1.

3 p.

Little Andrew in the school lab was pouring concentrated (98%) sulfuric acid in the
graduated cylinder. After 55 mL of acid were poured into the cylinder, it happened that it
felt down and all the acid now was on the flour. Luckily, Andrew had 3% NaHCO3
solution in the shelf for the neutralization of the acid.
What volume of the soda solution is necessary for complete neutralization of the spilled
acid?
Density of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1.837 g/ml, density of NaHCO3 solution is 1.03
g/ml.
2.

3 p.

10.0 g of calcium reacted with 1.00 liter of water. Which compounds will present in the
solution after the reaction? Calculate their mass parts. Solubility of calcium hydroxide is
0.165 g in 100 g of water.
3.

7 p.

Chemical compounds of an element Q are widely found in the nature. This element has
no allotropic forms and with oxygen it forms two compounds A and B with different
composition. Compound A is neutral and in the reactions with binary compounds it may
form either acids of bases.
Compound B decomposes in the presence of a catalyst, MnO2, into the compounds A and
Y.
When compound A reacts with active metals, simple compound X of element Q is
formed besides the compounds, which reacts with acids and acidic oxides.
1. Identify element Q.
2. Write the chemical formulas for the compounds A, B, X and Y.
3. Write the equations for the following chemical reactions:
a) Preparation of A,
b) Preparation of base from A,
c) Preparation of acid from A,

d) Decomposition of B in the presence of catalyst MnO2,

e) Reaction of A with the active metals.
4.

2 p.

Content of radon in seawater is 6 10 19 g/l.

How many atoms of radon are present in 1 liter of seawater?
5.

4 p.

Lithium usually is obtained from the mineral spodumen, Li2OAl2O34SiO2, according to

the following scheme:
a) Spodumen is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and obtained solution is
evaporated;
b) Dry residual is treated with water and filtered to separate silicon(IV) oxide;
c) Diluted solution of sodium hydroxide is added to the filtrate and obtained
solution is filtered again to separate the precipitated aluminum species;
d) Saturated solution of sodium carbonate is added to the filtrate and obtained
solution is filtered to separate the formed lithium carbonate.
Write the equations for the chemical reactions in this problem.
6.

7 p.

Element X may be found in the nature either as a simple compound or in different

minerals. Element X containing species are formed usually during the volcanic activities.
Element X is also important as an insecticide. In high temperature it reacts with many
metals, hydrogen and oxygen.
Large amounts of this element are used in the production of a strong acid Y, which is used
in many branches of manufacturing.
To an excess of diluted aqueous solution of acid Y, 1.28 g of zinc was added and the
formed gas was burned.

Calculate the mass of the compound formed after the burning of the evolved gas.
Write the equations for the reactions of element X with some metal,
oxygen and hydrogen.
Write the equations that show the production steps of the acid Y.
Calculate the mass part of this acid in the solution when 0.5 moles of
element X oxide are treated with 100 ml of water.
7.

9,10

7 p.

3.38 g mixture of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfate dissolved in
water and barium chloride solution (taken in excess) was added to the obtained solution.
4.30 g precipitate was formed (after drying). When excess of hydrochloric acid was
added to this precipitate, 224 ml gas was evolved.
Write the equations for the chemical reactions.
Calculate the composition of the initial mixture (in mass parts).
8.

9,10

8 p.

The name chlorophyll is derived from the Greek words chloros (green) and phyllon
(leaves). For the complete burning one mole of chlorophyll (M = 892.3 g/mol) 71 moles
of oxygen are needed. In this burning process the following compounds are formed: 2420
g of gas A (this gas is found in all the sparkling drinks), 648 g of compound B (which is
the main component of all the sparkling drinks), 44.8 l of gas D (which is the main
component of atmosphere) and a solid residual - 40.3 g of diatomic oxide E.
1. Write the formulas of compounds A, B, D and E and name these species.
2. Calculate the amount of each element in one mole of chlorophyll.
3. Find the molecular formula of chlorophyll.
Note: In all the calculations use the atomic weights with the precision of 0.1.
9.

9,10

2 p.

On the pans of the scale 100 g 10% sodium hydroxide solution and 100 g 10% sodium
chloride solution were placed. Scale, of course, was in equilibrium, but after a while one
of the pans started to move down.

Which side of the scale will behave more heavier after a while?
Why? Explain this experiment.
10.

10

11 p.

Purple-red powdered compound A was boiled with concentrated sulfuric acid. At the
beginning gas B (which is very good soluble in water) was evolved. Precipitate turned to
black and its mass increased roughly by one-fourth compound C was formed. After a
while precipitate gradually turned almost white and it mass increased roughly twice
compound D was formed. Precipitate was filtered and water was added to it. Blue
solution was obtained. After evaporating of this solution, blue crystals of compound E
were obtained. Their mass was roughly four times higher than that of compound A.
Heating of substance E gives D. However, if the heating is continued at higher
temperature, compound D converts to the compound C and a gas, which contains
compound B.
Identify all the species mentioned and write the equations for all the reactions.
Explain, why compound D is white, but its aqueous solutions are blue.
11.

10

6 p.

Derive the mathematical formula for calculation the volume (in normal conditions) of
hydrogen evolved when a grams of magnesium reacts with b grams of sulfuric acid. Plot
this relationship.
12.

10,11

6 p.

White pigment lithopone consists of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide. It may be obtained
according to the following scheme:
a) Barium sulfide is prepared from barite, BaSO4, by reducing it at high temperatures
with carbon monoxide.
b) Zinc sulfate is prepared from zinc blend, ZnS, by burning and eventual treatment with
sulfuric acid.

Obtained solution of zinc sulfate usually contains impurities of iron and manganese
species which needs to separated prior to obtaining of lithopone as these metals have
colored sulfides. Therefore the following treatment are requested:
Obtained solution is treated with chlorine in weak acidic medium for the oxidation of
iron(II) species to the iron(III) and manganese(II) species to the manganese(IV) species.
In these conditions, iron(III) hydroxide and manganese(IV) oxide are precipitated from
the solution.
c) Lithopone is obtained by mixing of barium sulfide with zinc sulfate.
Write the equations for the chemical reactions.
13.

10,11

6 p.

In the following table density of hydrochloric acid solutions is shown for different mass
parts of HCl.

w, %

, g mL

1,01

22

1,11

1,02

26

1,13

1,04

36

1,18

18

1,09

38

1,19

w, %

, g mL
1

Try to figure out a simple relationship, which would allow you to find the
density for the solution of hydrochloric acid when its mass part is known.
What is the density of 30% hydrochloric acid solution?
14.

10,11

4 p.

For the exploration of different processes radioactive or so-called labeled elements often
are used.
Using labeled atoms of radioactive chlorine (36Cl), propose the method how one can
proof that equilibrium between solid BaCl2 and dissolved BaCl2 is dynamic, e.g.
dissolved BaCl2 all the time returns into the precipitate and vice versa.

15.

10,11

5 p.

By addition of 2 volumes hydrochloric acid (c = 0.1 mol/l) to one volume of mercury (II)
acetate (salt of acetic acid) solution (c = 0,1 mol/l), electric conductivity of obtained
solution decreased by factor of several thousands in comparison to the initial solution of
hydrochloric acid.
Explain this observation.
Solubility of compounds in water (g / 100g): Hg(CH3COO)2 50, HgCl2 7, acid
constant for acetic acid Ka = 1.7410-5.
16.

11

9 p.

Aqueous solutions of compounds A, B and C have the same chemical composition, and
all the solutions are strongly acidic. If they are evaporated, at the beginning compound A
is obtained (it contains 23.2% S), afterwards compound B (26.7% S). Continuing the
heating yields compound C which contains 28.9% S. If C is heated at high temperature
white crystalline substance D is obtained. Aqueous solution of D is neutral, it colors the
gas flame yellow and contains 22.6% S. In all the species sulfur exhibits the same
oxidation state.
Determine compounds A, B, C and D.
Explain, why solutions of compounds A, B and C have the same chemical
composition. Show what ions are present in this solution. If they are
formed during some chemical reaction, write the equation for this
reaction. Write the equations for all the chemical reactions.
Show the geometry of the ions that forms species C and D.
17.

11

9 p.

To the aqueous solution of a salt A bromine water was added at 5 oC temperature till the
formation of precipitate B was completed. Obtained precipitate was filtered at 5 oC
temperature. Colorless filtrate was heated up to 70 oC temperature and solution of salt A
was added to it till the formation of precipitate B and the impurity C was completed.
Mass of the precipitate B that formed at 70 oC temperature was 2/3 of that formed at 5 oC
temperature. If an excess of potassium iodide is added to the solution containing 10 g of
salt A, yellowish precipitate D is formed. D dissolves in the solution of sodium

thiosulfate, but does not dissolve nor in the ammonia solution, either in diluted nitric
acid.
Determine the compounds A, B, C and D, and write the equations for all the chemical
reactions.
18.

11,12

8 p.

Malachite is a basic carbonate of some metal, and its composition is the following: 5.47%
C, 36.17% O, 0.91% H and 57.48% of some unknown metal. 25.0 g of malachite was
heated and the black residual was dissolved in the hydrochloric acid. The obtained salt (in
the solution) was subjected to the complete electrolysis. 13.89 g of metal was obtained.
How many percents of impurities contain this sample of malachite? Write the equations
for the chemical reactions. What is the amount of electricity that is spend during this
electrolysis, if the voltage was 5.0 V? (Faraday constant F = 96500 C/mol)
19.

11,12

6 p.

Substance X is an easily volatile solid compound and is of great importance in the

producing of energy as well as in the military industry. It may be obtained in the direct
reaction of fluorine with a pure silver white metal. Relative density of this compound
against the air is 12.18. What is this compound? And why it is volatile despite its high
molecular weight?
Density of air is 1.29 g/l.
20.

11,12

4 p.

Calculate the volume of carbon (IV) oxide, v (in liters, normal conditions), which is
formed by burning m grams of hydrocarbon (or their mixture) with mass part of carbon w
% in the excess of oxygen.
Using the obtained equation, calculate the volume of CO2, which would be released by
burning of 10.0 g hexadecane C16H34.
21.

12

5 p.

To100 ml of sodium acetate solution 1 g of white crystalline compound A was added.

Solution turned to solid substance and its temperature raised. The elemental composition
of the obtained substance was the same as that of compound A it contained 16.9% Na,
17.7% C, 6.67% H and oxygen.

Determine compound A.
What is the composition of the solution used?
How one can prepare such a solution?
22.

12

13 p.

0.96 of an simple compound A was heated at 150 oC temperature with 20 g of an heavy

colorless liquid B. After the heating 0.48 g of compound A and approximately 18 g liquid
B remained unreacted. Gas, evolved during the heating, was trapped into the 36 g of 10%
sodium hydroxide solution. Solution I was obtained. This solution was boiled and 0.48 of
the previously remained substance A was added to it. Solution II was obtained. This
solution contains compounds that are widely used in photography. If aqueous solution of
barium chloride is added to the solution II, which has been standing in the air for a while,
precipitate C is formed. C cannot be completely dissolved into the hydrochloric acid.
a) What are compounds A, B and C?
b) What species are present in the solutions I and II?
c) Determine the mass and composition of precipitate what is formed if liquid B is
added to the fresh obtained solution II.
d) Determine the volume of gas, which is evolved when 10 g of liquid B is added
to the fresh solution II.
e) Write the equations for the chemical reactions.
23.

12

14 p.

Most widely common drugs against fever are aspirine (acetylsalicylic acid) and
paracetamol (para-acetylaminophenol).

Identify and name the various functional groups in aspirin and paracetamol.
Write the equation for one chemical reaction involving aspirin and for one involving
paracetamol which cold serve as unique tests for the discrimination of these two drugs
Many anti-fever drugs however contain both aspirine and parecetamol. Describe how to
separate the mixture containing both of these chemicals and obtain both substances in
pure forms separately. Write the equations for these chemical reactions.
Aspirin usually is prepared from phenol according to the following scheme:

Paracetamol could be prepared from phenol as well:

Write the equations for all the reactions and name all the organic compounds involved in
these reactions according to the IUPAC nomenclature.
24.

12

7 p.

1.00 g organic substance A was dissolved 3.00 mL of hot water. Obtained solution
contained only organic substance B. Solution was cooled and filtered. Filtered substance
B was dried and its mass was 1.00 g. In 100 mL volumetric flask solution from 1.00 g of
compound B was prepared. For titration of 10.00 ml of the prepared solution 16.95 ml 0.1
M sodium hydroxide solution are necessary. If the obtained compound B is heated,
compound A is obtained.

Determine the compounds A and B, write their names according to the IUPAC
nomenclature, and write the equations for all the chemical reactions.
25.

12

5 p.

Sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS, is obtained by bubbling the hydrogen sulfide through the
ethanol solution of sodium etoxide and the formed sodium hydrosulfide is precipitated
from the solution by adding of diethyl ether, in which it is not soluble.
Calculate the volume of hydrogen sulfide, which is necessary for obtaining 10 g sodium
hydrosulfide if the reaction yield is 90%.
Calculate the mass of sodium that is needed to prepare the sodium etoxide needed for the
synthesis of sodium hydrosulfide.
Write the equations for all the reactions.
26.

12

6 p.

Oxidation of alkyl groups attached to the aromatic rings is of great importance in organic
synthesis. For instance, nicotic acid (vitamin PP) may be obtained this way from 3methylpyridine.
3-Methylpyridine is oxidized with sodium permanganate in weak basic medium (by
adding the potassium carbonate to the reaction mixture). During the reaction,
manganese(IV) oxide is formed from the permanganate.

Write the complete equation for this reaction.

Calculate the mass of potassium permanganate necessary for preparation of 10 g nicotic
acid if the reaction yield is 80%.
For the complete oxidation of 3-methylpyridine, potassium permanganate is usually taken
in excess. Before the extraction of nicotic acid in this case, unreacted potassium
permanganate is removed by adding of potassium sulfite.
Write the equation for this reaction.

In terms to extract nicotic acid after the reaction is completed, reaction mixture is
acidified with hydrochloric acid and nicotic acid is precipitated.
Explain, why it is necessary to add hydrochloric acid and write the equation for the
appropriate reaction.
Calculate the volume of 6.0 M hydrochloric acid for the complete precipitation of 10 g
nicotic acid. If hydrochloric acid is added in excess, nicotic acid dissolves.
Why? Write the equation for this reaction.