Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANTONIO GRAMSCI
He was an Italian Marxist theoretician and politician, and the founding members for
Communist Party of Italy. He is the founder of Theory of Cultural Hegemony, which
describes how states use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies.
Communist party in the Leninist sense was his solution to the drawbacks of Karl
Marxs ideology- where in a revolution was inevitable but the social class revolution
was has clearly failed in its purpose.
He was the key thinker contributing to Western Marxism. A compilation of his works is
Prison Notebooks- based on some ideas in Marxist theory, critical theory and
educational theory.
Cultural Hegemony- indicated that a state is formed based on not coercion alone, but
also depends on consent of the majority, since in the case of a majority not being
compatible with a coercive decision that the state authority wants to impose- would
lead to conflict, hence proving that a state runs on both the principles of coercion and
consent on parallel basis.
GLOBALIZATION
The term Globalization describes the internationalization of Capitalism in puritanical,
logical or ideological form in order to effect international alignment of states, governments
or unitary authorities around a single economic pole. In its puritanical form, Globalization
describes the internationalization of the principle of private ownership of the means of
production and ownership of the resultant profits derived from the capitalization of that
production. In logical form, Globalization describes the internationalization of the
exploitation of material resources for the purpose of maintaining the power of a unitary
authority in order to affect identifiable sovereignty. In its ideological form, Globalization
describes the internationalization of the distribution of resources throughout the global
populace in order to maintain the populace above absolute poverty.
Globalization, like Capitalism, also requires the monetization of global resources and
once acquired, further requires the development of globalised monetary policy to engineer
logical increases in the value of globalised monetization over time.
Neo-Marxism
Neo Marxism does not refers to a single theory or approach but rather is a colloquial
reference to the combination of various 20th century schools of thought and approaches that
amend or extend Marxism and Marxist theory. It is a lose term with no fixed definition as per
say and finds application in various fields. Neo-Marxism includes elements of
psychoanalysis (as in the case of critical theory), weberian sociology or anarchism. The
theories originally designated as Neo-Marxist are concerned in particular with culture and
ideology and with the role of capital states welfare institutions in retarding them advancing
socialism. Neo-Marxist ideology states that changes and amendments need to make it
relevant and useful to the current times. The Neo-Marxist school of thought developed after
the first world war when the Neo-Marxists saw the failure of working-class revolutions in
Western Europe. They interpreted these failures as an inherent lack of adherence to the true
Marxist theory, along with a lack of understanding of the prevailing social conditions. NeoMarxist theory focuses more on the social influences that perpetuate not just economic
oppression but also social oppression. They argued that Marx saw the economic sector as
preeminent, but he ignored the dialectical processes within it, such as politics, religion,
mass-media, etc. The Neo-Marxists argue that these processes cannot be reduced to
something determined purely by the economy.
Ashish Kumar
Tejas N.K
Garapati Nikita
SriLaxmi Madhu Sudhan