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1
By Plastic deformation
By chipping due to mechanical breakage
Burning of the tool
By gradual wear
A tool that no longer performs the desired function can be declared as failed
l
c
hf
Break in
Region
Temperature
insensitive
area
Temperature
sensitive area
3
2
l
f
e
(a)
C
f
(c)
Time
(b)
Fig: (a) Three stage flank wear curve, (b) Various elements of flank wear and crater wear, (c) Variation of various crater
wear with time
8f 2
RCLA
R18 3
Rmax 4 RCLA
Where, f Feed
R Tool Nose Radius
Generated surface
Desired
surface
Axis
Amount of
flank wear
Depth of cut
Flank Wear
Tool
Movement
failed
TOOL LIFE:
Useful life of a tool expressed in terms of time from start of a cut
to termination point (defined by failure criterion). Sometimes also
expressed in terms of no. Of the parts machined.
Tool failure criterion depends on
1. The requirements of the component being produced.
2. Type of Operation:
Feed (f)
Depth of cut (d)
Tool geometry (Rake Angle
)
(n<1), Ct is very large
1 Unit
n= 1/2.5
2.5 Unit
VTnfn1dn2=C
N, n1, n2: Constants depending upon tool material (=0.1 to 0.4).
C: constant that depends on tool-work material combination and tool geometry (>100)
Workpiece Material
Cutting fluid
Tool Material
MACHINABILITY
. Mainly concerned with workpiece material properties not the tool properties.
It depends on workpiece material properties and good machinability means:
1. Low tool wear
2. Good surface finish produced
3. Low cutting forces
TOOL SPECIFICATION
Apart from tool material, one has to give tool angles and tool nose
File
BENCH VICE
HAND VICE
PIPE VICE
Hand File
Flat File
File Card
Hammer
Half-round File
Round File
Square File
Hack Saw
Hand Reamer
Machine Reamer
Twist Drill
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Adjustable Reamer
Die
Taps
Chisels
Die Nut
Tap Wrench
Measuring Equipment
Ruler Scale
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Outside Micrometer
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Outside Caliper
Depth Micrometer
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Scriber
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machine
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Machine
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Machine
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THANK YOU
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SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
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