MADE BY :

MANAS ARORA LOKRANJAN JAYANT

2ND YEAR B
VASTU KALA ACADEMY

SPECIFICATIONS:

Location : Canterbury, Kent, England.

Country : United Kingdom
Architecture : Romanesque and gothic
Years Built : 1070-1834
Length : 157 metres (515 ft)
Nave length : 178 feet (54 m)
Choir length : 180 feet (55 m)
Nave width : 71 feet (22 m)
Nave height : 80 feet (24 m)
Choir height : 71 feet (22 m)
Number of towers : 3
Tower height : 72 metres (236 ft) (crossing)
Number of spires : 1 (now lost)
Spire height : 58 metres (190 ft) (north west tower demolished 1705)

TERMS USED IN PRESENTATION :

In churches, a transept is an area set crosswise to
the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building in
Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture.
Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England,
and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066.
In churches, the nave is the main body of the church.
It provides the central approach to the high altar.

A crypt is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It

typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics.
The choir is the area of a church or cathedral that
provides seating for the clergy and choir. It is usually in
the eastern part of the chancel between the nave and
the sanctuary (which houses the altar).

 Pulpitum is a massive screen, most often constructed of

stone, or occasionally timber, that divides the choir from
the nave and ambulatory.

A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a

building, particularly a church tower.

Chancel, portion of a church that contains the choir, often at the eastern end.

Ambulatory is continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of

the nave (central part of the church) around
the apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the church)
or chancel (east end of the church where the main altar stands)
to form a continuous processional way.

ORIGIN OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

St Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, arrived on
the coast of Kent as a missionary to England in 597 AD. He
came from Rome, sent by Pope Gregory the Great.
Augustine was given a church at Canterbury (St Martins,
after St Martin of Tours, still standing today) by the local King,
Ethelbert whose Queen, Bertha, a French Princess, was
already a Christian.
This building had been a place of worship during the Roman
occupation of Britain and is the oldest church in England still
in use.
He established his seat within the Roman city walls and built
the first cathedral there, becoming the first Archbishop of
Canterbury.

St Augustine, the first

Archbishop of
Canterbury

ORIGIN OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

Augustines original building lies beneath the floor of the Nave
it was extensively rebuilt and enlarged by the Saxons, and the
Cathedral was rebuilt completely by the Normans in 1070
following a major fire. There have been many additions to the
building over the last nine hundred years, but parts of the Quire
and some of the windows and their stained glass date from the
12th century.
By 1077, Archbishop Lanfranc had rebuilt it as a Norman church,
described as nearly perfect. A staircase and parts of the North
Wall in the area of the North West transept also called the
Martyrdom remain from that building.
The work of the Cathedral as a monastery came to an end in
1540, when the monastery was closed on the orders of King
Henry VIII.

PLAN OF CATHEDRAL AT DIFFERENT PERIODS

PLAN OF SAXON
CATHEDRAL

PLAN IN 1774

PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION
1. The Norman Cathedral of Archbishop Lanfranc
Built between 1070 and 1077, on site of Saxon
cathedral destroyed by fire in 1067
Nave & transepts survived for 300 years, NorthWest Tower until 1830's

Whole eastern end knocked down in 1090's to

make way for St Anselm's Choir & Crypt

2. The Norman Cathedral of Archbishop Anselm

Built between 1096 and 1130
Surviving today: Crypt (the western half of
today's enlarged Crypt), St Anselm's and St
Andrew's Chapels, two towers, and much of
the South-East and North-East Transepts

3. Rebuilding after fire of 1174 destroyed the eastern end

The two eastern towers, and much of the eastern transepts, survived the
fire. The choir was gutted.
William of Sens oversaw construction of Choir (1175 - 1180) - first shift from
Norman (Romanesque) to Gothic architecture in England.
'William the Englishman' responsible for Trinity Chapel, eastern Crypt below
it, and the Corona, the east end of Canterbury Cathedral, built to contain
the shrine of Thomas Becket.
Oldest stained glass dates from this time.
Becket's body moved up from Crypt to Trinity Chapel: 1220

4. Rebuilding the Nave & main Transepts: 1377 - 1480

Nave demolished 1377 (the year following
the Black Prince's burial); rebuilt 1387 1410
South-West Tower & Porch rebuilt 1413 - 25
(North-West Tower remained until 1830's)
South-West Transept rebuilt 1430's, NorthWest Transept 1480's
Lanfranc's Tower knocked down in 1430's,
Nave & Transepts strengthened, but
rebuilding did not get above Nave height
until 1490

5. 'Bell Harry' Tower

'Bell Harry' main construction: 1490
- 1510
Completion of Tower followed by
construction of Christ Church Gate
c.1510 - the main entrance to the
Cathedral precincts today.
It is built of brick and faced with
stone. The bell at the top is called
Bell Harry.

EXTERIOR OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

The exterior of Canterbury Cathedral

immediately impresses by its size, but also
rewards closer attention to its details.

Viewed directly from the south, the abrupt

change from Romanesque to Gothic is clearly
evident - to the right (east) are round arches,
blind arcades, and rough surfaces; to the left
are the abundant pointed arches and
pinnacles of the Gothic nave.

Southwest Exterior

Decorating the Romanesque exterior are

intertwined blind arches embellished with
decoratively carved columns and figurative
capitals, all of which date from Archbishop
Anselm's reconstruction around 1120.
Gothic southwest transept and tower
(left) and Romanesque southeast
transept and tower (right).

The nave terminates at a great gothic choir

screen (a.K.A. Pulpitum) at the top of a
wide stairway.

The pulpitum was built about 1455 by

richard beke and originally had sculptures
of Christ and the twelve apostles along with
the shield-bearing angels and six kings that
survive today.

The Gothic choir screen (or pulpitum),

built about 1455 by Richard Beke.

East of the choir is the large Trinity Chapel, a

level higher than the rest of the interior and
surrounded by an ambulatory.

It is reached by stone stairs on either side.

The floor of the Trinity Chapel, near the west

end, has a set of interesting inlaid marble
roundels representing the signs of the
zodiac, months of the year, virtues and
vices.

The Romanesque choir (1184), looking east

to the Trinity Chapel

 The ambulatory around the Trinity

Chapel is home to some of the most
interesting and accomplished stained
glass in Canterbury Cathedral.
Most of the glass is original, ranging in
date from about 1180 to 1220.
Circling around the ambulatory are a
total of eight windows depicting
the Miracles of St. Thomas Becket.

Chainmailed effigy on the tomb of Edward

Plantagenet, the "Black Prince"

Another notable feature of the

ambulatory are its many tombs of
archbishops and royals. The most
famous of these is the Tomb of the
Black Prince (1330-76), topped with a
bronze chain mailed effigy of the
knight, in the south ambulatory.

Detail from Becket Miracle Window 6, north

aisle of the Trinity Chapel

The far east end of the

cathedral is occupied by an
apse chapel known as the
Corona ("crown"), because it
once housed the relic of St.
Thomas' head.

Here there are two more

medieval windows of
interest: the Tree of Jesse
and the Redemption
Window. Both date from
about 1200.

The massive crypt beneath the east end of the

cathedral is one of the most fascinating parts of
the building (and, alas, was closed when I visited).

Built under Archbishop Anselm in the early 1100s, it

still has extensive Romanesque murals and
exquisitely carved columns and capitals.

Early medieval crypt beneath the

east end of Canterbury Cathedral

THANK YOU