure is found in what part of nephron???

Option: PCT, DCT, Collecting duct, Henle loop..
12. HCL secreted by which cells of stomach??..
parietal cells, chief cells
13. Something about Kw calculations????

14. Movement of solute against an ectrochemical gradient requires???

Option: simple diffusion, facilitated, active transport..
15. Difficult in breathing in neonates is due to ????
Option: puctured lung, collapsed alveoli, increased surface tension of tissue...
16. A DNA sequence was given and the corresponding RNA seq had to be chosen????
A-- T (RNA=U), G ---C Study their sequence and know it by heart......
17. What maintain the tertiary structure of proteins??

 The primary structure is held together by covalent peptide bonds, which are made during the

process of translation. The secondary structures are held together by hydrogen bonds. The tertiary
structure is held together primarily by hydrophobic interactions but hydrogen bonds, ionic
interactions, and disulfide bonds are usually involved too.
18. (2-3) Q's about hyperventilation & hypoventilation??
PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY--2006
1. Bacteria surviving in CO2???
Option: anaerobic,fac anaerobes, capnophiles....
2. Legionella pneumophila causes??
pneumonia
3. Miliary tuberculosis spread by??
hematogenous
4. Rotavirus causes what.... in infant?
Gastroenteritis
5. Staining in tubercle bacilli is possible due to ???
Mycolic acids?, lipids and waxes make up the cell wall
y Mycobacterium Tuberculosis= lipid and wax cell wall
y Mycoplasma pneumoniaethere is no cell wall
6. What is the cause of cervical cancer??
hpv
7. Mechanism of action of chloramphenicol???
Act on ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis
8. Q about multiple sclerosis!!!!
Seen as plaques of demyelination in CNS??
9. Four choices of combination of O2,Co2, and N were given...Which would Affect the central
chemoreceptor the most??
CO2???
10. Patient have HepB would show??
Option: HBsAg, HBsAg antibodies, ...etc
11. What is the symptom of malabsorption??
Steatorrhea!!!
12. What cause bronchogenic carcinoma???
Asbesto....etc?
13. A few Q's about sterilization, OSHA. OSHA established for ??
Option: patient Health provider, public, employees...etc
14. Cell wall of mycoplasma made up of???
NO cell wall, its lipids and waxes??
15. Acute pancreatitis can be caused by elevated level of???
Serum Amylase and Lipase???
16. What is the main cause of Down Syndrome???
Option: Non-Disjunction, translocation, or Mosaic DS
y All cause Trisomy 21, non-disjunction is most common cause
17. Hepatitis B what indicates active replicaiton??
HBeAg!!!!!
18. Listeria monocytoigens causes what?

19. If a susceptible person were given tetanus antitoxin what kind of immunity would result:
Option:1. Innate 2. Natural active 3.Natural passive 4. artificial active 5. artificial passive

(If tetanus antitoxin is given, then, artificial passive immunity results, because tetanus
antitoxin is nothing but antibodies aganist the toxin. since artificial antibodies are given from
outside , it is called passive imunity.)

DENTAL ANATOMY--2006
1. Lots of Q's about Max/Mand 1st & 2nd premolars know them well and put more effort in learning
their difference in shape , roots #, eruption, angulation, which one is more prone to have anamoli

2. Some Q's about TMJ & articular disc

3. High frequency Q's about Occlusion movement[ lateral movement, metrio,,, on the posterior teeth,
Cuspid protective occlusion, Condylar guidance, Anterior guidance,...]

4. How many primary and permanent teeth are present in the 6.5 year old child??

5. Earliest sign of mixed dentition phase???

When Mand Centrals erupt
6. If upper first premolar had 3 roots, where would that be???

7. Cervical contours + contacts in Icp + anatomical features of premolars, anterior teeth and first
molar??

8. A woman in her second trimester, took tetracycline, what teeth of her baby would be affected???

9. Amount of swallowing in one day??

[geez, I have search a lot of books to find answer , the only answer I found was in book by
Okeson "597 times perday"]
10. Tooth formation stages and it histology and embryology??

11. What is the difference between Max 1st and 2nd Premolar??

12. Lot's of Q's on Premolars

13. What muscles moves the condyle Superior- Anteriorly- superioanterio ( 3 Q's )
14. What are used to record mandibular movement in horizontal plane???
Gothich arch tracer?